What computer programs to include in your resume. What standard programs should be on the computer?
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..2
1. Main application programs…………………………………………………………….3
2. Standard programs of the Windows operating system………………….4
2.1. Notepad………………………………………………………………….4
2.2. Calculator……………………………………………………………......5
2.3. WordPad text editor……………………………………………………5
2.4. Graphic editor Paint………………………………………………………..6
3. Description of the Microsoft Office package………………………………………………………8
3.1. Large application programs………………………………………….9
3.2. Helper programs……………………………………………...10
Introduction
Application- a set of interrelated programs for creating and modifying objects (documents), as well as for managing objects of a certain type.
All programs can be divided into two groups - standard (or built-in) and additional.
Standard Windows operating system programs
Standard programs are part of the Windows operating system itself (WordPad text editor, Paint graphics editor, virtual calculator and much more). They are very diverse and allow you to work with texts, images, music and sounds, scan, print and even play, as well as test your computer and optimize its operation.
Additional programs - These are those programs that are purchased and installed independently, in addition to the standard Windows package.
To enter the standard programs, run the command Start/Programs/Accessories, and then specify the name of the desired program:
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Program Notebook is a fairly simple text editor for working with small files (up to 40 KB), usually in the format *.txt. Text editor - a program designed for creating, editing and viewing text documents. Text editor Notepad takes up little RAM, and therefore it is convenient to use for making short notes, notes, editing batch files, as well as for exchanging text fragments between separate applications using the clipboard. Notepad provides limited means for document design; For example, in this program you cannot use different fonts for individual parts of a text document, but you can change the font type, size and style throughout the entire document. Save a Notepad document, like a document of any other Windows application, can be accessed using the menu command FILE = Save or FILE = Save as. The Notepad program is convenient to use for logging records with automatic indication of the date of their creation.
Calculator
The Windows calculator is used to perform relatively simple calculations and works much the same as a regular pocket calculator. The Windows calculator has memory for storing intermediate calculation results. There are two calculator options on Windows: Normal and Engineering. Switching between these modes is done using menu commands VIEW in the program window Calculator .
Engineering The calculator, in addition, allows you to calculate standard mathematical functions and perform quite complex, for example statistical, calculations. The results of the calculator's calculations can be copied to the Clipboard. In addition, you can paste numerical data from the clipboard into the display line of the calculator for use in subsequent calculations using the calculator. You can perform calculations using the mouse by clicking on the corresponding buttons on the calculator panel - numbers, operators, etc., or using the keyboard by pressing the keys that coincide with the calculator buttons shown on the screen. Detailed information about all the functions of conventional and engineering calculators can be obtained using the item "?" in the horizontal menu bar of the calculator window.
WordPad word processor
WordPad program is a modern, relatively simple word processor. The WordPad word processor has many more features than the Notepad editor. WordPad replaces the Write editor that was included with earlier versions of Windows. Word processors, in addition to performing the main functions of text editors for creating and editing text documents, perform another function - formatting documents. Formatting is the processing of documents using several font sets, using text alignment methods, embedding objects of a different nature, such as drawings, into a text document, as well as controlling the flow of text around graphics.
The WordPad program supports the technology of inserting and embedding objects, and when exchanging data between WordPad applications it can be like server(source) and client(receiver). Although WordPad is notably inferior to the more powerful word processor Word, it can be widely used for creating documents containing formatted text, clipboard-pasted graphics, spreadsheets, and charts created in Excel. In addition, WordPad allows you to develop presentations with multimedia elements, including connecting audio, showing slides and even small videos.
The program allows you to set automatic word hyphenation, drag selected fragments in a document with the mouse, use context menus, provides a variety of options for formatting text and improving the appearance of the document, for example, the ability to set not only the font type and size, but also the color of any character or an entire piece of text etc. WordPad allows you to open and save files in three main formats:
1 in text format MS DOS- no formatting;
2 in tbext format RTF- with individual formatting elements;
3 in format Word 6.0- with a wide range of formatting elements. WordPad also allows you to open .wri files, documents created in the legacy Windows Write text editor. The WordPad word processor and the Paint program discussed below are single-window applications.
Graphic editor Paint
Program Paint- a relatively simple graphic editor that is included with Windows 95/98 and Windows NT. The Paint program allows you to create and edit arbitrary drawings, diagrams, drawings, diagrams, inscriptions, insert and edit ready-made objects created in other applications. Objects created in Paint can be saved as desktop wallpaper. Paint is an editor raster type: a graphic image in it is built from individual points - pixels. In addition to raster editors, graphic editors are also used to create graphic objects vector type. Vector images exist in the form of a set of mathematical formulas (graphic primitives) that describe the individual elements of the drawing. Vector graphics are easily scaled without loss of image quality, whereas when a raster image is enlarged, the outlines can take on a rough step-like character due to the increase in the size of the pixels that make it up. Vector-type editors include a graphic editor built into Microsoft Office applications (Word, Excel), Corel DRAW! etc. Some programs, for example Adobe Photoshop, when processing images, they allow you to combine raster and vector methods.
