All details are important, all details are needed! And this is true, because if you remove even the smallest, and at first glance, insignificant detail from your computer, you will find that your indispensable assistant does not work. The processor, which is what we will talk about today, is a small part that is the brain of the PC. The microprocessor is interesting to us, first of all, for the speed at which it performs tasks, because the more powerful the processor, the faster it processes and executes commands. In this article we will understand what a processor is and what it is needed for?

What is a processor and what is it used for?

CPU or CPU processes program code; in other words, the processor performs all data processing operations and manages the work of peripherals. CPU characteristics are speed, clock frequency and processor capacity. It is this data that influences the price (but don’t forget about the brand). Speed ​​is responsible for the number of processor operations per second. Clock frequency is measured in MHz (megahertz). The time interval between two pulses is a clock cycle; accordingly, the higher the CPU model, the fewer clock cycles are required to complete tasks. In processors they range from 60 MHz to 3 GHz, that is, 3 GHz is the dream of any user. The maximum amount of information that is processed and transmitted by the microprocessor simultaneously is processor capacity.

The very first CPUs were single-core, which means that if you run multiple tasks on your PC, such as watching a movie, ripping music, or defragmenting a disk, you think the microprocessor is performing these tasks simultaneously. In fact, all actions are performed one by one, spending milliseconds on each operation. But, on a two-core processor, these tasks will be solved simultaneously, but a four- and eight-core processor will be able to solve, respectively, 4 and 8 tasks simultaneously. But you shouldn’t think that the more cores, the more powerful the CPU and the faster your computer, since we have already found out that the power of the microprocessor depends on the clock frequency and bit depth. Processors are also divided by manufacturer. There have been bloody battles between fans of AMD and Intel for decades, but neither the first nor the second has been able to prove the undoubted advantage of their brand. We will talk about the disadvantages and advantages of the eternal competitors later, but now we will try to find out which processor is better for your needs.

If you decide to build a PC yourself or upgrade your current one, you should undoubtedly think about which processor is better? Which CPU is more suitable for games, video processing, and labor-intensive calculations? If you need a PC for work or study, then a single-core microprocessor, but with a high frequency, is quite enough. However, you should not think that by purchasing a quad-core processor, your computer will stop freezing when playing games or processing video. After all, it is dual-core processors that provide better performance because they operate at a higher clock speed than quad-core CPU models.

In order not to make a mistake and buy a really good microprocessor suitable for your needs, you should take into account such parameters as a high clock frequency, the number of processor cores, because the more cores, the more likely it is that such a processor will run the latest toy or program for working with 3D- models. The system bus frequency should also be taken into account (that is, the speed of your PC directly depends on the bus frequency. For example, a frequency of 1333 MHz is much better than 800 or 1066 MHz). And size system cache, because it is the microprocessor cache that temporarily stores data and program code, it operates at the CPU frequency and, accordingly, the larger the high-speed memory (cache), the more productive the processor itself. Another important fact when choosing a microprocessor is the (cooling device),

because if you purchase the latest CPU model and do not take care of proper cooling, you risk not getting the expected pleasure from games. And really, what fun would it be if your PC constantly shuts down due to the microprocessor overheating?

So we decided which processor to buy. More suitable for avid gamers gaming line AMD processors,

since they have better compatibility with ATI video cards than Intel,

and, at the same time, they cost much less. But if multitasking is more important to you, then Intel is your choice. Due to the fact that Intel CPUs are faster and more efficient, and also have a higher frequency than AMD, many users prefer Intel. But as always, there is a price to pay. It's no secret that Intel processors are 40% more expensive than similar CPUs from AMD.

Well, now, I would like to briefly talk about the whole family of Intel processors. I will also describe the technical characteristics of Intel core i3, i5, i7 processors only a little, detailed descriptions, in this case, no one really needs.

Intel Core i3 processor.

Core i3 - dual-core processor latest generation, which is designed for PC entry level. Was introduced in 2010. Equipped with a built-in dual-channel DDR3-1066 or 1333 controller, voltage up to 1.6 V. This CPU has a built-in PCI Express 2.0 x16 controller, and it is thanks to it that the graphics accelerator is connected directly to the processor. For all Core i3 models, the base clock speed is 133 MHz.

Intel Core i5 processor.

These CPUs have intelligent performance that increases when implementing resource-intensive applications (games, work with graphic editors). Core i5 can automatically share power between processes, depending on needs and tasks.

Core i5 is the latest generation dual- or quad-core processor designed for mid-range PCs. It is divided into two-core Clarkdale and four-core Lynnfield. The CPU is equipped with a built-in dual-channel DDR3-1066/1333 RAM controller with a voltage of up to 1.6 V. Like the Core i3, this microprocessor has a built-in PCI Express 2.0 x16 controller. in x16 mode it is connected to the chip in models with a built-in GMA HD graphics core, and two video cards in x8 mode are connected in models without built-in graphics. To solve resource-intensive tasks, Turbo Boost technology was implemented in all Core i5s, that is, automatically increasing the clock frequency.

