Text editor message. What is a text editor? Features of working with text processing programs. Various character encodings

While working at a computer, we are extremely often faced with the need to create, edit, design and print text information. For this purpose they are used special programs. Let's try to figure out what it is and why it is needed.

Definition

Text editors are specialized programs that allow you to create, format, edit, save and In addition to the text itself, modern documents can contain other objects (tables, lists, diagrams, images, etc.).

The most popular programs for working with text

Now that you already know what a text editor is, we can talk about which applications in this category are the most popular.

Microsoft Word

Probably the most widespread and easy-to-use program. Lots of settings, options, extensive functionality, support for collaboration and reviewing.

Open Office

Free alternative to MS Office software package. The Open Office text editor is slightly inferior to Word in terms of functionality and does not have the same attractive modern interface, but overall it is quite good for performing basic tasks.

AbiWord

Supports quite a few different text formats, including doc and rtf. Weighs this program very small, works fast enough, does not freeze and meets all the requirements of a modern user.

GNU Emacs

Multifunctional free editor, adapted to work on different operating systems. The basis of the Emacs ideology is the principles of extensibility, customization to user requirements and the desire to combine “all in one”.

However, be that as it may, the most popular, reliable and convenient is the good old Microsoft Word.

Main features of MS Word

What is it and what functions can it perform? A unique program created by Microsoft specialists has been improved over several decades. Modern MS Word allows you to:

  • enter and edit text using the keyboard with the ability to subsequently save it in the computer’s memory;
  • format information (change parameters and text formatting);
  • use tools preview documents in the process of preparing them for printing;
  • process multiple documents simultaneously;
  • check spelling, spelling and punctuation in different languages;
  • introduce graphic images and diagrams into the text;
  • create and add tables to the text, edit them;
  • use macros in documents, etc.

As for the disadvantages of MS Word, there are not so many of them. However, speaking about what a text editor is, it is worth saying that not all of them are suitable for certain purposes. For example, in the case of Word, you may have problems entering chemical formulas and complex mathematical expressions. In addition, this text editor is not intended for the production of complex printed products (magazine atlases, etc.) or for editing high-quality images.

Studying the MS Word word processor menu

Knowing what a text editor is, you will, of course, want to know more about its capabilities. You can get a general idea of ​​the functionality of MS Word by familiarizing yourself with the main command tabs of the program:

  • Home. Contains a set of commands related to setting paragraphs, styles and choosing fonts.
  • Insert. Allows you to embed pages, tables, links, illustrations, footers, headings, symbols and text objects into a document.
  • Page layout. Here you can find commands for working with topics, paragraph spacing, background images. On the same tab there are tools that allow you to configure the page parameters and the order of elements on it.
  • Links. The commands on this tab will be useful to those who already know what a text editor is and are working on creating serious voluminous works (table of contents, bibliographies and citations, index, headings, footnotes, etc.).
  • Newsletters. Here are all the features you need to create, preview, and send mail.
  • Reviewing. Tools for checking documents (thesaurus, spelling, etc.). On the same tab, you will see commands that allow you to share the document with other users for review, add a comment, track and process changes, compare versions, and protect the document.
  • View. This tab is responsible for viewing the document in different modes and the ability to view multiple documents.

In the upper left corner you can find the "File" button, which opens the main menu of MS Word, the commands of which allow you to open, save, print documents, and also learn more about installed version program, about what the Microsoft Word text editor is and go to detailed help. In addition, in the "File" menu you can change the default settings of the program itself (spelling settings, autosave, theme, etc.).

Basically, now you know text editor, and you can easily find the commands you need to work.

Various character encodings.

Text documents consist of symbols - letters, numbers, punctuation marks, which are represented in a computer in numerical form. Each character has a corresponding numeric code. There are currently five different Cyrillic encodings in use. Each encoding is specified by its own code table.

By executing the command Insert - Symbol, on the tab Key in the lower left corner you can see the decimal numeric code of the selected symbol.

The symbol by numeric code is determined as follows. The standard Notepad program starts. On the additional numeric keypad, while pressing the key, enter a number, for example 0224, then release the key. The symbol "a" will appear in the document. Windows encoding CP1251.

