Intel is one of the two most popular companies developing processors for laptops and computers. Many gamers and other users consider this company to be the best and prefer its products. But Intel has a fairly wide the lineup. So, figuring out which processor is best for which computer is sometimes not so easy. To make it easier for customers to navigate the wide range of offers from the manufacturer, we have created a rating of Intel processors. With it you can easily choose the processor to suit your taste.

No. 10 – Intel Pentium G4400

Price: 5745 rubles

And our top chipset called Intel Pentium G4400 begins - great option for budget personal computers.

This processor is based on the Skylake architecture and consists of two cores clocked at 3.3 GHz. Additional performance of the device is provided by cache memory, the volume of which here is 3072 KB.

The Pentium G4400 is also capable of image processing. There is a built-in GPU SkylakeIntel HD Graphics 510. Of course, it cannot completely replace a full-fledged video card, but it is enough to perform simple tasks.

This model has a special controller that supports two-way data transfer between the processor and RAM.

This controller is capable of working with memory modules up to 64 GB. So there shouldn’t be any problems installing the required amount of RAM.

Intel Pentium G4400

No. 9 – Intel Pentium G4620

Price: 7085 rubles

Intel Pentium G4620 is a dual-core processor with clock frequency 3700 MHz. It is developed using 14nm process technology. The basis of this device is the Kaby Lake architecture.

This model has the same cache memory - 3 MB, but the graphics processor here is slightly more powerful than the HD Graphics 630. Of course, if we compare the Pentium G4400 and G4620, then last option better, but not much. It is unlikely that you will notice a significant difference in performance.

However, the G4620 is an excellent processor that, of course, is not suitable for professional gamers, but may well satisfy the needs of the average user or lover of playing old games.

In general, it will cope with new games, but there will be slowdowns, and it won’t be possible to set the settings to maximum. If this is not a problem for you, then the G4620 is worth taking. Otherwise, it’s better to take a closer look at more expensive models.

Intel Pentium G4620

No. 8 – Intel Core i3-8300

Price: 12955 rubles

Having finished with the budget segment, let's move on to processors entry level. Intel Core i3-8300 is already a quad-core processor with a clock frequency of 3.7 GHz. The cache memory here is also twice as large – as much as 8 MB.

The Core i3-8300 comes with an excellent cooler, which is actually rare for powerful processors. Usually, when you really buy good processor, you definitely need to buy a cooling system for it, because the basic one, as a rule, is terribly insufficient to maintain normal working condition. But in this case, the box cooler copes with its task quite well.

The Core i3-8300 is a good processor that, in conjunction with an equally good video card, can handle most modern games.

In addition, it is sold for a meager price, considering all its advantages. So, if you do not need the most powerful, but high-quality chipset, we recommend choosing the i3-8300.

Intel Core i3-8300

No. 7 – Intel Core i3-8350K

Price: 13100 rubles

Intel Core i3-8350K is an improved version of the previous model. Like the basic version, it has four cores and 8 MB of cache, but its clock speed is 4 GHz.

This is a fairly high figure that is guaranteed to provide you with high performance. The main advantage of the Core i3-8350K over the Core i3-8300 is the unlocked multiplier.

That is, the processor can also be overclocked. Thus, the already high clock frequency of 4 GHz can be increased to 4.6 GHz. This is a pretty good overclocking for Intel processors.

The Intel Core i3-8350K maintains adequate temperatures well. When actively working with a computer, you are unlikely to heat it above 50 degrees, which is simply an excellent indicator.

Without a doubt, in the Intel model table, this is one of the best processors in terms of price and quality.

Intel Core i3-8350K

No. 6 – Intel Core i5-8400

Price: 16575 rubles

The golden mean in the company's lineup is occupied by Core i5 chipsets. It includes fairly current, but still affordable processors. We'll start our review with the Intel Core i5-8400.

It's a six-core processor clocked at just 2.8 GHz, but that's only in standard mode. In turbo boost, when maximum performance is required, it accelerates to 4 GHz. The cache memory here is 9 MB.

The i5-8400 processor is quite popular, because it has six ultra-fast cores and is sold at a very decent price compared to older models.