Intel Core i7 processor.

As for the Core i7, there are four-core (Lynnfield and Bloomfield) and six-core (Lynnfield). These processors are the latest generation processors designed for high-end PCs.

How can I find out what processor is on my computer?

Quite often you can hear the question: “A How can I find out what processor I have? is it on the computer? It will take a little time and patience to figure this out. Since processor information may be needed to upgrade or install any software(software) or games.

Method #1 is pretty simple. To begin, press simultaneously.

A window will open in which you need to enter the command “dxdiag” and click “OK”.

In the DirectX service dialog box that opens, we see that the processor is Intel Core i3, with a frequency of 2.4 GHz.

Method #2 is much faster. To find out the question that concerns you, just right-click on the “My Computer” icon (located on the desktop).

and select the last item in the “Properties” drop-down menu. After this, a window will open in which the entire configuration of your PC will be described in detail, as well as the installed operating system.

Method number 3 is a little long, but no less effective than the previous two. By clicking on “Start” and selecting

You should select the very first item “System and Security”.

Method No. 4 will suit you if you already have one installed good program"Everest" Having launched it, in the window that opens, select the “Menu” tab. After this, click on the “Motherboard” link

and select the CPU sub-item. On the right you will see a full description of your processor.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the matter of finding out data about the CPU of your computer.

Today we did a lot of work:

• found out what is a processor,
• decided which processor is better,
• and, which processor is better for gaming, video, data processing and office work.
• We learned several methods for identifying the CPU on your PC, and also did a little disassembly specifications Intel and AMD processors.

I hope this article will help you choose the right microprocessor for your computer.

Quality and speed of operation personal computer, as well as its performance, largely depend on the processor. This becomes clearly clear when the PC refuses to cope with the tasks that the user sets for it. There is only one way out - to upgrade your computer and look for a new, more productive and modern processor. To ensure that the purchase does not turn out to be useless, you need to clearly understand how to choose a processor and what parameters it should have in order to cope with specific tasks. Similar problems arise for those who decide to assemble their own car. We will try to answer all questions as briefly and succinctly as possible, as well as study the modern market and determine best processors 2018.

The main subject of debate when choosing a processor is the manufacturer. On this moment Two companies compete in the market: AMDAndIntel. Arguments over whose products are better are reminiscent of the eternal debate about iOS and Android, or Canon and Nikon. Fans of this or that system are ready to tirelessly prove their point of view, but there is always an “arms race” between the companies themselves, so it is impossible to definitively answer which processors are better, AMD or Intel. Someone once said that this is like a matter of religion or even a matter of habit.

We will return to the manufacturer’s question and try to understand their proposals in more detail, but for now we note that when choosing a processor, you should still pay attention to its architecture, number of cores, clock frequency, cache memory size and other parameters.

Processor socket or socket type

The processor is installed in a special socket on the motherboard, so their socket type must match. Different types of connectors are incompatible with each other - a system assembled in this way will not work. Motherboard manufacturers indicate which processors a particular model is compatible with. Information is available in the instructions for the motherboard or on official websites. If you are assembling a computer yourself, do not buy an outdated one. motherboard: in a couple of years, when you want to upgrade your PC, you will have to buy not only new processor, but also a new motherboard.

There are up to 30 different types of sockets, many of them are already considered obsolete.

Intel processors are now available with the following sockets:

For processorsAMDThe following sockets are relevant:

• FM2/FM2+– inexpensive simple processors that are suitable for assembling ordinary office systems and simple gaming PCs;
• AM3+– one of the most common sockets, on its basis you can assemble systems of any power, up to the most advanced gaming computers;
• A.M.4 – socket for the most powerful processors, which are used to build professional and gaming PCs;
• A.M.1 – a socket for the simplest processors.

Sockets LGA1155, LGA775AM3, LGA2011, AM2/+ are considered obsolete.

Number of cores and threads

The core of a process is its heart, brain and soul. The first multi-core processor presented to the world Intel company, but there is still an opinion that the idea was stolen from AMD. Let's not harp on the past - the main thing is that today single-core processors can no longer be found. It remains to be figured out how many cores are actually needed.

If we simplify a little, we can come to the following conclusions:

• 2 cores– option for a computer that will be used to work with the basic set office programs, launch the browser and watch the video;
• 4 cores– an option for both office use and for launching medium-sized toys. It all depends on the frequency and architecture;
• 6, 8 and 10 cores– powerful computers for running 3D programs and the most modern and demanding games. A good option for the gamer.