If you enter numeric codes from 225 to 233 in the same way, a sequence of 12 characters rstufhtchshshch in MS-DOS (CP866) encoding will appear in the document.

More information about text encodings can be found in theoretical material to Topic 6.

Presentation of information.

Text editor: purpose and main functions.

Text editors- These are programs for creating, editing, formatting, saving and printing documents.

More advanced text editors that have document creation capabilities such as searching and replacing characters, spell checkers, inserting tables, etc. are sometimes called word processors(example - MS Word).

The most powerful programs for processing dough are called desktop publishing systems(example - Adobe PageMaker).

In the future, MS Word will be considered as the most popular text editor at present.

Various text file formats.

The file format determines how text is stored in the file. The simplest format contains only numeric character codes; other formats contain additional numeric control codes that provide text formatting.

There are universal formats and original formats that are used by individual text editors. To convert text from one format to another, special programs are used - converters.

Let's look at some of the most common text file formats.

Microsoft Word for Windows. Version 2.x, Microsoft Word 6.0/95. original formats previous versions editor. You can save documents in this file format. No converters are required to open Word 2.x documents for Windows.

Microsoft Word for Macintosh. Version 4.x and 5.x. You can save documents in this file format. No converters are required to open a document of this format in Word for Windows 95.

Text only. Saves text without any formatting. All page ends, section ends, and line breaks are converted to paragraph characters. The ANSI character set is used. This format should only be selected if the document will be used in an application that does not read any file formatting.

DOS text. Converts files in the same way as the Text Only format. The extended ASCII character set is used, which is standard for MS-DOS applications. This format should be used when sharing documents between Word and non-Windows applications.

Line-breaking text, Line-breaking DOS text. Saves text without formatting. All page breaks, section breaks, and line breaks are converted to paragraph characters. This format is used if you need to preserve the breakdown of a document into lines, for example, when translating documents into an electronic mail system.

Layout-preserving text, Layout-preserving DOS text. Maintains a breakdown of deadlines. Inserts spaces to highlight indents, tables, line spacing, paragraph spacing, and tab stops. Converts section and page breaks to paragraph characters. This format is used to convert a document into a text file while preserving the page layout.

Text in RTF format. Preserves formatting completely. Converts formatting instructions so that they can be read and interpreted by other applications, including all Microsoft compatible ones.

HTML document. Web page storage format. Contains control codes (tags) of the hypertext markup language.

To convert a text document file in MS Word, you can, for example, run the command File - Save As, in the File type drop-down list box, select an option.

Properties and possible operations on a document.

By executing the command File-Properties by opening the tab Statistics you can familiarize yourself with the composition of the document and its structure (number of pages, paragraphs, lines, characters, etc.)

While loading Word document The application window and document window open. The Word workbench consists of visible screen elements such as:

Text area,
horizontal menu bar,
document title line,
toolbars, status bar,
callable elements: commands, menus, dialogs and windows.

By default, the screen displays two toolbars, Standard and Formatting, which are a set of buttons that duplicate some menu commands. Command View - Toolbars allows you to display the remaining toolbars.

Standard The toolbar contains buttons that perform some of the most common operations with files and text fragments, such as creating, opening, saving and printing a document, previewing, spell checking, copying, deleting, pasting a text fragment, etc. Here and below We will not list all the available buttons, since every Word user can learn them when working with the editor.

Toolbar Formatting contains buttons responsible for converting text. Let's take a closer look at the commands for formatting and editing text.

Editing- adding, deleting, moving or correcting text or graphics.

MS Word implements an object approach. Transformations can be applied to various objects that make up a document: a character, a paragraph, a table, an entire document, or a selection.

Paragraph- a sequence of characters between two keystrokes (except for the very first paragraph). A paragraph always starts with new line. For each paragraph, the left and right margins and indentation on the first line are set.

The following table shows the most used commands that allow you to format and edit structural units of text.