Overall, this is a more than decent processor. The only downside is that it has sudden temperature fluctuations, but usually it does not heat up above 61 degrees. This model is more than enough for any modern games.

Intel Core i5-8400

No. 5 – Intel Core i5-8600

Price: 18990 rubles

Improved hexa-core fifth processor Intel generation The Core i5-8600 has a significantly higher clock speed. The base frequency is 3.1 GHz, but in turbo mode this figure increases to 4.3 GHz. Otherwise, the technical specifications are the same.

The undoubted advantage of the Core i5-8600 is that in some cases its performance can be equal to even the newest processor models from Intel.

There is also very little heat generation, which is quite good for such a powerful chip. In short, the i5-8600 is an excellent representative of the mid-price segment that will provide you with maximum performance even in new games.

Intel Core i5-8600

No. 4 – Intel Core i5-9600K

Price: 21,750 rubles

The Intel Core i5-9600K, being the most advanced model in the line, has again advanced by increasing the clock frequency. Here this figure is 3.7 GHz. And when turbo mode is activated, the processor accelerates to an incredible 4.6 GHz.

Core i5-9600K is the best current processor from Intel today. Then there are models for those who are greedily trying to accumulate as much power as possible for the years to come.

When using an i5-9600K and a good video card, sufficient RAM and other adequate technical characteristics, you shouldn't have any performance issues with modern games.

Intel Core i5-9600K

No. 3 – Intel Core i7-8700K

Price: 23615 rubles

So we moved on to the most powerful Intel line - Core i7. We will begin our consideration with such a model as the Core i7-8700K. There are the same number of cores as in previous models - 6, and the maximum clock speed is the same.

But the i7-8700K has a significantly increased amount of cache memory - 12288 KB. Also, a more powerful graphics core HD Graphics 630 at 1200 MHz was installed here.

12 threads provide a significant power reserve, thanks to which the Intel Core i7-8700K will be relevant for many years to come. The fact that if you have the appropriate video card, all modern games will run even on ultra settings is probably not worth mentioning, this is already clear.

Intel Core i7-8700K

No. 2 – Intel Core i7-9700K

Price: 34299 rubles

The Intel Core i7-9700K processor is based on an architecture codenamed Coffee Lake-R. It has 8 cores and is created according to the 14 nm technical process standard. The clock frequency of the processor cores is 3.6 GHz, and the cache memory is 12 MB.

Essentially, the Core i7-9700K repeats the previous model, but already contains 8 cores and 16 threads, which further increases the processor's power reserves.

With such a processor, you can not only play, but stream modern games in good quality. There is also an unlocked multiplier and, as a result, the ability to overclock the cores.

The only problem is very high price, but you have to pay a lot for power.

Intel Core i7-9700K

No. 1 – Intel Core i9-7960X

Price: 113,030 rubles

So we come to the first place where the Core i9-7960X is located - this is the most best processor latest generation from Intel today.

It costs three times more than the previous model, but this is more than justified, because there are as many as 16 cores operating at a clock frequency of 2.2 GHz. In turbo mode, it is possible to overclock the frequency to 4.2 GHz. It is supported by a 22 MB cache memory.

If you have a lot of money, you can buy this processor and not worry about your computer not being able to handle anything for many years to come. But if you only need modern games, you can choose something cheaper.

Intel Core i9-7960X

Above are the most best models processors from Intel. Among them, you can easily choose an option that will suit your needs and financial capabilities, because all the chips presented here are best solutions for its price.

Intel has come a very long way from a small chip manufacturer to a world leader in processor production. During this time, many processor production technologies were developed, highly optimized technological process and device characteristics.

Many performance indicators of processors depend on the arrangement of transistors on the silicon chip. The technology of transistor arrangement is called microarchitecture or simply architecture. In this article we will look at which Intel processor architectures have been used throughout the company's development and how they differ from each other. Let's start with the most ancient microarchitectures and look all the way to new processors and plans for the future.

As I already said, in this article we will not consider the bit capacity of processors. By the word architecture we mean the microarchitecture of the microcircuit, the arrangement of transistors on printed circuit board, their size, distance, technological process, all this is covered by this concept. We will not touch the RISC and CISC instruction sets either.