Please note that there are programs that cannot load balance across cores and will run faster on a 2-core processor with a higher clock speed than on a 4-core processor at a lower clock speed.

Please note that there is processors with virtual additional cores. Special technology (Hyper-Threading for Intel, or SMT for AMD) allows you to clone each physical core, That's why the number of data processing threads does not always equal the number of cores. If you are told about an eight-thread processor, then it may have 4 or 8 actual cores.

CPU frequency

Many users naively believe that the higher the clock speed, the better and faster the computer will work. This is not entirely true, or rather it is, but under certain conditions. Let's figure it out.

Clock speed refers to the number of operations a processor performs per second. Hence, the higher the frequency, the faster the “brains” work, and a 3.5 GHz processor will be preferable to a 2.8 GHz processor, for example. This is indeed true if we are talking about processors of the same line, where the same kernels are used.

Performance depends not only on the frequency, but also on the processor architecture and cache size, so you should not focus only on the frequency, but within the same line it is a significant factor.

Technical process

The technical process determines the size of the transistors on the processor and the distance between them. Photolithography is used to deposit conductors, insulators and other elements onto a silicon substrate. The resolution of the equipment used determines a certain technical process and affects the sizes of transistors and the distance between them.

The technical process is measured in nm and the smaller it is, the more elements can be placed in the same area. At the moment, the most modern processors have a 14 nm process technology.

This parameter has a very indirect effect on performance. It affects the heating of the processor much more significantly. Improvements in technology make it possible to release a processor each time with a lower technological process; they heat up less. If you compare an old generation processor and a new one with the same performance, the new one will heat up less. Since performance increases in new models, the old and new “stones” heat up approximately equally. Thus, reducing the technical process allows manufacturers to create ever faster and more productive processors without increasing their heat.

Cache memory

Cache is built-in ultra-fast memory that helps store and process data between cores, RAM and other tires. Essentially this is the link between RAM and processor. Thanks to this buffer, you can quickly access frequently used data. In modern processors, the cache has several levels (usually three, less often two). The larger the amount of memory on them, the faster the “stone” will work, but again this is only true for processors of the same line.

Memory is distributed unevenly across levels:

• L1 is first level cache, its volume is minimal (8-128 KB), but the speed is the highest. The frequency usually reaches the processor frequency level;
• L2 – second level cache, larger in volume (from 128 KB) than the first, but slower than it;
• L3 is the most capacious, but slowest cache. On the other hand, even the third level cache is faster than RAM

If you need to choose a processor for a gaming computer or to run powerful professional programs With high requirements to the graphics, it’s better to take processor with the maximum possible amount of third-level memory(the parameter usually ranges from 2 to 20 MB). This established truth in Lately destroy tests of new processors, which show that cache memory has virtually no effect on gaming performance. However, this parameter should not be written off - a good amount of cache memory will speed up data archiving and writing data from flash memory to the hard drive.

Integrated graphics core

Improvements in production technology have made it possible to place various microcircuits inside the processor, incl. graphics core. The main advantage of this solution is that there is no need to buy a video card separately. Typically, video cards that are quite mediocre in terms of capabilities are built into the processor, so models with an integrated graphics core Suitable for users for whom graphics capabilities are secondary. These are budget processors for an office environment, but they can handle videos from the Internet, most non-specific programs, regular toys, and even entry-level 3D games.

If your goal is to build a powerful gaming computer, then it is better to take a processor without a built-in graphics core and then buy a powerful video card. Considering that it costs a lot, and many still have to save some time for it, a processor with a built-in video card can be useful in this case too.

What is processor bit depth, and is it so important?

The processor capacity shows how many bits the computer can process in one clock cycle. This setting affects performance. Currently the most commonly used processors are 32 and 64 bit, there are also 128-bit processors, but their segment is still very limited.

Is a 64-bit processor always better than a 32-bit processor, and what are the differences? If the processor has 2 cores and 2-3 GB of RAM is used, then you will not feel the difference. A 64-bit processor when using multi-core processors can significantly improve performance when running 64-bit applications. To be fair, it is worth noting that an increase in productivity will not always be noticeable.

The main advantageous difference between 64-bit processors– this is the ability to work with RAM of 4 GB or more. If you have even 8 GB of RAM in your computer, the 32-bit processor will see and use only 3.75 GB of them.

Heat dissipation

The more powerful processor, the more it heats up. It’s good that improving the technical process can significantly reduce heating. Today, the TDP value, W, is used to assess heat dissipation. The lower the value, the less heat generation. In laptop computers, everything is well calculated, installed and works without additional cooling. If you need to build a very powerful computer, then you will hardly be able to do without a cooler built into the processor (such models are marked as BOX, without a cooler - OEM).

