Practical work No. 1

Subject: Educational Information Resources . Software installation.

Goals: study educational resources published on the Internet, get acquainted with popular resources for searching for educational information on a given topic.

The student must

know:

about the main educational resources and their purpose;

be able to:

search for educational information on a given topic in a distributed resource on the Internet.

Theoretical background.

The current stage of development of education is associated with the widespread use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) and the opportunities provided by global network Internet. In this regard, it becomes crucial remote access to educational resources published on the Internet, and the possibility of prompt communication between all participants in the educational process.

What do the statistics say?

Let us turn again to the experience of those who already use the Internet in their activities. One of the network resources, specializing in conducting surveys based on user orders (the same resource may be useful for you if you ever decide to conduct a survey yourself), conducted a study to find out information in what areas users most often search for on the Internet ? The answers are given in alphabetical order and opposite each of them the percentage of participants (out of a total of 100%) who noted this direction is indicated.

The results of a survey conducted by the server about what information on the Internet is most interesting to users.

Business

Home, family

Internet

Computers

Culture and art

Medicine and health

Science and education

Society

Entertainment, recreation

Reference information (weather, exchange rates, train and plane schedules, etc.)

Other

Below statistics of visits to one of the popular Russian-language search engines are provided Rambler - rating of the popularity of resources, where information about traffic to the relevant sections is collected and processed automatically.

Chapter

Popularity, %

Entertainment

12,90

Media and periodicals

11,29

Business and finance

5,95

Services

4,97

Classifiers

4,13

Sport

3,58

Games

3,40

MP3 (computer music recordings)

2,86

Policy

2,76

Computers

2,70

The statistics given above give you some opportunity to understand the range of interests and ratings of preferences of Internet users.

Thus, you see that no matter what question you ask, you can certainly get an answer to it via the Internet to one degree or another. And if you consider that there are specific specialists behind each resource, then you also get the opportunity to contact them with a question (for example, using email).

So, on the Internet you can find either a ready-made answer to any question you are interested in or, at least, specialists who could answer it for you (and most often both).

Possibilities of using Internet resources in education

The meaningful use of educational Internet resources is an opportunity to:

• present your own interesting ideas and developments to a wide audience;
• meet a lot of interesting materials colleagues;
• engage in joint work to study a problem and discuss the results;
• find friends and like-minded people among colleagues in different cities and countries;
• and maybe travel to other cities and countries to develop joint ideas and sum up the results;
• improve or learn a foreign language;
• in the process of teamwork, come to greater understanding with colleagues not only from your school, but also from other cities and countries.

Progress:

1. Explore the theoretical rationale.

2. Complete practical tasks.

3. Answer test questions as directed by the teacher.

4. Prepare a report.

Practical assignments.

Task 1) Olympiads and competitions

Please provide a description of the resource at the following addresses:

http://www.vspu.ac.ru/de/index.htm

http://www.eidos.ru/olymp/index.htm

http://school.holm.ru/olimpia

http://www.mccme.ru/olympiads

http://www.vkids.ru

Task 2) Web page competition

Find the addresses of the following international competitions:

ThinkQuest

Virtual Classroom

Task 3) Network projects

Please describe the projects located at the following addresses:

http://www.edu.yar.ru/russian/projects/index.htmlhttp://www.botik.ru/ICCC/NewPage/ICCCpageRus/Projectshttp://www.websib.ru/noos/projects/index.html

http://school-sector.relarn.ru

http://www. iearn. spb. ru

http://www.eun.org

Task 4) Creative projects

1. Analyze the specified website of the creative project “My Pushkin” of the Eidos Center ( http://www.eidos.ru)

2. Find 2-3 more sites on the Internet where creative projects are located

Task 5) Using Web 2.0 technology (WikiWiki) for educational purposes

Ø Find a description of Web 2.0 technology online (WikiWiki).