The second thing you need to pay attention to is the generation of the Intel processor. You've probably heard many times already - this processor is the fifth generation, that one is the fourth, and this one is the seventh. Many people think that this is designated i3, i5, i7. But in fact there is no i3, and so on - these are processor brands. And the generation depends on the architecture used.

With each new generation, the architecture improved, processors became faster, more economical and smaller, they generated less heat, but at the same time they were more expensive. There are few articles on the Internet that would describe all this completely. Now let's look at where it all began.

Intel processor architectures

I’ll say right away that you shouldn’t expect technical details from the article; we’ll only look at the basic differences that will be of interest to ordinary users.

First processors

First, let's take a brief look at history to understand how it all began. Let's not go too far and start with 32-bit processors. The first was the Intel 80386, it appeared in 1986 and could operate at frequencies up to 40 MHz. Old processors also had a generation countdown. This processor belongs to the third generation, and the 1500 nm process technology was used here.

The next, fourth generation was the 80486. The architecture used in it was called 486. The processor operated at a frequency of 50 MHz and could execute 40 million instructions per second. The processor had 8 KB of L1 cache, and was manufactured using a 1000 nm process technology.

The next architecture was P5 or Pentium. These processors appeared in 1993, the cache was increased to 32 KB, the frequency was up to 60 MHz, and the process technology was reduced to 800 nm. In the sixth generation P6, the cache size was 32 KB, and the frequency reached 450 MHz. The tech process has been reduced to 180 nm.

Then the company began producing processors based on the NetBurst architecture. It used 16 KB of first-level cache per core, and up to 2 MB of second-level cache. The frequency increased to 3 GHz, and the technical process remained at the same level - 180 nm. Already here 64-bit processors appeared that supported addressing more memory. Many command extensions were also introduced, as well as the addition of Hyper-Threading technology, which allowed the creation of two threads from one core, which increased performance.

Naturally, each architecture improved over time, the frequency increased and the technical process decreased. There were also intermediate architectures, but everything has been simplified here a little since that is not our main topic.

Intel Core

NetBurst was replaced by the Intel Core architecture in 2006. One of the reasons for the development of this architecture was the impossibility of increasing the frequency in NetBrust, as well as its very high heat dissipation. This architecture was designed for the development of multi-core processors, the size of the first level cache was increased to 64 KB. The frequency remained at 3 GHz, but the power consumption was greatly reduced, as well as the process technology, to 60 nm.

Processors based on the Core architecture supported hardware virtualization Intel-VT, as well as some instruction extensions, but did not support Hyper-Threading, since they were developed based on the P6 architecture, where this feature did not yet exist.

First generation - Nehalem

Next, the numbering of generations was started from the beginning, because all the following architectures are improved versions of Intel Core. The Nehalem architecture replaced Core, which had some limitations, such as the inability to increase the clock speed. She appeared in 2007. It uses a 45 nm tech process and has added support for Hyper-Therading technology.

Nehalem processors have a 64 KB L1 cache, 4 MB L2 cache and 12 MB L3 cache. The cache is available to all processor cores. It also became possible to integrate a graphics accelerator into the processor. The frequency has not changed, but the performance and size of the printed circuit board have increased.

Second generation - Sandy Bridge

Sandy Bridge appeared in 2011 to replace Nehalem. It already uses a 32 nm process technology, it uses the same amount of first-level cache, 256 MB of second-level cache and 8 MB of third-level cache. Experimental models used up to 15 MB of shared cache.

Also, now all devices are available with a built-in graphics accelerator. The maximum frequency has been increased, as well as overall performance.

Third generation - Ivy Bridge

Ivy Bridge processors are faster than Sandy Bridge, and they are manufactured using a 22 nm process technology. They consume 50% less energy than previous models and also provide 25-60% higher performance. The processors also support Intel Quick Sync technology, which allows you to encode video several times faster.

Fourth generation - Haswell

The Intel Haswell generation of processor was developed in 2012. The same technical process was used here - 22 nm, the cache design was changed, power consumption mechanisms were improved and performance was slightly improved. But the processor supports many new connectors: LGA 1150, BGA 1364, LGA 2011-3, DDR4 technology, and so on. The main advantage of Haswell is that it can be used in portable devices due to its very low power consumption.