If the TDP of the system 60 W or less, then even the complete or most simple system cooling. When heat is generated up to 95 W It’s better to take high-quality medium format fans – the kit ones won’t do the job. At TDP 125 W or more You can't do without a tower cooler with several copper pipes.

Unlocked multiplier

If you are going to overclock the processor, then make sure that this can be done using standard methods. It is important that the function of changing the multiplier is supported by the motherboard.

AMD or Intel – which is better?

There is no and cannot be an objective answer to this question. Thousands of pages on the Internet have been created on this topic; disputes sometimes turn into scandals with the use of obscene language - this is how users defend the products of their favorite manufacturer. Often, all these disputes resemble attempts to figure out which is better, pineapple or sausage - there cannot be a consensus here.

In some segments better than AMD, in some - Intel, but often even these opinions are subjective, so when choosing, rely purely on your subjective opinion - we will not interfere with you. Well, for those who have not yet decided on their subjective opinion, we will present a few facts.

The competition between the two leaders is fierce, but it is believed that Intel produces more powerful processors that AMD cannot keep up with, and AMD, in turn, offers the best budget solutions. But this opinion is too generalized, since Intel also has good inexpensive processors, and AMD offers good top-end solutions. In terms of durability and reliability, the products of both companies are equal.

To decide which processor is better, AMD or Intel, you need to clearly determine your goals and answer the question of why the computer is being assembled. Moreover, the number of cores and frequency do not always determine performance - it’s all about completely different architecture. Therefore, use special sites where you can view test results, compare with analogues and see which tasks a particular processor copes best with.

We understand that we are touching on a very sensitive and controversial topic, but still, let’s talk about the common advantages of the processors of the two companies.

Advantages of processorsIntel:

• high performance and speed. Work with RAM is better optimized than that of AMD;
• a large number of games and programs that are optimized specifically for Intel;
• L2 and L3 cache often operates at higher speeds than on AMD processors;
• lower power consumption.

Disadvantages of processorsIntel:

• higher price;
• they are inferior to AMD processors in multitasking, despite the fact that they are superior when working with a single process;
• strong binding to specific sockets, so when buying a new process you will most likely have to change the motherboard.

Recently there was a real scandal. In processors from Intel it was detected vulnerability, which allows third-party malicious programs to gain access to the structure of a protected part of the kernel memory and discover where confidential information is stored. Our passwords, messages, photos and payment card data can be read and used by criminals. Troubleshooting and emergency update operating system will slow down computers by 20-30%. While the company was trying to resolve the conflict, it turned out that such There is also a vulnerability in processors fromAMD.

Advantages of processors fromAMD:

• affordable price, so many recognize the manufacturer’s processors as the best in terms of price/quality ratio;
• multitasking;
• multiplatform;
• The company's modern processors have good overclocking potential, so they are catching up with Intel in terms of performance.

Disadvantages of processors fromAMD:

The best processors of 2018

Best Intel Processors 2018

The kings of performance, Intel processors come in different price ranges. IN in the budget sector these are the Celeron and Pentium lines. By the way, in terms of performance they are superior to those similar in cost. AMD processors, but are inferior to them in multitasking. Processors suitable for entry-level gaming PCs and multimedia computers Core i3 , for more powerful ones - Core i5 , for the most powerful gaming – Core i7 .

Core i7-7700K

Despite the existence of more productive Core i7-6950X, Intel Core i7-7820X, Intel Core i9-7900X and some others, the Core i7-7700K can be considered the most balanced in terms of price and quality. Frequency 4.2-4.7 GHz, 4 cores in reserve, there is a built-in video card, but it’s not enough for top games, but with the launch of video in the very high resolution she can handle it easily. Price about 400$.

Core i7-6950X Extreme Edition

It is obscenely expensive (about $1,700), is equipped with 10 cores, has 25 MB of third-level cache, has a frequency of 3 GHz, and supports Hyper-Threading technology. Power and strength! However, for assembling a gaming computer, the processor capabilities will be too much. This solution is only for those who use very specific and highly demanding programs, and even then it is possible to find a suitable solution at a cheaper price.

Core i5-7500

If you want to build a gaming PC, but the budget for purchasing a processor is modest, then a Core i5-7500 for $200 is a good solution. Performance and third-level cache (6 MB versus 8 MB) are almost as good as the Core i7-7700K, and if you have a good video card, the processor can handle any game. There is a built-in graphics core that supports 4K video. 4 cores operate at a frequency of 3.4-3.8 GHz.

Core i3-7100

Two cores, four threads, 3.9 GHz frequency and low power consumption combined with affordable price($110-170) makes this processor a people's favorite. Users note that when using enough RAM and graphics memory, this processor can even handle games where the requirements include Core i5 and Core i7.