Drawings created in Paint can be:
1 save as files of various formats (see below);
2 print (using the menu command FILE= Print);
3 insert into documents created using other applications, such as Word-Pad, Word, Excel, etc.;
4 use as Windows wallpaper (background for the desktop surface) - using the appropriate menu commands FILE .
Drawings can be saved in one of four formats (*.bmp):
in the form of a black and white image;
as a 16-color drawing. This format has an extremely limited color gamut, but the file takes up little disk space;
in the form of a 256-color drawing. The file takes up twice as much disk space as if saved in 16-color format;
as a 24-bit image. This format provides the highest color quality, but the files take up a lot of disk space. You can learn more about drawing techniques, the purpose and capabilities of individual graphics editor tools using the help subsystem of the Paint program.
The address book
The Address Book is a convenient place to store contact information so you can easily query it from programs such as Outlook, Outlook Express, Internet Explorer, and NetMeeting. Here you can search for people and organizations, create groups of contacts for mail distribution, and send and receive electronic business cards.
To open your address book, click Start and select teams All programs , Standard And The address book .
Using the Command Line
Using the command line
MS-DOS (stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a command line operating system used on personal computers. Like other operating systems, such as OS/2, MS-DOS converts keyboard input into commands, organizes actions such as writing and reading from disks, displaying, keyboard control, and many other internal operations that enable programs and file organization.
MS-DOS commands are entered in the Command Prompt window. To end the MS-DOS session, enter exit in the command line window at the position of the flickering cursor.
MS-DOS mode is a shell that emulates the MS-DOS environment on 32-bit systems such as Windows. MS-DOS programs can run under Windows and also create a program description file (PIF) that appears as a shortcut on the desktop.
Synchronization
To sync offline items:
1.Start Synchronization Manager.
2. Select the check boxes next to the offline items you want to synchronize, such as next to a mapped network drive or a web page that is accessible offline in Internet Explorer.
3.Press the button Synchronization .
Program Compatibility Wizard
Using this wizard, you can configure compatibility settings that can solve problems with programs that worked correctly in previous versions of Windows. Warning: We do not recommend using this wizard for older antivirus programs, backup programs, or system programs.
Description of the entertainment software package
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"Volume"
Use the volume control to adjust the volume, balance, and tone of sounds played through your computer or media applications. In addition, the volume control can be used to adjust the level of system sounds, microphones, CDs, line input, synthesizer and wave output.
"Sound recording"
The Sound Recorder program is used to record, overdub, play and edit sound recordings. In addition, audio recordings can be linked to or inserted into other documents.
Windows Media Player
With Windows Media Player, you can play CDs and DVDs, create your own CDs, listen to radio broadcasts on the Internet, play movie clips or browse music videos on the Web, find and organize digital media files, and copy files to a portable device. You can use Windows Media Player to play various types of audio and video files.
Description of the composition of the communications software package
To select the desired program, run the following command:
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"Network connections"
The Network Connections component connects your local computer to the Internet, local network, or another computer. This tool allows you to access network resources and functionality regardless of how the user is connected to the network - directly or through remote access services. Operations for creating, configuring, saving connections and monitoring them are performed in the “Network Connections” folder.
"New Connection Wizard"
endofformbeginningofformSpecial New connection wizard Helps you create Internet connections using a dial-up modem, ISDN adapter, DSL line, or cable modem. Using this wizard, you can create inbound connections, direct connections, and virtual private network (VPN) connections. If a network adapter is installed on your computer, a local network connection is automatically created.
"Remote Desktop Connection"
Remote Desktop Connection makes it easy to connect to a terminal server or other computer running Windows. All that is needed is network access and permission to connect to another computer. If necessary, it is possible to specify the parameters of each connection and save them in a file for later use
Description of the composition of the "utility" software package
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"character tables"
A character table is used to insert special characters into documents, such as a trademark, mathematical symbols, or characters from character sets of other languages.
end of form start of form Using the Personal Symbol Editor
The Personal Character Editor is used to create unique letters and logos for your font library.
Using Windows Media Player
Using the Public Folders feature
The Public Folders component contains the following three categories.
· Resources: Shared folders on this computer.
· Sessions: User connections to this computer.
· Open files: Files on this computer that are currently open by users.
The Shared Folders component allows you to create, view shared files and folders, and set permissions to access them.
To open the Public Folders feature, follow these steps:
1.Open the Computer Management (local) node.
2.In the console tree, click the component "Shared Folders"
General information about the control panel
Control Panel contains customization tools that you can use to change the appearance and characteristics of various Windows components.
Some of these tools let you choose options that make using your computer more fun. For example, the Mouse component allows you to replace standard mouse pointers with animated icons that move around the screen, and the Sounds and Audio Devices component allows you to replace standard system sounds with sounds of your choice. Other components help you customize Windows to make your computer easier to manage. For example, a left-handed person can use the Mouse component to switch mouse buttons so that they can perform basic selecting and dragging operations using the right button.