An object Formatting Editing
Symbol Choice of font, size, color, style (bold, italic, underlined). Applying effects: indexes, strikethrough, all caps, small caps. Setting the kerning of the intercharacter interval, character position in the line. Entering text. Select, copy and move. Inserting, deleting, canceling the last measurement. Replaces the selected text with the input text. Search and replace characters.
Paragraph Align text centered, justified, left or right. Setting line spacing and spacing between paragraphs. Setting indents from the right and left margins. Framing and filling. Marking and numbering paragraphs. Determining the position of a paragraph on a page. Entering and highlighting a paragraph.
Document Page settings: setting margins, numbering and other elements. Vertical alignment of text on the page. Page break options. Installation of transfers. Setting file properties. Changing the author's name. Changing the viewing mode. Editing a document in view mode.
Graphic arts Create graphics using icons on the Draw toolbar. Selecting the drawing object, color, line type and fill. Move, select, resize an imported picture. Ungrouping a drawing, changing the fill, line colors, deleting and changing details.
Table Using AutoFormat to format a table. Aligns a table or its rows on a page. Changing the spacing between table columns, changing the column width and row height. Numbering of table cells. Framing and filling. Repeating the table title on each page. Adding and removing table rows and columns. Selecting an entire cell, column, or row of a table.

Document formatting. Setting page parameters.

Page parameters are set using the command File-Page Settings. A dialog box appears with four tabs: Fields, Paper size, Paper source, Layout. This way they are set page margin boundaries. You must also set the paper orientation - book or landscape.

Paragraph formatting.

As already noted, a paragraph can consist of any set of characters, pictures and objects. Paragraph alignment reflects the location of text relative to page margins. Set using the corresponding icons on the Formatting toolbar or using the command Format-Paragraph. There are four ways to align a paragraph:

On the left edge,
on the right edge,
in width,
in the center.

Red line indent installed using rulers or using tabs Left indent And Right indent teams Format-Paragraph. In addition, using Format-Paragraph, you can set indents and spacing, line spacing, before and after the paragraph.

Formatting characters.

Symbols are the main objects that make up a document.

Symbols- these are letters, numbers, punctuation marks, as well as special characters. In addition, there are non-printing characters , which are displayed when you press the "non-printing characters" key in the standard toolbar.

Among the main properties of symbols, three can be distinguished: font, size, style.

Font- a complete set of characters of a certain style, including upper and lowercase letters, punctuation marks, special characters and arithmetic symbols.

Fonts are divided into two large groups - serif fonts(Times New Roman) and chopped(Arial). Most printed text uses serif fonts.

Next group - vector And bitmap fonts. Bitmap fonts can only be scaled by certain factors. Vector fonts allow arbitrary scaling.

The unit of font size is 1 point, equal to 0.376 mm.

In addition to the usual style, it is used italics, bold And emphasized font. Combinations are allowed .

Font formatting is done using the command Format-Font or using the corresponding icons in the Formatting panel.

This paragraph is formatted in font size 10 Times New Roman, red, italic.

Creating, editing and formatting tables.

Tables are an object consisting of rows and columns, at the intersection of which cells are formed. Cells can contain text, numbers, and graphics.

The table is inserted into the document using the command Table - Insert table. The corresponding fields indicate the number of rows and columns.

Editing the table structure. Changing the width of columns or height of rows is done by dragging the borders with the mouse. You can also specify precise parameters using the command Table - Cell height and width.

Inserting or deleting rows/columns is done using the commands Insert/delete row/column.

You can change the appearance of the table using the command Table - AutoFormat or manually using commands Format - Borders And filling.

Text in a table is formatted in the traditional way.

Print the document.

Before printing a document, it is useful to run the command File - Preview.

When preparing a document for printing, you need to set printing parameters, page numbers, number of copies, etc.

Team File-Print calls up the dialog panel Seal, which allows you to select the printer, print mode, numbers and number of pages to be printed.

  1. Efimova O., Morozov V., Ugrinovich N. Course in computer technology with the basics of computer science. Tutorial for high school. - M.: LLC "AST Publishing House"; ABF, 2000
  2. Problem book-workshop in computer science. In 2 volumes. /Ed. I. Semakina, E. Henner. - M.: Laboratory of Basic Knowledge, 2001.
  3. Ugrinovich N. Computer Science and information Technology. 10-11 grades - M.: Laboratory of Basic Knowledge, JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2001

Tasks and tests on the topic "Office information technology. Word text editor"

  • Text documents and technologies for their creation - Treatment text information 7th grade

    Lessons: 2 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1

  • Information resources and Internet services - Communication technologies 9th grade

    Lessons: 5 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1

Dear student!