Pentium G4560

The processor has 2 cores, but 4 threads, frequency 3.5 GHz. The cost is about $70, so if you need to build an inexpensive gaming PC, then this is a good option. It cannot be compared with more expensive solutions, but if you have an appropriate video card, it will run modern games at minimum settings, older and less demanding games will generally fly.

Pentium Haswell

Not a bad option for an office PC. There are 2 cores, integrated GPU, frequency 2.3-3.6 GHz. The volume of the third level cache is 3 MB. The heat generation is low. Cost about $85.

Celeron Skylake

A simple, inexpensive processor for computers designed to work with documents, browsers, and watch videos. Main characteristics: 2 cores, frequency 2.6-2.9 GHz, third level cache 2 MB, minimal heat dissipation, has a graphics core. Cost $45.

Best AMD processors 2018

Ruler budget processors – Sempron, Athlon, Phenom, A4 and A6. A8 and A10 can be used for multimedia and simple games, series FX– for middle-class gaming computers, and Ryzen These are top processors. You can purchase AMD processors on the website: potential buyers are presented with all the modern developments of AMD, as well as photographs of models, detailed lists of characteristics, brief descriptions and instruction manuals. To make it easier for you, we have selected several of the most interesting models suitable for different tasks.

Ryzen Threadripper 1920X

The honorable first place goes to the processor from the flagship Ryzen series – Threadripper 1920X. The 12-core “beast” with a clock frequency of 3.5-4 GHz simply could not remain outside our rating. An incredible 24 threads allow you to get the most out of your personal computer's performance. The processor is equipped with DDR4 memory (4 channels) with error correction function, which guarantees extremely high speed data transmission. Cost about $990.

Ryzen 7 1800X

Second place also goes to the Ryzen representative – 7 1800X. This processor differs from the leader in the lack of virtualization technology, the number of cores (Ryzen 7 has eight) and, accordingly, threads (16), as well as RAM channels. There is support for an unlocked multiplier. This model Great for gamers - it runs 3D games and modeling programs even at maximum settings. Costs about $480.

Ryzen 5 1600X

The top three also includes the Ryzen 5 1600X, a strong rival to the competing Core i5 family. Its characteristics are, first of all, 6 cores/12 threads, Socket AM4 connector and two channels of RAM. Frequency – 3.6 GHz with the possibility of overclocking to 4 GHz. There is support for an unlocked multiplier. Costs about $260.

AMD A10-7860K

In fourth place is a powerful 4-core processor designed for home PCs and office use. Model with integrated graphics. Clock frequency – 3.6 GHz. It copes well with running games online (medium settings) with good performance and without overheating the hardware. Price about $100.

AMD FX-6300

A good alternative to productive solutions from Intel. The processor operates with 6 cores, has an unlocked multiplier, and a clock frequency of 3.5 GHz with the ability to overclock to 4.1 GHz. Socket – Socket AM3+. Performance is good, suitable for games and demanding applications, there is no built-in graphics core. Cost about $85.

Athlon X4 880K

The TOP model from the Athlon 880K family is closed - a 4-core processor for home PCs. The clock frequency of the model is 4.0-4.2 GHz. Included with the Radeon Athlon 880K video card, it produces excellent performance and demonstrates everything positive traits AMD products. Cost $84.

There is also a more budget-friendly solution from this series. The Athlon X4 860K runs on 4 cores, 3.7 GHz, but there is no integrated graphics core. Cost $45.

You can still write a lot, argue for a long time, argue, test and reflect. We’ll wrap it up here and leave you alone with your thoughts.

Good day and my respects, dear readers, visitors, passing individuals and... in general, everyone who reads these lines. Today we'll talk about which processor to choose and how to do it.

Many of us want to always have adequate computer hardware at hand. good quality and powerful power, and even at an affordable price.

However, despite our wishes, not everyone (I would even say only a few) are able to immediately name all the main criteria for choosing a particular computer component. And if they somehow cope with the video card, then when it comes to the brain of everything and everyone, namely the central processor, then this is where the absolute ambush begins.

Therefore, we once again (for, as many remember, there were already articles on choice, and much more) decided to lend a helping hand to everyone in need and talk about how to choose the right processor, namely, what you need to know, what to look for pay attention to what characteristics there are and all that stuff.

In general, today we are waiting for an article from the series: “I want to buy a processor, but I don’t know what to look for.. Can you tell me?”

In short, make yourself comfortable and... Let's go!

Which processor to choose - main characteristics

As I said, the article will be as practical as possible, so we won’t rant for a long time about what a CPU is and what it’s needed for, but let’s get straight to the point.

We have already touched upon the topic of processors in articles such as and , however, questions are constantly pouring in from readers, they say, give clear instructions on what and how to buy.