To open the control panel, click the button Start and select a team Control Panel. If the classic menu style is selected Start, press the button Start, point to the command Settings and select Control Panel .
When you first open Control Panel, it will display your most frequently used items, grouped by category. To learn more about Control Panel items in Category view, hover over a category icon or name and read the tooltip text. To open an item, click its icon or category name. Some of these items open a list of tasks that the user can perform and also allow you to select individual Control Panel components. For example, if you select a category Design and themes, a list of tasks opens, such as Selecting a screen saver, along with individual control panel components.
If you don't see the feature you want when you open Control Panel, select Switch to classic view. To open a component, double-click its icon. To learn more about Control Panel items in Classic View, hover over the icon and read the tooltip text.
For more information about any item in Control Panel, select Help and Support.
Utilities
Using the Backup Program
The backup utility helps you create a copy of your data on your hard drive. If your original data is accidentally deleted, replaced, or becomes inaccessible due to hard drive failure, you can use a backup to restore it.
Using Disk Defragmenter
Some tasks may require you to log in as an Administrator or a member of the Administrators group.
Defragmentation software consolidates fragmented files and folders on your computer's hard drive so that each file or folder on the volume occupies a single, contiguous space. As a result, files and folders are accessed more efficiently. By merging individual pieces of files and folders, defragmentation software also consolidates free disk space into a single unit, making new files less likely to fragment.
Disk defragmentation can also be started from the command line using the defrag command.
Understanding Scheduled Tasks
Using the Task Scheduler, you can schedule a script to run, a program to run, or a document to be opened at the most convenient time. The Task Scheduler starts every time you start Windows XP and runs in the background.
The Task Scheduler allows you to:
· assign a task to be executed daily, weekly, monthly or at certain moments (for example, when the system starts);
· change the schedule for a task;
· stop performing the assigned task;
· configure the task launch mode at the appointed time.
end of form start of form Working with the System Information component
The System Information component collects and displays system configuration information. Technical support staff require certain information about your computer to troubleshoot system problems. The System Information component allows you to quickly find the information you need.
Using the Files and Settings Transfer Wizard
The Files and Settings Transfer Wizard helps you move data files and personal settings from your old computer to a new computer without having to repeat the setup steps you performed on your old computer on the new computer. For example, you can transfer personal screen properties, folder and taskbar settings, Internet browser settings, and email settings from your old computer to your new one. This wizard also moves some files or entire folders, such as My Documents, My Pictures, and Favorites. When you move program properties using the File Transfer Wizard, passwords are not transferred. This functionality of the Files and Settings Transfer Wizard helps you maintain the confidentiality of your passwords.
It is recommended that you install an antivirus program on your new computer before moving files from your old computer. This will help protect your new computer from viruses that may be contained in files transferred from your old computer.
Accessibility
Accessibility Wizard
The Accessibility Wizard guides you through the process of customizing your computer to suit your individual needs. Accessibility modes (such as Sticky Keys, closed captioning, and keyboard pointer control) help users with physical disabilities use their computers fully. Some of these features, such as keyboard pointer control, may be of interest to a wider range of users. Once accessibility features have been configured, they are accessed through the control panel and menus Special abilities .
Understanding the On-Screen Keyboard
On-screen keyboard is an application that displays a virtual keyboard on the screen and allows people with limited mobility to type on the screen using a mouse pointer or joystick. The on-screen keyboard is designed to make it easier for people with limited mobility.
The on-screen keyboard supports three data input modes.
· Mouse button mode, in which you click selected keys with the mouse button.
· Scanning mode, in which areas on the on-screen keyboard are highlighted in which you can enter characters by pressing a key combination or using a push-button input device.
· Waiting mode, in which during the waiting time the character is highlighted by the mouse pointer or joystick and after this time is printed automatically.
The on-screen keyboard also provides the following options:
· Display the extended keyboard with a numeric section or display the standard keyboard without a numeric section.
· Display the normal keyboard layout or the block layout, which groups the keys into rectangular blocks. The block keyboard layout is convenient in scanning mode.
· Displays the standard keyboard (101 keys), the universal keyboard (102 keys), or the keyboard with additional Japanese characters (106 keys).
· Using the mode Audio confirmation to provide a sound confirmation when a key is selected.
· Using the mode On top of other windows to keep the on-screen keyboard on the screen when switching between programs or windows.
Understanding Magnifier
Screen Magnifier makes it easier for people with visual impairments to use the screen. It displays a separate window in which an enlarged part of the screen is displayed. It's also easy to change the color scheme of the magnifying window to make it easier to see. You can move or resize the Magnifier window, or drag it to the edge of the screen and dock it there. A screen magnifier will certainly come in handy for people with low vision.
When using Screen Magnifier, you can do the following:
· change the degree of magnification;
· resize the magnifying glass window;
· change the position of the magnifying glass window on the desktop;
· reverse screen colors.