Ø Analyze examples of wiki sites:

http://ru.wikipedia.org – Wikipedia in Russian

http://www.letopisi.ru – Educational wiki project “Letopisi.ru”

Control questions:

1. What is information, what properties is it characterized by?

2. List and describe the radical changes in the information field that you know of, which can be called information revolutions.

3. List the main types of information threats.

4. List the methods of protecting information.

5. Name possibilities of using Internet resources in education.

6. Name what information on the Internet is most interesting to users.

7. Name popular resources based on search engine visitor statistics Rambler.

1. Topic, purpose.

2. Answers to practical tasks.

3. Conclusion.

Literature

1. Beshenkov S.A., Rakitina E.A. Computer science. Textbook 10th grade. – M., 2010.

2. Mikheeva E.V. Workshop on information: textbook. allowance. – M., 2014.

3. Mikheeva E.V., Titova O.I. Computer science: textbook. – M., 2010.

4. Ugrinovich N.D. Computer Science and information Technology. Textbook 10–11 grades. – M., 2010.

Select a document from the archive to view:

21.65 KB contr1.gif

23.39 KB contr2.gif

339.14 KB workfile.rar

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Individual tasks to practice your skills in working with text WORD editor

 Select material on the specified topic and create a newspaper leaflet based on this material.

 Please note that in the newspaper you must indicate the name (come up with a creative and beautiful one) of the topic or newspaper, the issue number and date, and the names and addresses of the creators.

 Provide texts with titles, pictures, and quotes.

 Don't forget that editorials are usually placed on the first page, and the articles themselves are arranged in columns.

Topics for newspaper sheets:

1. Newspaper dedicated to the New Year.
2. Newspaper dedicated to February 23.
3. Newspaper dedicated to March 8th.
4. Newspaper dedicated to Teacher's Day.
5. A newspaper covering events in your educational institution at the moment.
6. A newspaper dedicated to events in KVN (the club of cheerful and resourceful people).
7. A newspaper dedicated to the graduating class (course).
8. A newspaper telling about your class (group).
9. Newspaper dedication to high school students (students).
10. A newspaper telling about what happens in computer science lessons.

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OPTION #1

Create text with the following content and format.
Pay attention to the points:
1) All text is in Times New Roman font; The size of the main text is 12 pt, choose the size and style of writing the headings yourself so that you get a text similar to this one.
2) The title “Quadrilaterals” is a WordArt object.
3) Near the heading “Parallelogram”, put the usual footnote to the text: “Gusev V.A., Mordkovich A.G. Mathematics: Reference. materials. - M.: Education, 1988. - p. 399".

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Test on the topic "Word word processor"

OPTION #2

Create text with the following content and format.
Pay attention to the points:
1) All text is in Times New Roman font; The size of the main text is 12 pt, choose the size and style of writing the headings yourself so that you get a text similar to this one.
2) The title “Reduction Formulas” is a WordArt object.
3) Near the word “derived,” put the usual footnote on the text: “The derivation of each formula can be accompanied by a drawing.”

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Tools for working with text documents.

Main groups of operations.

Processor windowWord.

Basic page parameters.

Tools for working with text documents

When preparing printed materials, creating multimedia publications and electronic publications for computer networks, the user solves three problems:

Preparetext documents (uses text editors and word processors).

Prepareillustrations (uses graphic editors).

Lay out text blocks and illustrations by creating an original layout of a printed publication suitable for reproducing the document using printing methods (uses desktop publishing systems) or an electronic document distributed via computer network(uses web page editors).

Successful solutionfirst task is the main condition for creating professional documents. Therefore, special attention must be paid to the process of preparing text documents for their further processing.

Text documents representblocks of text , consisting of words typed in symbols (letters, numbers, punctuation marks, etc.). To work with text documents, text editors (for example, Notepad or WordPad) and word processors (for example, Word) are used. It should be noted thatpossibilities word processorWord so wide that it allows for document layout.

