Fixed telephone connection – last years or just the beginning?

Even 20 years ago availability landline phone in the apartment was an important factor. For many people, it opened a window into the world of communication with relatives, friends and acquaintances, and distances played almost no role. Presence subscriber line increased not only the status of its inhabitants, but also the cost of housing. Moreover, potential subscribers were ready to pay any money, stand in queues and even go the “last mile” on their own for the sake of the coveted socket near the baseboard. However, with the advent mobile communications, and especially the cellular PSTN monopoly was destroyed. The benefits of a new means of communication are countless and now more and more people are choosing mobile communications. However, despite the comparable cost, lack of mobility and a wide range of additional services, it is still too early to say goodbye to landline communications. It has some advantages that are not visible at first glance, which give it the right to exist in the future.

Advantages cellular communications over the stationary are obvious. Let's look at the other side of this issue. The most noticeable difference between fixed and mobile communications is the way of organizing the “last mile”, i.e. connections between the network core and . In any mobile network there is a section where a radio connection is used. This is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. The radio connection allows the subscriber to move in space. However, this is the least protected section of the network, because access to it is practically unprotected. It can be affected by both internal and external interference, and the only protection will be the noise immunity of the system itself. Despite the abundance of various algorithms for counteracting interference, some of them still have a negative impact. This, in turn, leads to interference during telephone conversation, loss of communication and disconnection. In the PSTN, the access network is based on a wired connection (copper and/or optical network), which is much more noise-resistant. In addition, another disadvantage of a radio connection is its lower resistance to attackers, who can both read information from the radio air and interfere with the operation of the system. However, the latter problem has been largely resolved with the advent of third () and fourth () generation cellular communication systems. Also, a fixed network is usually built with much less potential for blocking on the access network than a cellular network. In addition, it should be noted that in practice fixed networks are more resistant to critical situations. During emergencies, cellular networks are overloaded faster than fixed-line networks and cannot serve as a guaranteed method of communication.

The noted advantages provide reasons for the existence of fixed networks in the future. But, most likely, they will no longer be similar to the previously existing networks. The networks currently in use are morally and physically obsolete and cannot meet all existing subscriber demands. The main changes will affect, firstly, the method of organization. These will no longer be “thick” bundles of worn-out copper wires, but ones that will fit all the way to the apartment. The use of broadband is due to the ever-increasing needs for the quality and speed of Internet access. It is clear that if you have a high-speed communication line, there is no need for twisted pair cables. The second major change will be the transition from circuit switching technology to packet switching. The protocol will most likely be used, which will ultimately give the technology - effective method organizing voice streams in data transmission channels.

Thus, according to at least In the next few decades, fixed-line communications will still occupy a significant segment of the telecommunications market. The main task of fixed-line operators is not to miss the spirit of the times and carry out timely modernization of the operating network.

Now we will look at aspects of the implementation of the IN protocol of the CAMEL mobile network and how the FMC fixed-mobile convergence service operates on its basis. Useful for those who are pragmatically interested in telephony in the office or more theoretically - how some aspects of mobile communications work in principle.

What does it mean?

1. Simple numbers: No more remembering or writing down long DEF numbers. You can reach any employee by calling his very short office number.
2. With FMC you can simply dial a number and immediately connect to the desired fixed telephone without having to dial any additional numbers on the PBX. Connection time is reduced by about a minute.
3. You can create individual rules for incoming and outgoing communications: for example, no more “extra” calls after hours.

Let's start with aspects of the implementation of the IN protocol of the CAMEL mobile network.

How it works?

If we remember the basics of construction GSM networks, then in principle its structure can be depicted as follows.

• BTS(Base Transceiver Station) – base station. Its functions include radio signal formation, encryption, installation and maintenance of the signal at the physical level.
• BSC(Base Station Controller) – base station controller. This node is responsible for managing a group of base stations, regulating the signal level and conducting handover (switching a call from one base station to another in talk mode).
• M.S.C.(Mobile Switching Center) – mobile switching center. Its functions include directly connecting a call between two (or more) subscribers. In practice, this node is often combined with a VLR (Visitor Location Register) - a guest location register, a database responsible for storing all user information about subscribers registered in the coverage area of ​​a given switch.
• HLR(Home Location Register) – home (reference) location register. Distributed database that stores all information about subscribers mobile operator: their services, settings and current status.
• АuC– (Authentication Center) – authentication center responsible for verifying the subscriber’s authenticity when registering on the network.