In addition, the magnifier has a number of tracking parameters providing the following modes:
· following the movements of the mouse pointer across the screen;
· following input focus (cursor position);
· follow text input.
When the Magnifier window is open, you can right-click it to change Magnifier settings or exit the program.
end of form start of form Understanding the Utility Manager
The Utility Manager allows you to check the status of accessibility programs, as well as start and stop them. Users with administrator level access can set programs to run when Utility Manager starts. Users can also launch utility programs before logging on to the computer by pressing the Windows key + UEndFormStartForm on the Welcome screen.
Using Utility Manager, you can set Windows to automatically launch accessibility programs whenever you log on, pin items on your desktop, or launch Utility Manager. For example, you can specify that Magnifier should start automatically when you log in. This will allow you to skip all the steps to open Magnifier every time you log in.
The built-in programs available from the Utility Manager are Magnifier, Narrator, and On-Screen Keyboard. Narrator runs when you start Utility Manager. This provides users with total or partial vision loss immediate access to the Utility Manager.
Conclusion
Today, almost every computer user needs general-purpose applications, which include: text and graphics editors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and applications for creating multimedia presentations. The most common general purpose application package today is Microsoft Office.
It is simply impossible to imagine modern life without modern technology. No company can do without the help of computers. Storing data, writing documents, drawing up graphs, tables, schedules, creating presentations - the computer helps us with all this, and helps us successfully.
We briefly looked at a standard Windows application, which consists of a Word text editor, an Excel spreadsheet, a PowerPoint presentation program and an Access database with which you can achieve all of the above.
Bibliography.
1. Alexander Starshinin Microsoft Office at a glance., St. Petersburg, 2003.
2. A. Levin. Self-instruction manual for useful programs. – M.: “Knowledge”, 2000. – 496 p., ill.
3. Volkov V.I. "A clear tutorial on how to work in Windows." Publishing house "Peter", St. Petersburg. 2001
4. Ed Bott Microsoft XP., BINOM, Moscow, 2003.
Introduction
The Windows operating system has a whole arsenal of simple and not only built-in programs, which are not a sin to use in the absence of more professional analogues, and for novice PC users who have just begun their journey in the world of high computer technology, they will be a good platform for starting and learning. Using standard programs, you can draw, type text documents, communicate by email, watch movies and listen to music.
1. Task Manager
The task manager is used to display key performance indicators of your computer. It displays information about programs and processes running on your computer. For running programs, you can view their status and terminate programs that have stopped responding. Additionally, if your computer is connected to a network, you can view the network status and operating parameters.
In order to launch the Windows Task Manager, you need to simultaneously press three buttons - Ctrl+Alt+Del. A program window will appear.
2. Disk check
During PC operation, malfunctions may sometimes occur in both software (including the operating system) and hardware (for example, due to a simple power outage). As a result, errors may occur in the file system - this is when information about a particular file or directory no longer corresponds to reality.
3. Disk Cleanup
Free space tends to shrink even on the most capacious hard drives. Therefore, you should ensure that there is always enough free space. This problem is partly solved by the Disk Cleanup program, which quite successfully deals with the obviously unnecessary contents of your hard drive.
A number of programs, in particular Microsoft Internet Explorer, waste a lot of disk space storing various temporary files. Temporary files are created when installing new programs, as well as when running already installed ones. As a rule, such files are written to a folder specially designated for this purpose - TEMP, located in the Windows directory. Theoretically, a program that places files there should delete them, but in practice this does not always happen.
You can call the disk cleanup program from the main Windows menu (All Programs->Accessories->Utilities), or, like checking, from the disk context menu. In the first case, you will first be asked to select the disk that you plan to clean. Then the cleaning program window itself will open.
4. Disk defragmentation
Another way to improve computer performance is to defragment the disk. Since the file subsystem divides the disk into clusters into which files are stored, it is quite reasonable to assume that as the file size grows, it will occupy more and more clusters. It’s good if there is free space nearby, but often there isn’t one. As a result, different parts of the file end up scattered across the entire surface of the disk. Such files are called fragmented. In principle, there is nothing wrong with this, since the system has information about the location of all parts of the file, but the time required to read a fragmented file requires significantly more.
The defragmentation program is designed to collect files into a single whole. If you launch it from the main menu, you will first have to select a disk from the list to defragment. If you use the context menu of the disk and call the defragmentation program from the Tools tab, the disk will already be selected. Then you can immediately begin defragmentation, or analyze its need using analysis (it allows you to find out the degree of fragmentation of files).
5. Disk archiving
One of the ways to protect important information from loss is its regular archiving, or, as it is more often called, backup. For this purpose, Windows provides a special program - Data Archiving. Like the two previous utilities, it can be called up from the Tools tab of disk properties or found in the main menu among utility programs.