Fifth generation - Broadwell

This is an improved version of the Haswell architecture, which uses the 14 nm process technology. In addition, several improvements have been made to the architecture, which improve performance by an average of 5%.

Sixth generation - Skylake

The next architecture of intel core processors, the sixth generation Skylake, was released in 2015. This is one of the most significant updates to the Core architecture. To install the processor on motherboard The LGA 1151 socket is used, DDR4 memory is now supported, but DDR3 support is retained. Thunderbolt 3.0 is supported, as well as DMI 3.0, which gives twice the speed. And by tradition, there was increased productivity, as well as reduced energy consumption.

Seventh generation - Kaby Lake

New, seventh Core generation- Kaby Lake was released this year, the first processors appeared in mid-January. There weren't many changes here. The 14 nm process technology is retained, as well as the same LGA 1151 socket. DDR3L SDRAM and DDR4 SDRAM memory sticks, PCI Express 3.0 buses, and USB 3.1 are supported. In addition, the frequency was slightly increased and the transistor density was reduced. Maximum frequency 4.2 GHz.

conclusions

In this article, we looked at the Intel processor architectures that were used in the past, as well as those that are used now. Next, the company plans to switch to the 10 nm process technology and this generation of Intel processors will be called CanonLake. But Intel is not ready for this yet.

Therefore, in 2017 it is planned to release an improved version of SkyLake under the code name Coffe Lake. It is also possible that there will be other Intel processor microarchitectures until the company fully masters the new process technology. But we will learn about all this over time. I hope you found this information helpful.

about the author

Founder and administrator of the site, I am fond of open software And operating system Linux. I currently use Ubuntu as my main OS. In addition to Linux, I am interested in everything related to information technology and modern science.

The processor is the main component of a computer; without it, nothing will work. Since the release of the first processor, this technology has been developing at a rapid pace. The architectures and generations of AMD and Intel processors have changed.

In one of the previous articles we looked at, in this article we will look at generations of AMD processors, look at where it all began, and how they improved until the processors became what they are now. Sometimes it is very interesting to understand how technology has developed.

As you already know, initially, the company that produced computer processors was Intel. But the US government did not like the fact that such an important part for the defense industry and the country's economy was produced by only one company. On the other hand, there were others who wanted to produce processors.

AMD was founded, Intel shared all its developments with them and allowed AMD to use its architecture to produce processors. But this did not last long; after a few years, Intel stopped sharing new developments and AMD had to improve its processors themselves. By the concept of architecture we will mean microarchitecture, the arrangement of transistors on a printed circuit board.

First processor architectures

First, let's take a quick look at the first processors released by the company. The very first was the AM980, which was a full eight-bit Intel 8080 processor.

The next processor was the AMD 8086, a clone of the Intel 8086, which was produced under a contract with IBM, which forced Intel to license the architecture to a competitor. The processor was 16-bit, had a frequency of 10 MHz, and was manufactured using a 3000 nm process technology.

The next processor was a clone of the Intel 80286 - AMD AM286, compared to the device from Intel, it had a higher clock frequency, up to 20 MHz. The process technology has been reduced to 1500 nm.

Next was the AMD 80386 processor, a clone of the Intel 80386. Intel was against the release of this model, but the company managed to win the lawsuit in court. Here, too, the frequency was raised to 40 MHz, while Intel had it only 32 MHz. Technological process - 1000 nm.

AM486 is the latest processor released based on Intel's developments. The processor frequency was raised to 120 MHz. Further, due to litigation, AMD was no longer able to use Intel technologies and they had to develop their own processors.

Fifth generation - K5

AMD released its first processor in 1995. It had a new architecture that was based on the previously developed RISC architecture. Regular instructions were recoded into microinstructions, which helped greatly improve productivity. But here AMD could not beat Intel. The processor had a clock speed of 100 MHz, while the Intel Pentium already ran at 133 MHz. The 350 nm process technology was used to manufacture the processor.

Sixth generation - K6

AMD did not develop a new architecture, but decided to acquire NextGen and use its Nx686 developments. Although this architecture was very different, it also used instruction conversion to RISC, and it also did not beat the Pentium II. The processor frequency was 350 MHz, power consumption was 28 Watt, and the process technology was 250 nm.