And since the project is, so to speak, social (we take into account the “wants” of visitors), without thinking twice we decided to cover this issue in as much detail as possible.

Note:
Very often we have to deal with a situation where users buy various sophisticated and expensive ones in the hope that everything will fly and run at once, but the processor is not given due attention, after which it slows down the entire system, because it simply cannot provide all the necessary agility and nimbleness to everyone other working subsystems and components.

Therefore, knowledge of the basic parameters is necessary first of all in order to assess the realistically possible computing performance future system. It turns out that by focusing on the characteristics of the processor, you will be able to fully reveal the potential of all the components of your computer brother.

Actually, here's what you have to decide on when choosing a processor:

• Manufacturer brand (Intel or AMD);
• Technical production process;
• Marking and architecture;
• CPU platform or connector type (socket);
• Processor clock speed;
• Bit depth;
• Number of Cores;
• Multithreading;
• Cache memory;
• Power consumption and cooling;
• Branded bells and whistles of technology.

Conclusion . Which processor should I choose based on this? If you are a supporter of all kinds of laptops and similar portable devices, then you shouldn’t pay much attention to TDP and all sorts of fans - everything is already calculated and installed for you. If you want to assemble a high-performance desktop system, then you need to take a serious “cooler”.

Built-in graphics core

With the development of the technological process for producing processors, it became possible to place various chips inside the CPU, in particular the graphics core.

This solution is convenient because you do not need to buy a separate video card. It is aimed mainly at the budget sector (office environment), where the graphic capabilities of the system are secondary. AMD is building into its computing processors Radeon HD video chips, such a single element is called APU (accelerated processing unit).

Conclusion . Which processor should I choose based on this? If your goal is a budget computer in which graphics do not play an important role (well, you don’t play powerful games, don’t do 3D design, etc., etc., but just watch movies, surf the Internet, etc., etc.), then A hybrid processor with a built-in video core is what the doctor ordered, cheap and cheerful, so to speak. If you need video power, then, of course, there is no point in spending money on a processor with a video core - better.

All sorts of proprietary technologies

Over such a long period of existence of processors, their manufacturers have acquired their own “bells and whistles” - additional functions, accelerating and expanding computing power CPU. For example, here are some of them.

From AMD:

• 3DNow!, SSE (instructions) – acceleration of work in multimedia computing;
• AMD64 – work with 64-bit instructions, as well as 32-bit architectures;
• AMD Turbo Core - analogue of Intel Turbo Boost;
• Cool'n'Quiet - reduced power consumption by reducing the multiplier and core voltage.

From Intel:

• Hyper Threading – creation of two virtual (logical) computing cores for each physical core;
• Intel Turbo Boost – increases CPU frequency depending on core load;
• Intel Virtualization Technology – run multiple operating systems simultaneously without loss of performance.

Conclusion . Which processor should I choose based on this? Of course, additional “goodies” in the form of proprietary technologies are not something you should base your choice of CPU on, but no one is stopping you from getting them for free as a pleasant bonus, the main thing is to decide what is needed.

So, the last thing for today is...

Processor marking

It is very important to be able to read and correctly interpret processor markings, because stores are different, sellers are not always honest, but hardly anyone wants to shell out an extra N-thousand rubles for an incomprehensible “stone,” and therefore it is important to be able to read processor markings. Let's look at it using a specific example, for example, for the manufacturer AMD.

IN general view The markings from AMD (for the Family 10h generation) can be represented as follows (see image):

The decryption will be as follows:

Processor brand (1). The following characters are possible:

• A – AMD Athlon;
• H – AMD Phenom;
• S – AMD Sempron;
• O – AMD Optheron.

Purpose of the processor (2). Options:

• D – desktop – for workstations or desktop PCs;
• E – embedded server – for dedicated servers;
• S – server – for servers.

Processor model (3). Possible designations:

• E – energy efficient processors;
• X – blocked multiplier;
• Z – unlocked multiplier.

Thermal package and cooling system class (4). The data is taken from the table (see image):

Processor housing (5). The data is taken from the table (see image).

Number of cores (6). Values ​​from 2 to C (12).

Cache memory size (7). Data from the table (see image).

Processor revision or stepping (8). Data from the table (see image).

So, based on the data in the table, you can easily determine what kind of processor we have in front of us, for example, judging by the model below (see image), we have it in front of us..