If we consider their interaction from the point of view of signaling, then initially the interaction of the elements was built on the basis of the SS7 signaling protocol (Common Channel Signaling No. 7).

Then, in light of the development of IP networks, this protocol was refined and turned into SigTRAN (Signaling Transport, a transport signaling protocol based on TCP\IP networks)

More details on the structure of the GSM network and OX7 alarms can be found in these posts (special thanks for a couple of pictures taken from the authors).

Now let’s move on directly to the implementation features of the INAP/CAMEL intelligent service protocols. INAP(Intellectual Network Application Part, intelligent network application protocol) is an Ericsson protocol that came to mobile networks from fixed, CAMEL(Customized Applications for Mobile Enhanced Logic) is a protocol designed exclusively for mobile networks, expanding their functionality. Specifications (primarily 3GPP TS 23.078), on this moment, 4 versions of this protocol are described.

If we touch on the technical side of the implementation, then in a simplified form it looks like this:

When connecting any CAMEL services to a subscriber’s billing, the O-CSI(Originating CAMEL Subscription Information, information about CAMEL subscriptions for outgoing calls) and/or T-CSI(Terminating CAMEL Subscription Information, information about CAMEL subscriptions for incoming calls) subscriptions that are responsible for the logic for processing outgoing and incoming calls, respectively. The subscription parameters indicate the address of the gsmSCF platform containing the logic for further call processing, service key – a unique identifier for each of the available CAMEL services and Default call handling (the “default” call handling scenario) – the action that needs to be performed with the call in case bypass activation. The value can be adjusted depending on the functionality and logic of the service. For example, if it is necessary that if the CAMEL platform hangs or is overloaded, the call will still go through, then you need to set the value this parameter"Continue." And if you need to stop processing this call – “Release”.

A classic example is disabling tariffs for prepaid subscribers in cases of overload. In this case, Default call handling is set to “Continue”, i.e. a connection is established without generating CDRs (Call Data Records) in billing.

This feature was successfully used by students of one Rostov University who came from some banana republic in Central Africa. At the moment the bypass was triggered (they determined it by constant balance requests - when prepaid billing drops, an error begins to return to *102# requests), students began calling home, relatives and friends. And since the phenomenon of falling billing is a rare event ( New Year, March 8 and a couple of similar holidays), they tried to communicate with reserve.

CSE– CAMEL service environment (CAMEL Service Platform). IN-platform that stores all service logic.
SSF– Service Switching Function. This functionality is activated on switches and its main task is to “trigger” calls in all cases of mobile subscriber activity. Simply put, if the switch “sees” that the caller has an O-CSI subscription, it initiates a call to the IN platform.
SCF– Service Control Function. Functionality on the side of the IN platform, which processes the request, responds to it, and correctly completes the dialogue between nodes.

When an incoming call arrives at a CAMEL subscriber, the network initiates a sequence of actions called Two step HLR interrogation(two-step implementation on HLR). Schematically, it is shown in the picture below.

The MSC receives an incoming call.
First of all, MSC sends a MAP (Mobile Application Part) request Send Routing Info(request for routing information) towards HLR. The response message must provide information about the current status of the subscriber (on, off, in conversation, etc.), which the HLR, in turn, requests to the MSC/VLR with a message Provide Subscriber Information(providing user information), as well as information about existing T-CSI subscriptions.

After this, at the CAP protocol level (CAMEL Application Part, the application part of the CAMEL protocol), a session is initiated towards the IN platform. Below I will give one of the possible scenarios for such a dialogue between MSC and the IN platform.

Message UDT BEGIN initialDP(DP - Detection Points, initiation of detection points) describes the process of the initial request towards the IN platform. The called (2) and calling (3) numbers are used as input parameters, as well as information from the T-CSI subscription: global title (address) of the platform and service key (1). In addition, the type of dialogue is indicated - incoming connection (4).