Main groups of operations:

Entering text - allows you to translate text from it external form into an electronic document, that is, into a file stored on a computer. Text entry can be done by typing using a keyboard or by scanning a paper original and then using pattern recognition to convert the document from a graphical character format to a text format.

Editing (editing) - allows you to change an existing electronic document by adding or deleting its fragments, rearranging parts of the document, merging several files into one or, conversely, splitting a single document into several smaller ones. Entering and editing text is often done in parallel. During these operations, it is formedcontent document.

Formatting - decor appearance document. Formatting commands allow you to determine exactly how a document will look on a monitor screen or on paper after printing on a printer.

All electronic text documents require input and editing, but not all require formatting. Therefore, there are two types of programs -text editors (perform 1 and 2 groups of operations) andword processors (perform all 3 groups of operations).

Alltext editors save "pure" text in the file and thereforecompatible with each other (that is, a document created in one of text editors, can be successfully read and, if necessary, edited in another). And variousword processors write formatting information to the file differently and thereforeincompatible together.

However, in many word processors I have an opportunityconverting text from one format to another (for example, inWord To do this you need to run the command: menuFile (left-click on this command in the horizontal menu - in the future these words will be implied by me)Save as... (left-click on this command in the vertical menu - in the future these words will be implied by me)in the dialog boxSaving a file in fieldFile type you need to select the required format from the list.

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Word processor window

Before you start working with documents, you need to study the main elements of the Word processor window:

At the top there are:

System menu icon button.

Title line (if the document window is open in full screen, then the program and document titles are written separated by a dash, in one line)

Buttons for controlling program sizes.

Buttons for controlling document sizes.

Horizontal menu (for brevity in the future - menu).

Toolbar Standard.

Formatting toolbar.

Horizontal ruler.

Left - 9. Vertical ruler.

On right -10. A vertical scroll bar, at the bottom of it there are buttons for moving to another page (or to another object - in Word 97).

At the bottom of the window are:

Horizontal scroll bar.

Buttons for switching operating modes.

Status bar.

In the center, in work area window - 14. Document page.

Navigation button groups

1

1 - to previous page

2

2 - to next page

Word 97

1

1 - to previous page

3

3 - to the transition object (to page, section, table, footnote, heading, picture, etc.)

2

2 - to next page

Groups of buttons for switching operating modes V different versions Word are different:

Purpose of operating modes

1 - normal mode used for simple text input and editing. In this mode, the processor of the computer with data works faster, but it is advisable to use it only for speed dial document test, since special page elements, pictures, and columns of text are not displayed in this mode. You cannot format text in this mode.

2 - page layout mode . The document appears on the screen exactly as it will appear when printed on paper. This mode is very convenient for formatting a document. Therefore, if your keyboard typing speed is not fast enough,I recommend that you work in markup mode.

3 - structure mode convenient for working on a document outline (composing, viewing, editing), especially if your document consists of many pages.

4 - electronic document mode most convenient when it comes to viewing a finished document. An additional panel with the contents of the document opens on the left. It gives a clear idea of ​​the structure of the document and provides a convenient transition to any section. In this mode, the buttons for switching operating modes disappear on the screen, so to exit to another mode, run the command: menuView Page layout (For example).

Understanding the Windows Clipboard

Clipboard - this is a special area of ​​​​the computer's operational memory in which they can temporarily store Windows objects, created in any program (text fragments, drawings, diagrams, etc.). Objects available in this areadelete (and then they are deleted from the document where they were created) orcopy (and then they remain in the document where they were created, and a copy of them is placed in the buffer).

Only one object can be placed in the buffer at a time. It remains there until a new object is placed there or until the computer is turned off. While an object is stored on the clipboard, a copy of it can be pasted into another document as many times as you like.

This technique is widely used for working with one document, with several documents created in one program, as well as with documents created in different programs, and it's very convenient.