When studying the MS word processor, you should pay attention to the more comprehensive interface of Word _2000 and older versions compared to Word 60/95, which is still widely used.

Newer versions have an expanded interface for working on the Internet, the ability to create Web pages, etc.

The topic involves studying basic knowledge about a word processor, the “subtleties” of working with Word are comprehended, in our opinion, in the following two cases:

  • when preparing current business documentation;
  • when typing books containing graphics, formulas, tables, special inserts, etc.

In other words, practice is necessary. For those who want to learn how to correctly prepare documents on their own, we recommend that you study any manual on office work as additional literature or, if possible, familiarize yourself with the specifics of document preparation in the organization in which you plan to get a job.

Topic: "Text editors".

Lesson objectives:

Help students gain an understanding of text editors

Fostering students’ information culture, attentiveness, accuracy, discipline, and perseverance.

Development of cognitive interests.

Lesson type: Learning new material.

Requirements for student knowledge and skills: After this lesson, students should know what a text editor, a word processor, structural units of text and the text editor environment are.

Equipment:
board, computer, multimedia projector, presentation.

Literature

Semakin I.G. Teaching a basic computer science course in high school: Methodological manual / I.G. Semakin, T.Yu. Sheina. – 3rd ed., rev. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2006. – 416 p.

Semakin I.G. Computer Science and ICT. Basic course: Textbook for 8th grade/I.G. Semakin, T.Yu. Sheina. – 2nd ed., – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2006. – 176 p.

Questions studied:

    what is a text editor and text CPU;

    structural units of text;

    text editor environment.

Lesson plan:

    Organizational moment (2 min).

    Checking homework (5 min).

    Learning new material (25 min).

    Consolidation of the studied material (10 min).

    Summarizing. Homework (3 min).

During the classes:

1. Org. moment.

Greeting students, checking the readiness of the room for the lesson, checking for absences.

2.Checking homework.

    What are the advantages of storing texts in files compared to paper storage?(possibility of editing, quick copying to other media; ability to transmit text over computer communication lines)

    What is hypertext?(this is a text organized so that it can be viewed in a sequence of semantic connections between its individual fragments)

    How powerful is the alphabet used in computers to represent texts?(256 characters)

    What is a coding table?(this is a table in which each character of the alphabet is assigned a serial number and an eight-bit binary code)

    What is the name of the international character encoding table?( ASCII)

    In what number system are the codes in this encoding table represented?(binary number system)

    Using table 3.1 of the textbook, encode your initials.

3. Studying new material.

What is a text editor and text CPU.

To work with text documents, there are application programs called text editors.So, write down the definition:Text editor ( TP ) is an application program that allows you to create text documents, edit them, view the contents of the document on the screen, and print the document.

What are these editors for? (they allow you to create text documents and edit them).

In relation to text editors with extensive capabilities for formatting text, including graphics, and spell checking, the name “word processor” (TP) is often used.

There are many TRs - from the simplest educational systems to powerful publishing systems.

Simple text editors (for example, standard Windows application Notepad) allow you to edit text, as well as perform simple font formatting.

More advanced text editors (for example, Microsoft Word and StarOffice Writer), which are sometimes called word processors, have a wide range of capabilities for creating documents (inserting lists and tables, spell checking tools, saving corrections, etc.).

To prepare for the publication of books, magazines and newspapers in the process of publishing layout, powerful text processing programs are used - desktop publishing systems (for example, Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Office Publisher).

To prepare Web pages and Web sites for publication on the Internet, specialized applications (for example, Microsoft FrontPage) are used.

Let's get acquainted with the basic concepts associated with TR and its capabilities.

Structural units of the text.