AMD processor labeled HDZ560WFK2DGM, which means:

• H – CPU of the AMD Phenom family;
• D – purpose: workstations/desktop PCs;
• Z560 – processor model number 560 (Z - with a free multiplier);
• WF – TDP up to 95 W;
• K – the processor is packaged in a 938 pin OµPGA (Socket AM3) case;
• 2 – total number of active cores;
• D – L2 cache size 512 KB and L3 cache size 6144 KB;
And so on;
• , - perhaps the best choice in terms of price-quality ratio of SSD (and not only). The prices are quite reasonable, although the range is not always ideal in terms of variety. The key advantage is the guarantee, which really allows you to change the product within 14 days without any questions, and in case of warranty problems, the store will take your side and help solve any problems. The author of the site has been using it for at least 10 years (since the time when they were part of Ultra Electoronics), which he advises you to do;
• , is one of the oldest stores on the market; the company has been around for about 20 years. Decent selection, average prices and one of the most convenient sites. Overall a pleasure to work with.

The choice, traditionally, is yours. Of course, no one has canceled all sorts of Yandex.Markets, but of the good stores I would recommend these, and not some MVideo and other large networks (which are often not only expensive, but defective in terms of quality of service, warranty work etc.).

Afterword

Today we found out in as much detail as possible which processor to choose and how to do it correctly, i.e. what you can pay attention to when purchasing it.

The information is quite specific and technical, perhaps difficult and unusual for some, so if you haven’t learned something, read it again, and then again, then open the price list and try to make several options for selecting processors for different needs.

Then reread again, then select again. In general, and so on in a circle until you get your hands on it :)

We have fulfilled our good mission, which means it’s time to say goodbye for a while.
As always, if you have any questions, additions, thanks, etc., feel free to write comments.

P.S. Thanks to team member 25 KADR for the existence of this article

The processor is the main part of any computer device. But many users have a very poor understanding of what a processor is in a computer and what function it performs. Although in modern world This important information, knowing which you can avoid many serious misconceptions. If you want to learn more about the chip that powers your computer, you've come to the right place. In this article, you will learn what a processor is for and how it affects the performance of the entire device.

What is a central processing unit

In this case, we are talking about the central processor. After all, there are others in the computer, for example, a video processor.

The central processing unit is the main part of the computer, which is the electronic unit or integrated circuit. It executes machine instructions, or program code, and is the basis hardware devices.

Simply put, it is the heart and brain of the computer. It is thanks to him that everything else works, he processes data flows and manages the operation of all parts of the overall system.

If you look at the processor physically, it is a small, thin, square circuit board. It is small in size and covered with a metal lid on top.

The lower part of the chip is occupied by contacts, through which the chipset interacts with the rest of the system. Opening the lid system unit of your computer, you can easily find the processor unless it is covered by the cooling system.

Until the CPU issues the appropriate command, the computer will not be able to carry out even the most simple operation, for example, adding two numbers. Whatever you want to do on your PC, every action involves accessing the processor. That is why it is such an important component of a computer.

Modern central processors are capable of not only coping with their main tasks, but can also partially replace a video card. New chips are produced with a separate space for performing video controller functions.

This video controller performs all the basic necessary actions, which are needed from the video card. In this case, RAM is used as video memory. But do not be mistaken that a powerful modern processor can completely replace a video card.

Even middle class video cards leave video controller processors far behind. So, a computer option without a video card is only suitable for office devices that do not require performing any complex graphics-related tasks.

In such cases, there really is an opportunity to save money. After all, you can just have a processor chipset with a good video controller and not spend money on a video card.

How the processor works

We seem to have figured out what a processor is. But how does it work? It's a long and complicated process, but once you get the hang of it, it's quite easy. Principle of operation central processor can be considered step by step.

First, the program is loaded into RAM, from where it gets all the necessary information and a set of commands that must be executed by the processor control unit. All this data then goes into buffer memory, the so-called processor cache.

Information comes out of the buffer, which is divided into two types: instructions and values. Both of them end up in registers. Registers are memory cells built into the chipset. They also come in two types, depending on the type of information they receive: instruction registers and data registers.

One of components The CPU is an arithmetic logic unit. It deals with performing information transformations using arithmetic and logical calculations.

This is where the data from the registers goes. After this, the arithmetic-logical unit reads the incoming data and executes the commands that are necessary to process the resulting numbers.

Here we are again faced with a split. The final results are divided into completed and unfinished. They go back to the registers, and the completed ones go to the buffer memory.

The processor cache consists of two main levels: upper and lower. The most recent commands and data are sent to the upper cache, and those that are not in use go to the lower cache.

That is, all information located at the third level moves to the second, from which, in turn, the data goes to the first. On the contrary, unnecessary data is sent to the lower level.

After the computational cycle is completed, its results are again recorded in the computer's RAM. This occurs to ensure that the CPU cache is freed up and available for new operations.

But sometimes there are situations when the buffer memory is completely full, and there is no room for new operations. In this case, data that is not currently in use goes into RAM or to the lower level of processor memory.