Example: on the web pages of this lesson there are pictures, the text for which is written inWord , copied to the clipboard and pasted into drawings created in a graphics editorAdobe PhotoShop (see the lesson start page:Lesson 1. Theory - drawings “Lesson 1”, “Lesson topic”, “A little theory”, etc.)

Remember:

1. Tocopy object to the clipboard, you need

2. Toinsert object from the clipboard, you need to:

3. Tocut object to the clipboard (be careful - when performing this operation the object will disappear from the document!), you must

This operation is used much less frequently than the copy operation.

Basic page parameters

The term "default"

This term is widely used when working with a computer.

Examples:

1. When creating a document, the program window can be configured differently, since there are several configuration options

toolbars,

document size in window,

character size,

its style (bold, italic, etc.), etc.

Until the user chooses another configuration method, the program offers one of the options. This option is called "default".

2. After starting the program, the first time you save a document, the program will most likely offer you a folderMy Documents. And, if you don't find your folder, it will save your document in this folder, that is, it will offer you it by default.

Another thing is if you are not the only one working on your computer, but there are other users, it is not advisable to use this folder: each user should have their own folder. The number of documents (files) created by each user is gradually growing, and if you store them all together, eventually confusion will occur. That's why

Remember:

1. Be sure to create your own folder on your hard drive, give it your name
and store your documentsonly in it!

2. To keep documents organized, create several folders in it according to
topics relevant to documents, andnesting depth
folders into each othernot limited .

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7. Task for consolidation. Working with the clipboard (commandsCopy AndInsert ).

Attention:

1. First, count the number of paragraphs (there are11 ), means the keyEnter you need to click no more in this text10 times (at the end of the last paragraph Word will put it itself)!

2. Since the text of each next paragraph contains the text of the previous one, to use the capabilities of the computer, select the paragraph, copy it to the clipboard, place the cursor in the new paragraph where you want to paste the text of the previous paragraph and paste the fragment from the clipboard.

3. When entering poetic text, the paragraph is a stanza. The transition from a line to the next line within a paragraph must be forced, since the cursor does not yet have time to reach the end of the line. To do this, press the keys successivelyShift (press and hold) andEnter (press and release both keys), in the future, for brevity, I will writeShift + Enter. The non-printing character of such a forced transition is the character.

Text
(write it in one column!):

Here's the house
Which Jack built.

And this is wheat

In the house,
Which Jack built.

And this is a cheerful tit bird,
Which cleverly steals wheat,
Which is stored in a dark closet
In the house,
Which Jack built.

Here's a cat

Which cleverly steals wheat,
Which is stored in a dark closet
In the house,
Which Jack built.

Here's a dog without a tail

Which scares and catches the tit,
Which cleverly steals wheat,
Which is stored in a dark closet
In the house,
Which Jack built.

And this is a hornless cow,
Kicked an old dog without a tail,
Who pulls the cat by the collar,
Which scares and catches the tit,
Which cleverly steals wheat,
Which is stored in a dark closet
In the house,
Which Jack built.

And this is an old woman, gray-haired and stern,
Who milks a hornless cow,

Who pulls the cat by the collar,
Which scares and catches the tit,
Which cleverly steals wheat,
Which is stored in a dark closet
In the house,
Which Jack built.

And this is a lazy and fat shepherd,

Who milks a hornless cow,
Kicked an old dog without a tail,
Who pulls the cat by the collar,
Which scares and catches the tit,
Which cleverly steals wheat,
Which is stored in a dark closet
In the house,
Which Jack built.

Here are two roosters
Which wake up that shepherd,
Who scolds the strict cowshed,
Who milks a hornless cow,
Kicked an old dog without a tail,
Who pulls the cat by the collar,
Which scares and catches the tit,
Which cleverly steals wheat,
Which is stored in a dark closet
In the house,
Which Jack built.

Translation by S. Ya. Marshak

8. The placement of text on a page (formatting) is the topic of the next lesson.

9. Save document: menuFile Save .

10. Close the processor window. To do this, use one of the following methods: click on the buttonin the upper right corner of the program window.