The data that text editors work with is symbolic information. The smallest element of text is one character. Words are character sequences separated from each other by spaces or punctuation marks. The structural units of text are also: word, line, paragraph, page, section, symbol. Existcertain techniques (commands) for working with each of these units, they will be discussed by us in the next paragraph.

Text editor environment.

The text typed by the user on the keyboard is displayed in the editor's working field on the screen. The location of impact on the working field is marked with a cursor. The cursor looks like a dash or a rectangle.

Often the text is larger than what can fit on the screen. In this case, only part of the text is located within the working field. The screen is a kind of window through which you can view text. To move this window around the text, use special keys or a manipulator.

Most text editors have information about their current state on the screen - a status bar. As a rule, it indicates the cursor coordinates (current line number and position in the line), page number, text format, current font and some other information.

For anyoneTPThe presence of a menu of editor control commands on the screen is typical. These are commands for changing operating modes, file operations, printing, text formatting,requests for information and others. The menu can have both text and pictographic form.

4. Consolidation of the studied material

Read the paragraph and write down the main definitions in your notebook, then answer the questions.

What is a text editor? (text editor - is an application program that allows you to create text documents, edit them, view the contents of the document on the screen, print the document)

What is a text editor used for?(a text editor allows you to create text documents and edit them)

What is the smallest element of text called?(symbol)

What is the name for the sequence of characters between two spaces or punctuation marks?(word)

5. Summing up. Homework

Summing up the lesson: Our lesson has come to an end. Today you learned what a text editor, a word processor, structural units of text are and got acquainted with the text editor environment.

Grading. Homework: § 14. Know what text editors and processors are, the main structural units of text.

Additional task: find out what text editors you have at home.

Most often, when working on a PC, the user works with text data, for working with which two main classes are used software:

Text editor

Definition 1

Text editor– independent computer program(application) or part of a software package that is designed to create and edit text data.

Text editors are designed primarily only for entering and editing text, but do not have tools for designing the appearance of the text (formatting). Thus, they are used in cases where text formatting is superfluous or unnecessary (for example, when preparing documents for sending by email). The created text file in the water editor can be edited using another editor, because When saved, the text file contains only the codes of the entered characters.

In addition to creating and viewing text, text editors allow you to perform the following text editing operations - moving, copying, pasting text, text search and replacement, sorting strings, viewing character codes and converting encodings, printing a document, etc.

There are interactive text editors with additional functionality that is designed to automate editing actions or display text data in a special way (for example, syntax highlighting).

Types of text editors

A line-by-line text editor is designed to work with text as a sequence of numbered lines. For example, the Edlin line editor was included with MS-DOS.

A contextual editor that performs operations on text at the current position. For example, ECCE editor. An on-screen text editor allows the user to move the cursor within text using the keyboard or other input devices (such as a mouse). For example, the Notepad editor.

Popular text editors

  • Emacs is a multi-purpose, free editor, one of the most powerful in terms of capabilities, with a large number of operating modes. Can be used for programming.
  • Kate is a powerful, extensible free text editor with syntax highlighting for many programming and markup languages ​​with a flexible, customizable interface.

Figure 1. Emac editor

Figure 2. Kate Editor

  • Notepad - included operating system Microsoft Windows.
  • Vim is a free modal editor for administrators and programmers. One of the most powerful editors with extensive customization and automation capabilities. It has two operating modes: text and command.
  • Notepad is a free text editor with open source code for Windows, intended for programmers and ordinary users.
  • TEA is a free cross-platform editor with big amount text processing and markup functions in [X]HTML, LaTeX, Docbook, Lout, with syntax highlighting and spell checking.
  • KeyPad+ is a text editor developed by Russian programmers for ordinary users and programmers.

Word processors

Definition 2

Word processor– a computer program designed to create and edit text documents, layout the text, and preview documents as they will be printed (a property known as WYSIWYG).

Modern word processors allow you to format fonts and paragraphs, check spelling, create and insert tables and graphics, and also include some desktop publishing capabilities.

Word processors are used in cases where, in addition to the content of the text, its meaning is also appearance(preparation of official documents). A document created using a word processor contains, in addition to text, information about its formatting, which is stored in codes that are not visible to the user.