The Windows archiving program is designed as a wizard. After the welcome screen, the user will be asked to choose an action - archiving or restoring from an archive. Leaving archiving selected, click next to select archiving objects. Since copying the entire contents of a disk, as a rule, is not practical, you should select specific files and directories to carry out this important procedure. Most often, the prime candidates for backup are the My Documents folder and perhaps a few others where the user saves their work. It is precisely this option - archiving a folder with documents, a desktop and files related to working on the Internet - that is offered by the Archiving Wizard.
6. System Restore
Another utility for recovering lost information is the System Restore service. Its fundamental difference from archiving is that it “protects” the settings of the OS itself, including installed device drivers, hardware profiles, etc. To provide this functionality, Windows regularly creates restore checkpoints, starting from the first time the system is started after it is installed on the computer. In addition, you can create a checkpoint yourself using the same recovery wizard.
To restore your computer to an earlier state, by running the Restore Wizard, you should make sure that the desired item is selected. Then you need to click next. After that, in the calendar, select the day on which the system was fully operational (days with restore points are marked in bold) and click next. Now the recovery point has been selected, but the recovery process itself has not yet begun: before starting the recovery, you must close all files and programs! After making sure that all programs and files are closed and the desired restore point is selected, click Next. After some time, the computer will restart with the settings that existed at the time the checkpoint was created. In this case, all documents created by the user, of course, will remain in their place.
7. Symbol table
Sometimes there is a need to enter into a text document a character that is not on the keyboard itself. In this case, a special program - Symbol Table - will come in handy. With its help, you can select any character from those available in the font. To do this, you should either specify the desired symbol and press Enter, or double-click on it with the mouse. If you click only once or move around the table using the arrows, the currently selected symbol will be displayed enlarged in its own window.
8. Calculator
The program emulates a real calculator. It has 2 operating modes - normal and engineering. The first provides the simplest set of operations on numbers. The second one has various mathematical functions. Calculations can be carried out in binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal number systems. In the decimal number system it works with degrees, radians and gradients. The calculator can calculate trigonometric functions, natural and decimal logarithms, factorial, and any powers. There is statistics (Sta) of calculations, which can sometimes be very useful. Of course, there is also ordinary memory (M+, MR, etc.). Can display the exact value of Pi (Pi) on the screen. There are built-in tools for increasing accuracy. Thus, if you divide 1 by 3, and then multiply the resulting number by 3, you will get exactly one, and not 0.99999... In addition, you can enter 32-digit numbers into the calculator! This is not your ordinary calculator with 10 - 18 digits.
9. Notepad
Much has already been written about this program. They said that it does not have many necessary functions, such as syntax highlighting for programming languages, encoding translation, etc. However, so far many users have not made a replacement for Notepad. Unfortunately, the program has very limited functions, such as word wrapping, inserting operating time (to do this, you need to have a .LOG entry in the first line of the file or press F5) and... that's all. The program can work with files no larger than 64 KB (in Windows, starting with XP, you can work with files of any size). However, it loads almost instantly even on the weakest machines and does not require installation.
10. Paint
A small graphics package included in Windows for processing raster graphics. The program is created for beginners. It has the following tools: eraser, fill, pencil, brush, spray, inscription, line, curve, rectangle, polygon, ellipse, rounded rectangle. There are no filters. Can do minimal technical actions - stretching, scaling, flipping, inverting colors. At a scale greater than 400%, it can display a pixel-by-pixel grid. Can apply captions without any special effects. The program is not suitable for professional work. Corel DRAW or Adobe Illustrator are usually used to create graphics, and Adobe Photoshop is used for processing.
11. WordPad
WordPad is a small editor that, unlike Notepad, is capable of minor text formatting, for example, you can make text italic and bold, create lists, and set alignment. It is possible to insert objects using other programs (drawings, sound recordings, etc.) Can process files larger than 64 KB. The main big disadvantage of this program is the lack of tables. With Microsoft Word, users rarely use WordPad.
12. Clipboard
This utility is used to view the contents of the clipboard. If necessary, you can clean it. It is possible to save and open clipboard files (*.clp).
Literature
1. Aliev V.K. Computer science in tasks, examples, algorithms. - M.: Solon-R, 2001. - 143 p.
1. Baldin K.V., Utkin V.B. Computer science: A textbook for students. universities - M.: PROJECT, 2003. - 302 p.
2. Bezruchko V. T. Workshop on the course “Informatics”. Working in Windows, Word, Excel: Textbook. manual for universities, educational. in all areas of training. bachelors and masters and all specialists. prepared diploma specialist. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2004. - 272 p.
3. McCormick D. Secrets of working in Windows, Word, Excel: A complete guide for beginners / Igor Timonin (translated from English). - H.: Book Club "Family Leisure Club", 2007. - 240 p.
STANDARD WINDOWS APPLICATIONS
| Parameter name | Meaning |
| Article topic: | STANDARD WINDOWS APPLICATIONS |
| Rubric (thematic category) | Computers |
Windows includes a number of standard applications that are installed during system installation or can be added as they are extremely important (Control Panel>Add or Remove Programs). These applications include: the simplest text editor Notepad, WordPad text editor, Paint graphic editor, Imaging image viewer, Calculator, utilities, etc.