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Task No. 1 “Text Formatting”

Target: learn to format text (paragraphs and characters); insert characters in a font other than the default one.

Dial next text, stretching it to the page and observing all formats of paragraphs and characters: alignment; left and right padding; spacing between paragraphs; type, size and style of fonts; spacing between characters. pay attention to , located after the text suggested for typing (the keys will tell you which formats you need to apply). Write the text into your folder under the namemath_games.doc .

Keys to task 1

1. For all text (which we will type while completing tasks No. 1-No. 11), set the left indent to 0 cm, the right to 15.5 cm, the font Times New Roman, character size 12 pt, justification.

2. The left indent for a line with the character set “G96” is 1 cm.

3. Before the paragraph containing the words “Domoryad Alexander Petrovich”, set the indent to 140 pt. For this and the five paragraphs following it, the left indent is 5 cm. For three paragraphs, the spacing is set to 2 pt. spacing between characters. Please note that the combinations "Mathematical games and entertainment" And"Favorites" are highlighted in bold.

4. The formatting settings for the paragraph beginning with the words “Designed for typesetting” are as follows: indent before the paragraph 50 pt, left indent 0 cm, font size 10 pt (all other settings are the same as for the entire text). Please note that the symbol " ¼ " can be found among the elements of the "Courier New" font, and the symbol " " is in the Symbol font.

5. Before the next paragraph, indent 200 pt. In future, the font size will be 12 pt.

6. Before the paragraph “The book presents...” indent 24 pt.

7. Before the paragraph “ISBN 5-09-001292-X...” the indentation is 24 pt, all characters in it are bold. Please note that the character set “BBK 22.1я2я72” has been moved to the right edge, which is done without using tabs or a lot of spaces .

It is enough to do the following:

set width alignment;

after typing “BBK 22.1я2я72” press the keys (Shift+Enter) (forced line end, which is used when you yourself need to determine the end of a line within a paragraph);

notice that the distances between the four words of the line are the same, but we need only the distance between the combinations “ISBN 5-09-001292-X” and “BBK 22.1я2я72” to be “stretched”;

To eliminate the error, replace spaces that do not need to be stretched with non-stretchable spaces by pressing the keys (Shift+Ctrl+Space).

8. The paragraph “© Publisher...” is right aligned. The symbol “©” can be found, for example, among the elements of the “Syimbol” font.

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Task No. 10 “Creation title page»

Target: consolidate the ability to create drawings using Word; learn to insert and edit pictures from the ClipArt collection or from a file; learn to work with WordArt objects.

Open the file math_games.doc . INbeginning plain text (make the first page of text the second by inserting a page break) create a title page similar to the one following this paragraph. pay attention to . Save the document in your folder under the namemath_games.doc .

Keys to task 10

1. The title page frame is created using two rectangles: blue and white with rounded corners on top of it. To do this: stretch a rectangle across the entire typing strip, fill it with blue and place it behind the text; Using the AutoShapes button, select a rounded rectangle from the main shapes, stretch it over the first one and fill it with white, then place it behind the text.

2. The book title elements "Math Games and Fun" and "Favorites" are WordArt objects. To create such an object, you can use the “Add WordArt Object” button in the “Drawing” panel.

3. Place the phrases “A.P. Domoryad” and “Publishing house “Shkolnik” Volgograd, 2003” using the “Inscription” button.

4. A drawing of a person can be found among the pictures using the menu item “Insert > Drawing > Pictures...” (ClipArt drawings). If you couldn’t find such a picture, paste it from the file circus.wmf , which is located in the archive (when completing task #2, you should have extracted all the files in this archive and placed them in your own folder). Set the desired size of the picture, respecting the proportions.