INITIAL DP ---
--- SERV KEY ---
SERV KEY: 51 (1)
--- CALLED NO ---
--- CALLED NO ---

INN IND: 1...... = Routing to internal network number not allowed

ADDRESS: 903041ХХХХ (2)
--- CALLING NO ---
--- CALLING NO ---
NOA: .0000011 = National (significant) number (national use)
NI: 0...... = Complete
NUMB PLAN: .001.... = ISDN (Telephony) numbering plan (Rec. E.164)


ADDRESS: 906361УУУУ (3)
---CLG PTY C ---
---CLG PTY C ---
CATEGORY: 10 = Ordinary Calling Subscriber
--- LOC NO ---
--- LOC NO ---
NOA: 04h = International number

NUMB PLAN: .001.... = ISDN (Telephony) numbering plan (Rec. E.164)
PRESENT IN: ....00.. = Presentation allowed
SCREENING: ......11 = Network provided
ADDRESS: 7962ZZZZZZZ
--- BEARER CAP ---
--- BEARER CAP ---
--- BEARER CAP ---

INFO TC: ...00000 = Speech
TRANS MODE: .00..... = Circuit mode
INFO TR: ...10000 = 64 kbit/s
LAYER ID: .01.....
USRINFO L1: ...00011 = Recommendation G.711 A-law
--- E TYP BCSM ---
E TYP BCSM: 12 = termAttemptAuthorized (4)

Message (BCSM – Basic Call State Model, basic model call setup) describes all possible events that can occur when trying to establish a voice connection: the subscriber is busy, unavailable, not answering. These are the “Detection points” that were initiated by the previous message. At the very end, the Connect message indicates the number to which the call must be connected. It could be either directly DEF number subscriber, as well as various technological numbers used to implement additional functionality. At the same stage, if the subscriber has restrictions on incoming communications, call processing will be interrupted with cause=ReleaseCall.

OPERATION ---
OPERATION: 23 = requestReportBCSMEvent
--- RQ RP BCSM ---
---BCSM EVTS ---
---BCSM EVENT ---
--- E TYP BCSM ---
E TYP BCSM: 17 = tDisconnect
--- MONIT MODE ---
MONIT MODE: 0 = interrupted
--- LEG ID ---
--- SEND SD ID ---
LEG TYPE: 02h = leg2
---BCSM EVENT ---
--- E TYP BCSM ---
E TYP BCSM: 15 = tAnswer
--- MONIT MODE ---
MONIT MODE: 1 = notifyAndContinue
--- LEG ID ---
--- SEND SD ID ---
LEG TYPE: 02h = leg2
---BCSM EVENT ---
--- E TYP BCSM ---
E TYP BCSM: 13 = tBusy
--- MONIT MODE ---
MONIT MODE: 0 = interrupted
--- LEG ID ---
--- SEND SD ID ---
LEG TYPE: 02h = leg2
---BCSM EVENT ---
--- E TYP BCSM ---
E TYP BCSM: 14 = tNoAnswer
--- MONIT MODE ---
MONIT MODE: 0 = interrupted
--- LEG ID ---
--- SEND SD ID ---
LEG TYPE: 02h = leg2
--- DP SP CRIT ---
--- APP TIMER ---
APP TIMER: 60
--- INVOKE ---
--- INVOKE ID ---
INVOKE ID: 1
=== CAP ===
--- INVOKE ---
--- OPERATION ---
OPERATION: 20 = connect
--- CONNECT ---
--- DST RT ADR ---
--- CALLED NO ---
--- CALLED NO ---
NOA: .0000010 = Unknown (national use)
INN IND: 0....... = Routing to internal network number allowed
NUMB PLAN: .001.... = ISDN (Telephony) numbering plan (Rec. E.164)
ADDRESS: 9031234567

Next message UDT CONTINUE eventReportBCSM indicates which of the described events ultimately occurred