The K6 architecture had several improvements in the future, with several sets added to the K6 II additional instructions, improved performance, and the K6 III added L2 cache.

Seventh generation - K7

In 1999, a new processor microarchitecture appeared AMD Athlon. Here the clock frequency was significantly increased, up to 1 GHz. The second level cache was placed on a separate chip and had a size of 512 KB, the first level cache was 64 KB. For manufacturing, a 250 nm process technology was used.

Several more processors based on the Athlon architecture were released; in Thunderbird, the second level cache returned to the main integrated circuit, which increased performance, and the process technology was reduced to 150 nm.

In 2001, processors based on the AMD Athlon Palomino processor architecture with a clock frequency of 1733 MHz, 256 MB L2 cache and a 180 nm process technology were released. Power consumption reached 72 watts.

Improvements in the architecture continued and in 2002 the company launched Athlon Thoroughbred processors, which used a 130 nm process technology and ran at a clock speed of 2 GHz. Barton's next improvement increased the clock speed to 2.33 GHz and doubled the L2 cache size.

In 2003, AMD released the K7 Sempron architecture, which had a clock frequency of 2 GHz, also with a 130 nm process technology, but was cheaper.

Eighth generation - K8

All previous generations of processors were 32-bit, and only the K8 architecture began to support 64-bit technology. The architecture has undergone many changes, now the processors could theoretically work with 1 TB of RAM, the memory controller was moved into the processor, which improved performance compared to the K7. Also added here new technology HyperTransport data exchange.

The first processors based on the K8 architecture were Sledgehammer and Clawhammer, they had a frequency of 2.4-2.6 GHz and the same 130 nm process technology. Power consumption - 89 W. Further, as with the K7 architecture, the company made slow improvements. In 2006, Winchester, Venice, San Diego processors were released, which had a clock frequency of up to 2.6 GHz and a 90 nm process technology.

In 2006, the Orleans and Lima processors were released, which had a clock frequency of 2.8 GHz. The latter already had two cores and supported DDR2 memory.

Along with the Athlon line, AMD released the Semron line in 2004. These processors had lower frequencies and cache sizes, but were cheaper. Frequencies up to 2.3 GHz and second-level cache up to 512 KB were supported.

In 2006, the development of the Athlon line continued. The first dual-core Athlon X2 processors were released: Manchester and Brisbane. They had a clock speed of up to 3.2 GHz, a 65 nm process technology and a power consumption of 125 W. In the same year, the budget Turion line was introduced, with a clock frequency of 2.4 GHz.

Tenth generation - K10

The next architecture from AMD was K10, it is similar to K8, but received many improvements, including increased cache, improved memory controller, IPC mechanism, and most importantly, it is a quad-core architecture.

The first was the Phenom line, these processors were used as server processors, but they had a serious problem that led to the processor freezing. AMD later fixed it in software, but this reduced performance. Processors in the Athlon and Operon lines were also released. The processors operated at a frequency of 2.6 GHz, had 512 KB of second-level cache, 2 MB of third-level cache and were manufactured using a 65 nm process technology.

The next improvement in the architecture was the Phenom II line, in which AMD transitioned the process technology to 45 nm, which significantly reduced power consumption and heat consumption. Quad-core Phenom II processors had frequencies up to 3.7 GHz, third-level cache up to 6 MB. The Deneb processor already supported DDR3 memory. Then dual-core and triple-core processors Phenom II X2 and X3 were released, which did not gain much popularity and operated at lower frequencies.

In 2009, budget AMD Athlon II processors were released. They had a clock speed of up to 3.0 GHz, but to reduce the price the third level cache was cut out. The line included a quad-core Propus processor and a dual-core Regor. In the same year, the Semton product line was updated. They also did not have L3 cache and ran at a clock speed of 2.9 GHz.

In 2010, the six-core Thuban and quad-core Zosma were released, which could operate at a clock speed of 3.7 GHz. The processor frequency could change depending on the load.