5. A drawing with cubes can also be found among the pictures in the ClipArt collection or in the file block.wmf (WorkFile.rar archive). But in this case, you will first have to edit the drawing, i.e. remove the gold bars and their shadows, move the cubes towards each other. To change the embedded picture, use the menu item “Edit > Edit Picture” (before this, you must select the desired picture).

Notes:

First, delete unnecessary objects (mark and use the Delete key).

Before moving one cube to another, group all the objects included in it.

Remember to reduce the borders of the drawing so that the entire free area on the left is not included in the drawing.

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Task No. 2 “DOS text, text formatting”

Target: learn how to convert DOS text to text Word format; copy part of the text; format text according to requirements; use a numbered list.

1. To complete the task you will need a file preamble.txt , which is contained in the archive . Extract all files from the archive into your folder and open the text located in the filepreamble.txt , converting it from "DOS Text" format to " Word document" Copy the contents of this file to the end of the text you wrote under the namemath_games.doc .

2. Edit the copied text according to the requirements: left indent 0 cm; right margin 15.5 cm; red line 1 cm; single line spacing; There are no indents before or after paragraphs; width alignment; character size 12 pt; font "Times New Roman"; normal style; symbol color is black.

3. Correct the errors that are underlined with a red squiggly line, or skip those underlined words that you think are not in error.

4. Please note that at the beginning of the text you must use a numbered list, the format of which can be changed using the menu item “Format > List...”.

5. Don't forget to write down the text under the same name math_games.doc .

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Task No. 3 “Tables, columns, assigning keys to symbols”

Target: learn to use tables in the text; arrange text in several columns; assign “hot keys” to inserted characters.

Open the file math_games.doc math_games.doc .

Keys to task 3

1. The title of the text is a level 1 title, with the following settings formatting: Times New Roman font; character size 14 pt; bold style; central alignment.

2. Note that the text often uses symbols  ,  And , which are located among the symbols of the “Symbol” font. Of course, you can insert a symbol every time or copy a symbol to the desired location, but it is better to assign “hot keys” to frequently used symbols. Assign to symbol key (Ctrl+a), symbol - key (Ctrl+b), symbol key (Ctrl+g).
To assign a key (Ctrl+a) to a symbol perform the following procedure: select the menu item “Insert>Symbol”; set the font to “Symbol”; mark the symbol in the table; press the "Key" button; in the “New keyboard shortcut” field, press (Ctrl+a) and confirm the selection with the enter key; close dialog boxes.
Now, when you press the key (Ctrl+a), the symbol will be inserted into the text .
Note that the symbol is used only twice in the text, so it does not have to be matched with " hotkey».

3. Symbol "  " is located among the symbols of the Symbol font.

4. Attention! First, arrange all the tables in a row, one after another, and after filling them out, you will place them in different columns of text.
Note that the tables are very similar, so you can create, format and fill out one of them first, and then copy it and make the necessary corrections.
To insert a table, you can use the menu item “Table > Add > Table”. Don't forget to center both the table itself and its contents. The first row of the table contains bold characters.

5. Once you have created the three tables, mark them and divide the marked text into three columns. To do this, you can use the menu item “Format > Columns...”.

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Task No. 4 “Tables, columns, lists”

Target: learn how to change table borders; use text wrapping around tables; use a list and arrange it in several columns.

Open the file math_games.doc . At the end of the plaintext, type the text that follows this paragraph, following all formats. pay attention to , located after the text suggested for typing. Write the text into your folder under the namemath_games.doc .

Keys to task 4

Practical work No. 2

Subject: Quantity and units of measurement of information.

Goals: Acquire practical skills in calculating the amount of information. Explore possible ways encoding information.

The student must

know:

Principles of information coding;

functions of language as a way of presenting information;

basic units of information measurement;

be able to:

solve problems to determine the amount of information;

Theoretical background.

1. Amount of information

IN computer technology A bit is the smallest “portion” of computer memory required to store one of the two characters “0” and “1” used for the internal representation of data and commands.