CAP ===
--- INVOKE ---
--- OPERATION ---
OPERATION: 24 = eventReportBCSM
--- EV RP BCSM ---
--- E TYP BCSM ---
E TYP BCSM: 13 = tBusy
--- E S I BCSM ---
--- T BSY ---
--- BUSY CAUSE ---
--- CAUSE ---
CODING STD: .00..... = CCITT standardized coding
LOCATION: ....0000 = User
CAUSE VAL: .0010001 = User busy
--- REC SIDEID ---
--- REC SIDEID ---
LEG TYPE: 02h = leg2
--- MISC C INF ---
--- MSG TYPE ---
MSG TYPE: 0 = request

After the message UDT CONTINUE requestReportBCSMEvent connect a number has arrived to which a call needs to be connected, Second Interrogation is initiated (second call to the HLR), and then a call is made to the MSC/VLR to allocate an MSRN (Mobile Station Roaming Number, a temporary number used exclusively to connect a call to the incoming switch ). Then this number in the response message is returned to the MSC and a call is initiated at the ISUP protocol level.

Call scripts

If we consider the functionality of CAMEL directly in the context of the FMC service, then call scenarios can be divided into 3 main categories:

1. Calls from a mobile phone to mobile phone.

This scenario cannot be fully attributed to a converged service, but nevertheless, I propose to consider it. The calling subscriber dials a pre-known short number corresponding to the B-subscriber. During processing on the CAMEL platform, it is converted into a full-fledged DEF number, to which the call is connected.

2. Calls from a mobile phone to a fixed phone.

In this scenario mobile subscriber also dials a short number, and, during the analysis, it becomes clear that this is a number from a fixed network. In this case, a unique prefix is ​​inserted at the beginning of the number, which is used to register routing to the MSC-PBX interface. At the final MSC, the prefix is ​​cut off and the number that was initially dialed directly reaches the PBX. And then, already within the fixed network, the call is routed to the desired office telephone.

The peculiarity of these scenarios is that mobile numbers can be assigned short numbers, which will be similar in structure to office numbers.

Real life example: an employee has office phone with the number 5577 and a mobile phone with the number 15577. You can call it either by the first number (the office phone will ring) or the second (the mobile phone will ring).

It is also worth adding that a fixed connection can be organized both as a classic TDM connection and via SIP/RTP.

3. Calls from fixed line to mobile phone.

In this scenario, a call comes from the PBX to the mobile switch, which initiates a session to the CAMEL platform and returns the DEF number of the called mobile subscriber in the response message.

Benefits of tariffing

• Calls between mobile phones using short numbering are made at the price of a call within a closed group.
• Calls from mobile to fixed line are made at the price of a call within a closed group.
• Calls from intranet roaming are made at the price of a call within a closed group.

Additional savings can be obtained by clients who have their own distributed telephone network and are ready to organize several connections with switches on the Beeline network.

Since the beginning of the last century, businessmen, military men and professional revolutionaries knew for sure that if they controlled communications, this would guarantee them at least half of their success. Services telephone communication has been providing for 127 years MGTS company. It began operating in 1882 as a manual telephone exchange at 6 Kuznetsky Most in the house of the merchant Popov, and is now one of the largest local wire communications companies in Europe. It is through her example that we will consider all stages of the development of telephone communications in Russia.

Fixed connections

When it opened in 1882, the Bell Telephone Company had only 26 subscribers. But even before the beginning of the new century, she managed to collect about 3 thousand more - for those times the record was truly remarkable. By the way, back then the numbers consisted of only four digits - it was difficult to get lost, and telephone directories were not as voluminous as they are now. A little later, on December 31, 1898, the longest Moscow-St. Petersburg intercity line in Europe opened. By the way, the intercity station was located on Myasnitskaya Street, where the Central Telegraph Office was located (now the building of the Main Moscow Post Office).

The first telephone sets, external bells (the machines didn’t have them at first) and switchboards.

A telephone set mounted on the wall - there is no dial dial, all connections are through the operator, but there is a knob on the right, by turning which you could call a “young lady”.