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These programs are accessed using the Start>Programs>Accessories command.
Let's look at some of them in more detail. And for the rest, we will give only a brief overview of the capabilities of standard programs (since working with them is intuitive and, in addition, you can always view help for each program).
Text editor WordPad.
The WordPad application is a full-fledged word processor that allows you to format pages and paragraphs - set page sizes and its orientation, text boundaries, paragraph indentation, align text, change fonts, but also insert graphic objects, sound fragments and video clips into the document, since it supports Object embedding and linking technology (OLE).
WordPad provides saving and reading documents in various formats (Word, RTF - Rich Text Format, supported by most word processors). It makes no sense to describe in detail how to work with the WordPad program, since it is similar to working with the MS Word word processor (working with it will be discussed below), which has more extensive capabilities.
Graphic editor Paint.
The Paint graphic editor replaced Paintbrush from Windows 3.x, but new functions were added to it that expand the possibilities of working with graphic objects: scaling the picture, stretching and rotating the image, saving the image as desktop wallpaper, etc.
The working area of the Paint window is usually called canvas. Drawing on it is done using the mouse. By fixing the left mouse button and moving it across the canvas, you can draw straight and curved lines, and using graphic primitives built into the editor (straight, curve, rectangle, oval, polygon, rectangle with rounded corners), build complex shapes. In addition, it is possible to use various methods of image design (filling, adjustable spray width, different shaped brushes). The graphic editor allows you to create text fragments, using different fonts and styles (italics, bold, underline).
The editor is controlled using the menu (File, Edit, View, Drawing, Options), as well as toolbars (tools for drawing and working with text). The tools are as follows:
- Selecting an area(arbitrary ■ or rectangular |::::| );
- Color replacement to background color (eraser ^_) And Fill main color **.;
- Copy color Z1 and Changing the scale images ^I ;
- Pencil with variable line thickness I and Brush y with a changeable shape;
- Spray primary color^ and Enter text information A 1 (valid only at image scale 1:1)
- Drawing straight line at any angle and Drawing a curved line \| G I;
- Drawing rectangle and Drawing a free-form polygon ElL^.;
- Drawing ellipse and Drawing a rectangle with rounded corners 0 1 ° I. Techniques for working in the Paint graphic editor.
1 To draw the correct shape, it is extremely important to select its type on the toolbar and, holding down the Shift key, form the image, stretching it in the desired direction until the shape of the required size is obtained.
2 To fill the image, set the desired color on the palette, then select Fill on the toolbar and click inside the closed contour of the shape (if the contour is not closed, the paint will splash out and fill the entire canvas).
3 When using the Polygon tool, you can draw any number of line segments; to get a filled object, it is extremely important to close it by connecting the starting and ending points.
4 To copy or move part of an image, it is essential to first select the desired area using the Select tool , and then:
Or execute the commands EditCopy or Edit>Cut (the selected image is copied or moved to the clipboard), Edit>Paste;
Or click the mouse inside the selected object and, while holding down the mouse button, drag it to a new location. If you hold down the Ctrl key at the same time, copying will be performed.
5 To change the canvas size, unit of measurement and type of palette used (color or black and white), use the Drawing-Attributes command.
6 To create a new picture, you can use the following methods:
In the Picture menu, select the Clear command;
From the File menu, select New.
7 If it is extremely important to change individual points (pixels) of the image, you can zoom in on part of the picture by executing the Scale command in one of the following ways:
View>Scale>Large;
Select the Zoom tool from the panel.
8 To make it easier to work in large image mode, you can set it to display a grid. To do this, execute the command View>Scale>Show Grid.
9 It is important to note that for the user to create their own colors by mixing them, one of the following methods is used:
Double-click on the palette;
Call the command Options>Change palette.
11 The generated picture can be rotated (Picture-Flip>Rotate), stretched (Picture>Stretch>Tilt) or reverse its colors using the Picture>Reverse Colors command.
12 Saving the created picture is carried out using the commands File>Save or File>Save As. The user is given the opportunity to save the image in the BMP graphic format (monochrome, if the picture does not contain color, 16-color - by default, 256-color - for pictures with a large number of colors, 24-bit - for multi-color scanned images).
Kodak Imaging Software. This program allows you to view, annotate and perform basic processing tasks
graphic documents, including faxes and scanned images.
Calculator program.
The calculator has two operating modes: normal, designed for simple calculations, and engineering, which provides access to many mathematical (including statistical) functions.
Portfolio program.
The briefcase is convenient when working with several copies of the same documents on different computers. It allows, for example, to reconcile copies of documents on laptop and desktop computers.
Communication program(HyperTerminal) allows you to establish a connection with a remote computer using a modem, even if it is not loaded with the Windows operating system. This program is also designed for sending and receiving files, connecting to electronic bulletin boards and other interactive services.