A bit is too small a unit of measurement. In practice, a larger unit is more often used - byte, equal to eight bits. It is precisely eight bits that are required to encode any of the 256 characters of the computer keyboard alphabet (256=28).

Even larger derived units of information are also widely used:

· 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes = 210 bytes,

· 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB = 220 bytes,

· 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB = 230 bytes.

IN Lately Due to the increase in the volume of processed information, such derived units are coming into use as:

· 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB = 240 bytes,

· 1 Petabyte (PB) = 1024 TB = 250 bytes.

Per unit of information, one could choose the amount of information needed to distinguish between, for example, ten equally probable messages. This will not be a binary (bit), but a decimal (dit) unit of information.

2. Measuring information.

The amount of information contained in a message is determined by the amount of knowledge that this message carries to the person receiving it. With a meaningful approach, a qualitative assessment of information is possible: useful, indifferent, important, harmful...

A message that reduces the uncertainty of a person's knowledge by half carries 1 bit of information for him.

Let some message contain information that one of the events occurred N equally probable events. Then the amount of information contained in this message is X bits and the number N related by the formula:

2x=N.

Example 1.

There are 32 balls in the lottery drum. How much information does the message about the first number drawn contain (for example, ball number 15 was drawn)

Solution: since drawing any of the 32 balls is equally probable, the amount of information about one drawn number can be found from the equation:

2x=32.

But 32=25. Therefore x=5 bits. Obviously, the answer does not depend on which number is drawn.

The alphabetical approach to measuring information allows you to determine the amount of information contained in the text. The set of symbols used to write text is called an alphabet. The total number of characters in the alphabet is called cardinality. If the entire text consists of K characters, then when alphabetical approach the size of the information contained in it is equal to:

I = K * i,

where i – information weight of one character in the alphabet used (number of bits per character).

Example 2.

The book, typed using a computer, contains 150 pages; each page has 40 lines, each line has 60 characters. How much information is in the book?

Solution: The power of the computer alphabet is 256. One character is equal to 1 byte of information. This means that the page contains 40*60=240 bytes of information. The amount of information in the book:

240*150=360000 bytes.

360000/1024=351.5625 KB.

Example 3.

The message takes 3 pages of 25 lines. Each line contains 60 characters. How many characters are in the alphabet used if the entire message contains 1125 bytes?

Solution: convert bytes to bits: 1125*8=9000. Find the total number of characters in given text: 3*25*60=4500 characters. Next, we determine the information weight of one character in the alphabet used (the number of bits per character) from the formula I = K * i,

i = I / K .

Let's substitute the known quantities: i =9000/4500

i =2.

If the information weight of one character in the alphabet used (the number of bits per character) is 2, then the power of the alphabet is 4 characters: 22=4.

3. Information coding.

In the process of transforming information from one form of representation (sign system) to another, coding is carried out. The encoding method depends on the purpose for which it is carried out: reduction of recording, classification of information, ease of processing. The coding tool is a correspondence table, which establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the characters of two different sign systems.

The complete set of characters used to encode text is called an alphabet or alphabet.

Texts in natural languages, numbers, mathematical and special symbols must be able to be entered into the computer. Due to unconditional priority binary system notation in the internal representation of information in a computer, the coding of “external” symbols is based on associating each of them with a certain group of binary characters. In this case, for technical reasons and for reasons of convenience of encoding-decoding, uniform codes should be used, i.e. binary groups of equal length.

To encode two natural alphabets, it is minimally sufficient to have a uniform code for their group of 8 binary characters; in this case you can encode 256 various characters. Since 8 binary characters make up 1 byte, they speak of “byte” encoding systems.

The two most common such systems are : EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) And ASCII (American Standard Information Interchange).The first has historically gravitated towards large machines, the second is more often used on mini-microcomputers and PCs. Alphabet characters PC hexadecimal numbers are assigned according to the rule: the first is the column number, the second is the row number. For example, “B” is code 81, “d” is code A4.