But fixed-line communications gained true scope at the very beginning of the 20th century, when ownership of the Moscow telephone network passed to the Swedish-Danish-Russian joint-stock company. To popularize the service, talented managers lowered prices and began modernization - easily torn wires (the so-called "air wires") were removed into underground cables and in four years they built a Central Telephone Exchange with a capacity of up to 60 thousand numbers - this capacity was not immediately mastered and was introduced into operation gradually. The main working instrument of that time was a multiply (connecting) switch - an object vaguely reminiscent of a piano. At the moment of the opening of Hall "A" at the Central Station of such " musical instruments"there were 112 along the walls. And behind each of them sat a young lady with a headset - a set of earphone and microphone. Calls were processed manually - each incoming call was "took" by the distribution operator and passed on to a currently free colleague, who connected with the called subscriber It was with her that the subscriber spoke, naming his addressee. The work of the “telephone young lady" was difficult - 200 hours a month she had to sit on a hard chair with an iron microphone attached to her chest, heavy headphones and quickly get the plugs into the cells of the switchboard that stood in front of her. it. In an hour, it was possible to make up to 170 calls (excluding “sorry - busy”), but the work was wearing out. By the way, already in 1909, the first 26 public telephones were quickly installed within the city and 17 outside it The fee for the conversation was quite an impressive 10 kopecks, but it was “unlimited” - there was no limit on the duration of the conversation.

One of the first payphones - for 10 kopecks you could talk without interruption.

A later payphone - there are clear instructions for the user on how and what to do to establish a connection.

One of the versions of the operator connecting switch is not the very first, but a later one, from the 30s of the 20th century.

The trademark plaques are still in use today.

By the beginning of the revolutionary year of 1917, communications in the capital were so well established that V.I. Lenin, in his article “Marxism and Uprising,” clearly set the task for his subordinates to “take over the telephone and telegraph,” and in addition, “to locate our uprising headquarters near the Central telephone exchange" for convenient communication not only with factories, but also with loyal army units. That is, the slogan “The main thing is communication with the masses” was carried out precisely thanks to telephone communications. Already in 1918, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars "On the use of Moscow city telephones" was signed - in accordance with it, all Moscow telephones were transferred to the disposal of a special commission, and police departments, military commandant's offices, institutions and enterprises of the city were first to be provided with telephones , and only then - the population. The Bolsheviks did the most to install telephones in the capital - the latest technical solutions appeared in our country, although late, but worked for a long time and reliably. Fast and reliable communication was given great importance- fulfilling the party’s instructions to organize reliable communication lines to govern the country, I.V. Stalin himself in the early 1920s, after consulting with communist engineers, organized a contract with the Ericsson company. Under this contract, starting in 1930, the company supplied the first automatic telephone exchanges to Moscow. A little earlier, with the installation of a 100-number CB-100/20 switch in the Kremlin telephone room in September 1918 and the installation of an automatic telephone exchange (ATS VTsIK) in the Kremlin in 1922, the beginning of the ATS-1 system, better known as the “turntable”, was laid ". Unlike a conventional telephone network, where at that time the connection took place through an operator, subscribers connected to each other using a PBX and a rotary dialer. Subsequently, the system was intensively expanded, and was also equipped with access to other government and military communications systems (the so-called HF), which were often also popularly called “turntable”. Then, in the mid-30s, wired connection I went down to the metro - the strategic facility was fully equipped with telephones from the very beginning of construction.

Strict design of telephones - such devices could be located in the apartments of senior employees or connected to a “turntable” in their offices.

Special communications in the metro were organized using such devices.

Various formats of telephone directories - "turntable guide" in the center.

Special telephone directories (thick red books, the format reminiscent of a modern credit card) were regularly published for senior officials - there you could quickly find the numbers of all the country's leaders. “Beautiful numbers” were not valued at that time - even the top management was assigned them one by one, without any exceptions (however, the head of the Cheka, Comrade Dzerzhinsky, had number 007). The installation of the stations was carried out by foreign specialists, for whose services significant sums in convertible currency and gold were allocated. Domestic specialists learned quickly and not only absorbed foreign experience, but also created the so-called system at an accelerated pace. wiretapping - control telephone conversations in the interests of state security. Although the number of subscribers was increasing, everyone was known personally, many conversations were recorded on tape recorders, not only party comrades, army and intelligence officers were under control, but also calls through payphones to foreign embassies. Since then similar system has been modified several times and now operates under the names SORM and SORM-2.