Fifteenth generation - AMD Bulldozer

In October 2011, the K10 was replaced by a new architecture - Bulldozer. Here the company tried to use a large number of cores and high clock speeds to get ahead of Intel's Sandy Bridge. The first Zambezi chip couldn't even beat the Phenom II, let alone Intel.

A year after the release of Bulldozer, AMD released an improved architecture, codenamed Piledriver. Here, clock speed and performance have been increased by approximately 15% without increasing power consumption. The processors had a clock frequency of up to 4.1 GHz, consumed up to 100 W and were manufactured using a 32 nm process technology.

Then the FX line of processors based on the same architecture was released. They had clock speeds of up to 4.7 GHz (5 GHz overclocked), were available in four-, six- and eight-core versions, and consumed up to 125 W.

The next Bulldozer improvement, Excavator, was released in 2015. Here the process technology has been reduced to 28 nm. The processor clock speed is 3.5 GHz, the number of cores is 4, and power consumption is 65 W.

Sixteenth generation - Zen

This is a new generation of AMD processors. The Zen architecture was developed by the company from scratch. The processors will be released this year, expected in the spring. The 14 nm process technology will be used for their production.

The processors will support DDR4 memory and generate 95 watts of heat. The processors will have up to 8 cores, 16 threads, and operate at a clock speed of 3.4 GHz. Energy efficiency has also been improved and automatic overclocking has been announced, where the processor adapts to your cooling capabilities.

conclusions

In this article we looked at AMD processor architectures. Now you know how they developed processors from AMD and how things are going on this moment Now. You can see that some generations of AMD processors are missing, these are mobile processors, and we intentionally excluded them. I hope this information was useful to you.

AMD processors first appeared on the market in 1974, following the presentation by Intel of its first 8080-type models and were their first clones. However, the very next year the am2900 model of its own design was introduced, which was a microprocessor kit that began to be produced not only by the company itself, but also by Motorola, Thomson, Semiconductor and others. It is worth noting that the Soviet microsimulator MT1804 was also made on the basis of this kit.

AMD Am29000 processors

The next generation - Am29000 - full-fledged processors that combine all the components of the kit into one device. They were a 32-bit processor based on the RISC architecture, with an 8 KB cache. Production began in 1987 and ended in 1995.

In addition to its own developments, AMD also produced processors manufactured under license from Intel and bearing similar markings. So, the Intel 8088 model corresponded to Am8088, Intel 80186 - Am80186, and so on. Some models were upgraded and received their own markings, slightly different from the original ones, for example Am186EM - an improved analogue of Intel 80186.

AMD C8080A processors

In 1991, a line of processors designed for desktop computers was introduced. The series was designated Am386 and used microcode developed for the Intel 80386. For embedded systems, similar processor models were launched into production only in 1995.

AMD Am386 processors

But already in 1993, the Am486 series was introduced, intended for installation only in its own 168-pin PGA connector. The cache ranged from 8 to 16 KB in upgraded models. The family of embedded microprocessors is designated Elan.

AMD Am486DX processors

Series K

In 1996, production of the first family of the K series began, designated K5. To install the processor, a universal socket was used, called Socket 5. Some models of this family were designed for installation in Socket 7. The processors had a single core, the bus frequency was 50-66 MHz, and the clock frequency was 75-133 MHz. The cache was 8+16 KB.

AMD5k series processors

The next generation of the K series is the K6 processor family. During their production, proper names begin to be assigned to the kernels on which they are based. So, for the AMD K6 model the corresponding code name is Littlefood, AMD K6-2 - Chomper, K6-3 - Snarptooth. The standard for installation in the system was a Socket 7 and Super Socket 7 connector. The processors had one core and operated at frequencies from 66 to 100 MHz. The first level cache was 32 KB. For some models there was also a second level cache, 128 or 256 KB in size.

AMD K6 Processor Family

Since 1999, the production of Athlon models began, part of the K7 series, which have received widespread and well-deserved recognition from many users. In the same line there are also budget models Duron, as well as Sempron. The bus frequency ranged from 100 to 200 MHz. The processors themselves had clock frequencies from 500 to 2333 MHz. They had 64 KB of first-level cache and 256 or 512 KB of second-level cache. The installation connector was designated as Socket A or Slot A. Production ended in 2005.