Types of processors

Having understood the principle of operation of the CPU, it’s time to compare its different types. There are many types of processor. There are both weak single-core models and powerful devices with multiple cores. There are those that are intended exclusively for office work, and there are those that are necessary for the most modern games.

At the moment, there are two main creators of processors - AMD and Intel. They are the ones who produce the most current and in-demand chips. You need to understand that the difference between the chips from these two companies is not in the number of cores or overall performance, but in the architecture.

That is, the products of these two companies are built according to different principles. And each creator has his own unique type of processor, which has a structure different from its competitor.

It should be noted that both options have their own strengths and weak sides. For example, Intel differs in the following pros :

• Less energy consumption;
• Most hardware creators focus specifically on interaction with Intel processors;
• Gaming performance is higher;
• Intel interacts more easily with computer RAM;
• Operations that require only one program are performed faster on Intel.

At the same time, there are also their own minuses :

• Typically the cost Intel chipsets more expensive than the AMD analogue;
• When working with several heavy programs, performance decreases;
• The graphics cores are weaker than those of the competitor.

AMD differs as follows advantages:

• Much better value for money;
• Capable of ensuring reliable operation of the entire system;
• It is possible to overclock the processor, increasing its power by 10-20%;
• More powerful integrated graphics cores.

However, AMD is inferior in the following parameters:

• Interaction with RAM is worse;
• More energy is spent on processor operation;
• The operating frequency at the second and third levels of buffer memory is lower;
• Gaming performance is lower.

Although there are pros and cons, companies continue to produce the best processors. You just have to choose which one is preferable for you. After all, it is impossible to say unequivocally that one company is better than another.

Main characteristics

So, we have already figured out that one of the main characteristics of a processor is its developer. But there are a number of parameters that you need to pay even more attention to when purchasing.

Let's not stray too far from the brand and mention that there are different series of chips. Each manufacturer produces its own lines in different price categories, created for different tasks. Another related parameter is the CPU architecture. In fact, these are its internal organs, on which the entire operation of the chip depends.

Not the most obvious, but very important parameter- this is a socket. The fact is that on the processor itself the socket must coincide with the corresponding socket on the motherboard.

Otherwise, you will not be able to combine these two essential components any computer. So, when assembling a system unit, you either need to buy a motherboard and look for a chipset for it, or vice versa.

Now it's time to figure out what processor characteristics affect its performance. Without a doubt, the main one is the clock speed. This is the volume of operations that can be performed in a certain unit of time.

This indicator is measured in megahertz. So what does the clock speed of the chip affect? Since it indicates the number of operations per certain time, it’s not difficult to guess that the speed of the device depends on it.

Another important indicator is the amount of buffer memory. As mentioned earlier, it can be upper and lower. It also affects processor performance.

A CPU can have one or more cores. Multi-core models are more expensive. But what does the number of cores affect? This characteristic determines the power of the device. The more cores, the more powerful the device.

Conclusion

The central processor plays not just one of the most important, but one might even say the main role in the operation of the computer. The performance of the entire device, as well as the tasks for which it can generally be used, will depend on it.

But this does not mean that it is necessary to buy the most powerful processor for an average computer. Choose the optimal model that will meet your requirements.

CPU. Why is it needed? The processor controls data flows using special instructions. It's like programming in Pascal or C++. You create some condition for it using a mouse click and it starts working according to the program built into it.

In the processor characteristics we can see the number of cores and clock speed. What does it mean? Let's figure it out:

Clock frequency

As we know from our experience (gamers for sure) - the higher this clock frequency, the better the processor. More powerful. Yes it is. After all, the larger it is, the more calculations the processor can perform. those. The higher the clock frequency, the more operations the processor can perform per unit time.

Cores

These are a kind of “workers”. The more there are, the easier it is for them. More details: Each core has a clock speed. It works, it works and suddenly stops coping with this operation. Here the second core comes to his aid, etc. The more cores a computer has, the easier it is to handle various operations. To put it very simply, having an 8-core processor you can simultaneously play games, surf VKontakte, listen to music, download all sorts of movies, play one more game, etc.

But speaking about games, you need to take into account the video card, which may not be able to handle 2 games at once. Well, more on that in another article. In general, if you have 1 core, you won’t be able to do this. It will be too hard for him.

Technical process

You can find this in the specifications as well. The technical process does not affect the performance of the processor at all, but it is what affects the INCREASE in the performance of the processor. The technical process is, in a way, the size of the transistors. The smaller it is, the more such transistors can fit in the processor. By the way, if there is a lot of it, the processor will heat up more due to the large size of the transistors. (The higher the process technology, the hotter the processor gets)

Well, that's the main thing about the processor. I think it’s not worth delving into the very depths. This information is enough to choose a computer with a processor for games, work and other things.