A fragment of the first machine telephone exchange, installed in 1930, is a rarity of the communication system.

In 1942, the “young ladies” connecting subscribers to each other finally disappeared - everything began to be carried out automatically. By the way, one of these automatic ten-day-step stations is still in operation and is successfully used in the MGTS museum - despite its quite “combat” state, the main load has been removed from it, it works only as an exhibition item. The principle of operation in a simplified version comes down to the following: in one cabinet, one digit is typed with a characteristic click (a special lever is visually raised), in another - the second, in the third - the next, and so on for all seven digits. At this time, we hear a characteristic clicking sound in the tube. After the end of the conversation (when the subscriber hangs up), all raised levers are lowered. Since the mid-60s, in connection with the expansion of construction in Moscow, widespread installation of telephones began, then people often stood in line “for a telephone” for more than 15 years - longer than in line for apartments (yes, yes, there were no mobile phones yet at all).

At first, the body of payphones was made of wood, then vandal-proof ones were made of metal, and modern ones are made of durable plastic.

A typical mid-century telephone booth.

At the same time, widespread construction of a network of payphones begins - especially in new areas where there were no telephones at all in new buildings.

Domestic radiotelephones "Altai" were practically no different from Nokia, the only difference being that they were car-based, and Nokia was a wearable terminal.

Separately, it is worth mentioning telephone sets. The first models were, of course, imported, and the design was not ergonomic - the body of the device with a rigidly mounted microphone was attached to the wall. In this case, callers had to either stand on tiptoes or lean towards the microphone in order to be clearly heard. Only in 1927 the Krasnaya Zarya plant produced the first domestic telephone sets. By the way, it was domestic models that were equipped with both public payphones and the cars of responsible employees connected to the Altai radiotelephone network: approximately the same devices, in various modifications, of course, were installed in KGB and police vehicles.

In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 28, 2005 No. 161 “On approval of the Rules for connecting telecommunication networks and their interaction,” a fixed-line network means a telephone network common use, defined geographically within the service territory and using the numbering resource of geographically defined numbering zones. Fixed telephone networks include local, zonal, long-distance and international telephone networks.

The undisputed leader in the market for fixed telephone services is currently the national telecommunications company of Russia OJSC Rostelecom. The company has existed in its current form since April 2011, when the national long-distance operator OJSC Rostelecom was joined by interregional communications companies OJSC Svyazinvest.

The united company OJSC Rostelecom currently has the largest backbone network communications with a length of more than 500 thousand km and a unique infrastructure of access to more than 35 million Russian households.

In the local telephone market, Rostelecom's share of subscribers is at least 70%. In the intrazonal communication services market, the share of OJSC Rostelecom in terms of revenue is about 71%, and the share in terms of revenue from long-distance and international telephone communication services is 66%.

It should be noted that the merged OJSC Rostelecom is not only a leader in fixed telephony, but also a leader in Russian market Internet access. The total capacity of its client connections exceeds 1 Tb/s.

In total, more than 100 million people use the company’s various services.

In Russia as a whole, by the end of 2011 the number of fixed telephone connections was 30.93 per 100 people. However, it should be noted that this figure has been steadily declining for several years. The decline in the subscriber base in Russia as a whole is 2.5% - 3% per year. Thus, the total number of fixed telephone subscribers in 2012 decreased by more than 1 million and reached about 43 million people.

The main reason for this trend is the replacement of fixed telephone services with mobile services. This trend is mainly evident in the segment physical users. In the segment legal entities the decrease is very insignificant (0.4%) and therefore we can talk about the continued high demand for fixed telephone services in the corporate sector of the market.
It should be noted that against the backdrop of a general decline in demand for fixed-line telephone services, a reverse trend is observed in a number of regions (for example, Nizhny Novgorod), when the number of fixed-line subscribers has been steadily growing since 2009, contrary to the nationwide trend. This is explained by the fact that in these regions, in addition to telephone services, broadband Internet access services and various video services, including HD television services, are simultaneously provided via a fiber-optic subscriber access line.