Since different word processors are used to format text different codes(documents with different formats), then transferring formatted text documents from one word processor to another is not always correct. In such cases, the formatting may be only partially saved (as, for example, when transferring a document from MS Word to OpenOffice Writer) or not saved at all (only the text is transferred). Then you need to format the document again.

Popular word processors

Microsoft Word– a powerful word processor designed for creating, viewing and editing text documents. The program is included in the Microsoft Office package. Produced since 1983 Current version MS Word 2016 for Windows and MS Word 2011 for Mac.

Possibilities Word programs extended with built-in macro language Visual Basic(VBA). However, this provides additional opportunities for writing viruses that are embedded in documents, called macro viruses.

WordPad is a word processor that is part of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Much more powerful than the Notepad program, but inferior to the full-fledged word processor Microsoft Word.

The processor supports formatting and printing text, but does not have tools for creating tables or spell checking tools.

Figure 3. MS Word word processor

LaTeX– the most popular macro package of the TeX computer layout system to facilitate typing complex documents. The package is designed to automate many tasks of typing text (in several languages) and preparing articles, numbering sections and formulas, cross-referencing, placing illustrations and tables on a page, maintaining a bibliography, etc.

OpenOffice.org Writer is a word processor that is part of the OpenOffice.org free software package. Writer is similar in many ways to Microsoft Word's word processor, but has some features that Word lacks (such as support for page styles).

Figure 5. LaTeX word processor

Figure 6. OpenOffice.org Writer word processor

Text editors are programs for creating and editing text documents. These are letters, articles, certificates, stories or novels and other information called Text Document, text file or just text.

Under text editing understands the whole complex of operations on internal (semantic) and external (design) work on the text. Each text can be “cut”, i.e., cut out pieces from it, “glued” them together, insert parts from other texts into the working material, change their places, etc. You can change the location of the text on the page, the format of lines and paragraphs, insert into illustration text (drawings, graphs, diagrams, etc.).

When describing word processors, two groups of software products of this type should be distinguished. The first group is focused on creating documents of varying degrees of complexity with powerful formatting tools and the inclusion of graphics. A typical representative of this group is Microsoft Word. The second group of word processors (they are often called text editors) is focused on working with purely text files, which may include program texts written in various languages, configuration files, configuration files, etc.

A prominent representative of such software products is MultiEdit. This word processor has a powerful contextual replacement system, a built-in macro language at the Visual Basic level, support for the internal environment, and help with typing keywords.

There is another separate group of word processors - desktop publishing systems. Publishing programs (Desktop Publishing) are somewhat similar to conventional word processors, but differ from them in a wider range of capabilities for working with text. Publishing systems include products such as Adobe PageMaker, Adobe In Design, Quark X Press. However, it should be noted that this difference is gradually disappearing, and editors such as Word Perfect or Microsoft Word are already approaching publishing programs. In any case, they are able to provide typing and printing of simple publications.

Typically text editors include the following features:

  • - typing;
  • - correcting the typed text in the usual way, i.e. changing letters, words, etc.;
  • - cutting out text fragments, memorizing them during the current work session, as well as in the form of separate files;
  • - inserting fragments into the desired place in the text;
  • - finding the necessary words or sentences in the text;
  • - replacing words one with another partially or completely throughout the text;
  • - formatting the text, i.e. giving it a certain appearance to the following parameters: the width of the text column, paragraph, margins on both sides, top and bottom margins, distance between lines, alignment of the edges of lines;
  • - automatic division of text into pages with a specified number of lines;
  • - automatic page numbering;
  • - automatic input subheadings at the bottom or top of the page;
  • - highlighting part of the text in bold, italic or underlined font;
  • - switching the program to work with a different alphabet;
  • - tabulation of lines, i.e. creation of constant intervals to represent text in the form of columns;
  • - printing the text or its individual pieces;

The most advanced editors also have additional features, such as:

  • - the ability to see the text on the screen in finished form, i.e. the way it will be printed by the printer;
  • - wide selection of fonts;
  • - insertion of formulas, tables, figures into the text;
  • - creating several text columns on one page;
  • - automatic search and correction of grammatical errors;
  • - selection of ready-made styles and templates.