When the program is running, a communication protocol is maintained, which can be saved and then printed.
Disk Checker refers to utility programs and allows you to check your hard drive for logical and physical errors. After this, the damaged areas are corrected.
Defragmentation program refers to utility programs and allows you to speed up program execution by redistributing files and unused space on your hard drive.
System File Checker refers to utility programs. It is used to check the integrity of operating system files, restore them in case of damage, and also to unpack compressed files (such as drivers) from installation disks. System File Checker also allows you to back up existing files before restoring the original files. At the same time, the user has the opportunity to configure search conditions by folder names and file name extensions.
Program System Information refers to utility programs and collects system configuration information. The program contains a menu that allows you to open related sections of the system description. Technical support staff require certain information about your computer to troubleshoot system configuration problems. The System Information window allows you to quickly gather the information you need to troubleshoot problems.
System Monitor refers to utility programs. The program is used to monitor the performance of a computer or network. Each selected indicator is displayed on a chart, which is updated after 5 seconds.
Answers to questions that arise when working with the Windows operating system can be easily obtained by using the help system (command Start>Help).
STANDARD WINDOWS APPLICATIONS - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "STANDARD WINDOWS APPLICATIONS" 2017, 2018.
Tip Classification of fonts Classification of fonts is quite confusing and contradictory. But, despite the huge number of fonts based on their application, they can be divided into only 3 groups: · serif fonts (serif); · sans serif fonts (grotesques - sans serif); ... .
Note that a number of access objects (in particular, devices, OS registry, etc.) are not file system objects. Therefore, the problem arises of how to interpret the requirement “The security system must control access of subjects (users) to objects... .
In networks built on the Microsoft Windows NT Server platform, network client workstations are connected to dedicated servers, and the servers, in turn, are grouped into domains. Domains play a central role in Windows NT Server-based networks. Let's define a domain as a union of one or... [read more].
The user interface is the part of the program that users see when running it. The user interface usually consists of a main window or form and several controls such as buttons, text input fields, etc. These types of programs... .
Topic 3. Classification of computers Communication equipment. A hub (hub, switch) is a multi-channel device for connecting computers with communication channels (splitter). Bridge is a device that connects two networks using the same protocols... .
Creating and naming files A file is a named sequence of bytes of arbitrary length. Since this definition implies that a file can have zero length, the actual creation of a file consists of giving it a name and registering it... .
The Explorer program described above is one of the so-called standard programs. These programs are installed along with the operating system, and the list of them is quite wide: Calculator, Notepad, WordPad, Paint and many others. Let's give a brief description of some standard programs.
The calculator, like its desktop counterpart, is used to perform arithmetic and functional calculations. There are two options for the calculator: standard and scientific (Fig. 5.13), switching is done by selecting the appropriate command in the View menu. Help about the purpose of a particular Calculator button can be obtained using the context help.
The mouse cursor is used as a device for selecting one or another “key” of the calculator. For arithmetic calculations, you can type numbers and operation signs on the numeric field of the keyboard.
Rice. 5.13.
Using the engineering view of the calculator, you can additionally perform calculations in various number systems (binary, octal and hexadecimal); functional, statistical and logical calculations.
The use of number systems is convenient when performing some auxiliary operations. For example, when writing a Web page in HTML, color is generally specified as a hexadecimal number, which can be obtained by typing the decimal color value into the Calculator and changing the number system with the Hex key.
The function keys of an engineering calculator are used to find the values of forward and inverse functions. The inverse function is called by setting the 1pu flag, for example:
Arguments to trigonometric functions can be specified in degrees, radians, and grads.
The need to allocate special buttons for statistical calculations is caused by their widespread use. The statistics window is called up by button 81a. Data for calculations is entered into it using the button Oa. The remaining buttons are used to calculate the sum, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, etc.
The MC, MI, MB, M+ buttons are used to work with the memory register.
The Notepad program (Fig. 5.14) is a simple text editor. It allows you to process only one small text document at a time; does not support paragraph and font formatting; in general, it only allows you to type some text. Compared to the current word processing programs, Notepad looks extremely primitive, but that is why it is indispensable, for example, when writing a Web page in HTML code (other editors add a large amount of service information to the document, which significantly affects the file size).
A special place among standard programs is occupied by utility programs, in particular disk maintenance programs.
While working on a computer, the structure of information on the disk may be damaged. The most common file structure errors occur. Thus, sections of files remain on the disk that
Rice. 5.14.
The system considers them occupied with information, but at the same time does not assign them to any file (the so-called lost clusters). Another error is when the same section of the disk is recorded as belonging to two files at the same time (crossed files). Finally, the third type of error is when the file size does not match the value recorded in the file allocation table.
Often the disk itself fails at the physical level. This is common with floppy disks, especially if they have not been used with proper precautions. In this situation, it is necessary to mark the damaged areas of the disk accordingly so that they are not used in the future for recording information.