AMD K7 series

The K8 series was introduced in 2003 and includes both single-core and dual-core processors. The number of models is quite varied, as processors have been released for both desktop computers and mobile platforms. Various connectors are used for installation, the most popular of which are Socket 754, S1, 939, AM2. The bus frequency ranges from 800 to 1000 MHz, and the processors themselves have clock speeds from 1400 MHz to 3200 MHz. L1 cache is 64 KB, L2 - from 256 KB to 1 MB. An example of successful use is some Toshiba laptop models based on Opteron processors, codenamed according to the core codename - Santa Rosa.

AMD K10 Processor Family

In 2007, the release of a new generation of K10 processors began, represented by only three models - Phenom, Athlon X2 and Opteron. The processor bus frequency is 1000 - 2000 MHz, and the clock frequency can reach 2600 MHz. All processors have 2, 3 or 4 cores depending on the model, and the cache is 64 KB for the first level, 256-512 KB for the second level and 2 MB for the third level. Installation is carried out in connectors such as Socket AM2, AM2+, F.

The logical continuation of the K10 line is called K10.5, which includes processors with 2-6 cores, depending on the model. The processor bus frequency is 1800-2000 MHz, and the clock frequency is 2500-3700 MHz. The work uses 64+64 KB of L1 cache, 512 KB of L2 cache and 6 MB of third-level cache. Installation is carried out in Socket AM2+ and AM3.

AMD64

In addition to the series presented above, AMD produces processors based on the Bulldozer and Piledriver microarchitecture, manufactured using a 32 nm process technology and containing 4-6 cores, the clock speed of which can reach 4700 MHz.

AMD a10 processors

Nowadays, processor models designed for installation in the FM2 socket, including hybrid processors of the Trinity family, are very popular. This is due to the fact that the previous implementation of Socket FM1 did not receive the expected recognition due to relatively low performance, as well as limited support the platform itself.

The core itself consists of three parts, including graphics system with the Devastrator core, which came from Radeon video cards, the processor part from the x-86 Piledriver core and the north bridge, which is responsible for organizing work with RAM, supporting almost all modes, up to DDR3-1866.

The most popular models of this family are A4-5300, A6-5400, A8-5500 and 5600, A10-5700 and 5800.

The flagship models of the A10 series operate with a clock frequency of 3 - 3.8 GHz, and when overclocked they can reach 4.2 GHz. The corresponding values ​​for A8 are 3.6 GHz, with overclocking - 3.9 GHz, A6 - 3.6 GHz and 3.8 GHz, A4 - 3.4 and 3.6 GHz.

Let's figure out what the main differences are between the processors of the world leaders - Intel and AMD.

We will also consider their positive and negative sides.

Major CPU Manufacturers

Everyone understands perfectly well that the market computer technology There are two leading companies that are engaged in the development and production of the Central Processing Unit (central processing unit), or, more simply put, processors.

These devices combine millions of transistors and other logic elements, and are electronic devices highest difficulty.

The whole world uses computers whose heart is an electronic chip from either Intel or AMD, so it’s no secret that both of these companies are constantly fighting for leadership in this area.

But let's leave these companies alone and move on to the average user, who is faced with a choice dilemma - what is preferable - Intel or AMD?

Whatever you say, there is not and cannot be a definite answer to this question, since both manufacturers have enormous potential, and their CPUs are capable of meeting the current requirements.

When choosing a processor for your device, the user primarily focuses on its performance and cost - relying on these two criteria as the main ones.

The majority of users have long been divided into two opposing camps, becoming ardent supporters of Intel or AMD products.

Let's look at all the weak and strengths devices of these leading companies, so that when choosing a particular one, rely not on speculation, but on specific facts and characteristics.

Advantages and disadvantages of Intel processors

So, what are the advantages of Intel processors?

• First of all it is very high performance and performance in applications and games, which are most optimized for Intel processors.
• Under the control of these processors, the system operates with maximum stability.
• It is worth noting that the second and third level memory of Intel CPUs operates at more high speeds than in similar processors from AMD.
• Multithreading, which is implemented, plays a big role in performance when working with optimized applications by Intel in CPUs such as Core i7.