But even 8-bit encoding is not enough to encode all characters. All obstacles can be removed by switching to 16-bit encoding Unicode , allowing 65536 code combinations.

Progress:

1. Explore the theoretical rationale.

2. Complete practical tasks on the options.

3. Answer test questions as directed by the teacher.

4. Prepare a report.

Practical tasks:

Option 1

1. The message that one pencil was taken out of the box carries 6 bits of information. How many pencils are in the box?

2. When guessing an integer in a certain range, 9 bits of information are received. How many numbers does the range contain?

4. How many characters are in the text if the alphabet capacity is 64 characters and the amount of information contained in it is 1.5 KB?

5. The computer's RAM capacity contains 163,840 machine words, which is 0.625 MB. How many bits does each machine word contain?

6. “Low-level directories are nested within and are nested directories of higher levels. The top level of nesting of the hierarchical structure is the root directory."

7. 123$$333122321$$1

13MB in bytes

128MB to gigabytes

0.12MB in bits

0.01GB to kilobytes

40960 bits to kilobytes

Option 2

1. A group of schoolchildren came to the pool, which had 8 swimming lanes. The coach announced that the group would swim in lane number 5. How much information did the students receive from this message?

2. The message that your friend lives on the 9th floor carries 5 bits of information. How many floors are there in the house?

3. An information message with a volume of 1/512 of a MB contains 2048 characters. How many characters does the alphabet with which this message was written contain?

4. How many characters does a message written using a 32-character alphabet contain, if its volume is 1/128 of a MB?

5. In roulette, the total number of holes is 128. How much information do we receive in a visual message about the ball stopping in one of the holes?

6. Using a rule binary coding, determine the minimum length of a given sequence of characters in bits. ()*&(((())))^&&&*$(

7. Determine the amount of memory required to accommodate the following information (in ASCII codes).

"Catalogue is a special file in which other files are registered. If a file is registered in a directory, this means that the latter contains all the information characterizing the file and information about where on the disk the file is located.”

25Kb in bits

512Kb to gigabytes

0.5MB in bytes

0.075GB to megabytes

81920 bits to kilobytes

Option 3

1. In roulette, the total number of holes is 32. How much information do we receive in the message that the ball stops at number 16?

2. When guessing an integer in a certain range, 7 bits of information were obtained. How many numbers does the range contain?

3. A 256-character alphabet was used to record the text. How much information in kilobytes does a message containing 3072 characters contain?

4. How many characters are in a text containing 2 KB of information if the alphabet capacity is 128 characters.

5. The computer's RAM capacity is 1/8 of a MB. How many machine words are there? RAM, if one machine word contains 64 bits.

6. Using the binary encoding rule, determine the minimum length in bits of a given sequence of characters. ****???!!$$**!$?*??

7. Determine the amount of memory required to accommodate the following information (in ASCII codes).“The file system defines the methods of organization and means of maintaining file structure, transforming FAT -tables in hierarchical structure to provide quick and convenient access to data, a simple and user-friendly way to set the data address.”

256MB to gigabytes

12.8MB in bytes

0.12MB to kilobytes

0.001GB to bytes

73728 bits to kilobytes

1. Topic, purpose.

2. Solution practical tasks according to options.

3. Conclusion.

Control questions:

1. What is the smallest unit of measurement of information you know?

2. Name larger derived units of information.

3. Describe how information is measured in the content approach.

4. Describe how information is measured in the alphabetical approach.

Literature

1. Beshenkov S.A., Rakitina E.A. Computer science. Textbook 10th grade. – M., 2010.

2. Mikheeva E.V. Workshop on information: textbook. allowance. – M., 2014.

3. Mikheeva E.V., Titova O.I. Computer science: textbook. – M., 2010.

4. Ugrinovich N.D. Computer science and information technology. Textbook 10–11 grades. – M., 2010.