To correct these and many other errors, use the disk check program BsapsLzk (Fig. 5.15). It is designed to restore the structure of computer disks. It is recommended to run the program after any emergency situations, for example, during an emergency shutdown of the computer. For preventive reasons, it is recommended to check the disk regularly,
Automatically fix system errors Scan and repair bad sectors
Disk check Local disk (B:)
Check Disk Options
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Rice. 5.15. View of the BsapsPzk program window
approximately once a month (this period depends on the intensity of work with the disk).
The program is launched using the command START Programs -» Accessories -> System Tools -» Disk Check. In the Check Disk window, you need to specify the name of the disk to be checked and define the parameters. With the Standard option, only the file structure of the disk is checked; with the Full option, the disk surface is checked for the presence of bad sectors. The program can run in the background.
It is also recommended to run a program to check the surface quality of the floppy disk after each formatting. As a result, you can mark all bad sectors on the disk and reduce the likelihood of losing information.
A file written to disk is saved as a set of several minimal “pieces”, the size of which is determined by the physical and logical parameters of the disk. Typically, a file is written to sequentially located sectors, but during intensive work with the disk, when some files are deleted, others are written (including in place of deleted files), a situation arises when the file is written to sectors located in different parts of the disk.
When working with such a file, naturally, additional time is spent (for example, moving the heads that read information from the disk to another position, which is always slower than reading sectors). A situation may arise when the proportion of such fragmented files becomes significant (up to 10% or more) and the computer slows down. There are special programs that can rewrite files on disk so that they are saved in the form of sequentially readable sections. This process is called disk defragmentation.
The Defrag program allows you to defragment both regular and compressed disks.
Rice. 5.16. Defrag window
The program is launched using the command START -» Programs -» Accessories -» System Tools -> Disk Defragmentation. A window opens on the screen (Fig. 5.16), where you need to specify the name of the disk to be scanned and its type.
This program can run in the background. In practice, defragmentation occurs during pauses in the application program. However, if the application program writes to the disk, the defragmentation process will be restarted.
Help system №п(1о№ ХР
The yindows help system contains a huge amount of information about the operation of the operating system and computer and is designed to obtain quick information on the issue that arises. The help system starts with the operating system. One of the components of the help system is constantly located in the computer’s memory and displays “pop-up” tips on the screen that appear when you point at one of the desktop objects or any button in the application. They contain information about the actions associated with an object or button.
To call the Help window (Fig. 5.17), you need to select the corresponding command in the main menu or in program windows press the “P1” key or the “?” in the window title.
The Windows XP help system is integrated with MegaSec. Even the structure of the help itself is an HTM file organized as a page with frames (the window consists of two parts). The creation of a help system based on Verb technology has greatly simplified the use of the help system and obtaining help. Topics in Help are divided into topics, sections, and subsections. Each Help topic is located in the left frame of the Help window, making it easy to find the topic you're looking for. The names of sections and subsections are hyperlinks that lead you to the desired section.
The left frame has two more tabs: Index and Search. The Index tab provides a general, comprehensive list of Help topics, arranged in alphabetical order. At the top there is an input field in which you can enter keywords for
© Help and Support Center
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Help section
Request for support
New features of U/ts1osh$ XP
Music, videos, games and photos
Basics of working in
Protecting Your Computer: Security Basics
Networking and Internet
Working remotely
administration
Settings
computer
Special
possibilities
Printing and fax
Performance and Maintenance
Equipment
Elimination
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And Connection Invitation for Remote Assistance
Request support or search for information in newsgroups
Job selection
Updating your system using the Windows Update website
in Searching for compatible equipment and programs for
And Undoing changes using System Restore
c Use utilities to view computer information and diagnose problems
Did you know?
If you are connected to the Internet, this area displays links to Help and Support Center information. If you want to connect to the Internet right now, run the New Connection Wizard and create a connection through your Internet Service Provider.
Rice. 5.17. Help Window
search. As you type, the cursor in the list of topics moves; this circumstance is convenient to use to quickly jump to the desired element. On the Search tab, an advanced search option is implemented; topics can be found by keywords in the text of the help itself.
The right frame displays the help itself on the topic or section. It can contain text and graphic hyperlinks, pictures, text, animation, and a background picture can be embedded under the help text.
Above the two help frames is a toolbar that makes working with the help system easier. Back and Forward buttons make it easy to move from one section to another. L/e-help is used to launch the “online support service”. The Settings button is used to configure the interface and move from one section or topic to another. The Hide button removes the left frame from the screen and at the same time transforms into the Show button. The Hide Tabs command from the menu called up by the Options button works similarly.
The help system can be called not only by the user, but also by the operating system or application in cases where it is necessary to explain further actions or along with a message about the error of the command.
Some applications only partially use the help system to display help, or do not use it at all. One example of partial use of a help system is the MS Office application. It has additional help options, such as calling an interactive assistant that displays the help you need if an error occurs.