Advantages and disadvantages of AMD processors

• The advantages of AMD processors include, first of all, their affordability in terms of cost, which is perfectly combined with performance.
• A huge advantage is the multi-platform, which allows you to replace one processor model with another without the need to change the motherboard.
• That is, a processor designed for socket AM3 can be installed on socket AM2+ without any negative consequences.
• One cannot fail to note multitasking, which many AMD processors cope well with, simultaneously running three applications.
• In addition, FX series processors have quite good overclocking potential, which is sometimes extremely necessary.

• The disadvantages of AMD CPUs include higher power consumption than Intel, as well as operation at more low speeds memory cache of the second and third levels.
• It should also be noted that most processors belonging to the FX line require additional cooling, which will have to be purchased separately.
• And another disadvantage is that fewer games and applications are adapted and written for the AMD processor than for Intel.

Current connectors from Intel

Today many leading manufacturers central processing units equipped with two current connectors. From Intel they are as follows:

• LGA 2011 v3 is a combined connector that is focused on the rapid assembly of high-performance personal computer both for servers and for the end user. The key feature of such a platform is the presence of a RAM controller that successfully operates in multi-channel mode. Thanks to this important feature, PCs with such processors are characterized by unprecedented performance. It must be said that within the framework of such a platform an integrated subsystem is not used. Unlocking the potential of such chips is only possible with the help of discrete graphics. To do this, you should use only the best video cards;
• Thanks to LGA, you can easily organize not only a high-performance computing system, but also a budget PC. For example, a socket LGA 1151 perfect for creating a mid-price computing station, at the same time it will have a powerful built-in graphics core Intel series Graphics and support DDR4 memory.

Current AMD connectors

Today AMD is promoting the following processor sockets:

• The main computing platform for such a developer is considered AM3+. The most productive CPUs are considered to be the FX model range, which includes up to eight computing modules. In addition, such a platform supports an integrated graphics subsystem. However, here the graphics core is included in the motherboard, and is not integrated into the semiconductor crystals;
• the latest modern AMD processor socket – FM3+. AMD's new CPUs are intended to be used in desktop computers and media centers not only at entry-level, but also at mid-level. Thanks to this, the most modern integrated solution will be available to the average user for a fairly small amount.

Working possibilities

Many people first pay attention to the price of the processor. It is also important for them that he can easily solve the tasks assigned to him.

So, what can both organizations offer on this point? AMD is not known for outstanding achievements.

But this processor represents an excellent price-performance ratio. If you configure it correctly, you can expect stable operation without any complaints.

It is worth noting that AMD managed to implement multitasking. Thanks to such a processor, various applications can be easily launched.

With its help, you can simultaneously install the game and surf the vast expanses of the Internet.

But Intel is known for more modest results in this area, which is confirmed by the comparison of processors.

It would not be superfluous to pay attention to the availability of overclocking, during which the performance of an AMD processor can easily be increased by twenty percent compared to standard settings.

To do this, you just need to use additional software.

Intel beats AMD in almost everything except multitasking. In addition, Intel is working with

So you should select the motherboard and power supply much more carefully to prevent freezes due to insufficient power.

Power consumption chart for Intel and AMD It's the same story with heat dissipation. It is quite high in older models. As a result, a standard cooler has difficulty coping with increased cooling.

Therefore, when purchasing a CPU from AMD, you must additionally purchase high-quality cooling from any decent company. Don't forget that high-quality fans make much less noise.

Socket type and performance

We should also say something about performance. After AMD acquired ATI, its creators managed to successfully integrate most graphic capabilities processing in the processor cores. Such efforts have paid off successfully.

Those who use an AMD chip for gaming should have no doubt that they are getting good performance, which is much better than the performance of equivalent chips from Intel (this is especially true for those who use a card with ATI graphics).

If it comes to heavy multitasking, then it is better to choose Intel, since it has HyperTreasing technology.

However, this advantage can only be used when software application capable of supporting multitasking, that is, the ability to divide tasks into several small parts.

If the user needs a gaming processor, it is better to combine an AMD processor with a video card.

So, between processor sockets Intel and AMD are a big difference. When choosing the right option, consider the differences between them listed in this article. This will make choosing the right option much easier.