All this suggests that fixed telephony has not yet exhausted its potential. Today it still has undeniable advantages over mobile communications. This is, first of all:

• high communication security, since interception of messages is significantly difficult;
• high reliability and quality of communication, which especially increases when access is organized via a fiber-optic communication line;
• high stability over time High Quality communications.

It should also be noted that the above advantages apply not only to the transmission of voice information, but also to the transmission of any other information, including broadband.

Considering that in Russia the broadband penetration level is only 14.7 connections per 100 people (which is half the level of developed countries), the provision of high-speed Internet access services and various video services for fixed-line network operators remains a fairly competitive growth point.

Main advantage Russian operators fixed telephone networks, and especially the company OJSC Rostelecom, is the presence of a developed packet network infrastructure, which makes it possible to transmit large volumes of information at the main and regional levels, and at the local level to “pull up” the optical cable infrastructure as close as possible to the user’s premises.

The main competitor to fixed broadband access using fiber-optic communication lines based on FTTX architecture or PON technology is broadband wireless mobile Internet access based on UMTS (3G) and LTE technologies.

According to experts, if operators “ big three“It will be possible to provide coverage of a significant part of the territory of Russia on the basis of LTE technology, then the ratio of income in mobile and fixed communication networks will remain unchanged. This means that more than half of all industry revenues will come from mobile services.

In this situation, fixed telephone networks must use technologies that ensure convergence of mobile and fixed telephony services. Thus, promising networks of large fixed-line operators should be built on the basis of IMS or IMS-Ready technology. Accordingly, all services in such a network must be provided over IP. This will allow, on the one hand. To provide subscribers with access to a very wide range of services, and on the other hand, to significantly reduce the costs of their provision.

A basic package of services in such networks may look like “Broadband Internet access + SIP telephony + IPTV”.

The Big Three operators have also realized the prospects of creating universal convergent communication networks and are actively building fixed-line networks in order to reduce the cost of transmitting their traffic, as well as introducing new multimedia services based on the SIP protocol for both mobile and fixed-line subscribers .

Thus, the main tasks of FSUE TsNIIS in the field of communication networks are:

• development of standard network solutions for the implementation of competitive wired and wireless broadband access technologies in telecom operator networks;
• development of system network solutions for the implementation of various video services in the networks of telecom operators, including HD television services;
• development of system-network solutions for creating a network infrastructure of universal convergent ALL-IP networks, ensuring the provision of mobile and fixed communication services;
• development of system and network solutions based on distributed combined NGN nodes that provide mobile and fixed telephone services;
• development of proposals for introducing changes and additions to the legislative and regulatory framework of the industry in order to ensure secure interconnection of convergent communication networks using VoIP technology.

12/11/2017, Mon, 12:36, Moscow time

IP telephony is gradually displacing traditional fixed-line communications from the market. More than 150 operators provide similar services on the Russian market. How to choose the most reliable one from them?

IP telephony is one of the most actively developing areas of the Russian telecommunications market. Analysts at J’son & Partners talk about the growth of this segment by an average of 30% per year in the period from 2010-2016. According to TelecomDaily estimates, in 2016 the volume of cloud PBX services increased by 16%. At the same time, all experts note that growth is due to the displacement of fixed-line communication services in the B2B segment.

IP telephony services are available wherever there is a data network. Their undoubted advantages include the absence of costs for equipment and support - this is handled by the provider, quick setup, convenient user interface and the ability to obtain analytics in real time. In addition, providers of such services are constantly working to expand functionality - integration with business applications, such as CRM and ERP, and the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of various advertising channels.

Among the main trends in this market are convergence, which increases the flexibility of business processes, mobility and the development of standard interfaces for rapid integration. Customers want to be able to independently and quickly change the configuration cloud PBX and its capacity, add new services.

Despite the undeniable advantages of IP telephony, today in the Russian market it is most in demand by small and medium-sized businesses. Large companies are traditionally more conservative and wary of the idea of ​​abandoning fixed-line services in corporate communications. In the same time, large operators Europe and the USA are already preparing to completely stop supporting traditional channels by 2025 and switch to broadband networks.

How to choose a provider

The Russian IP telephony market is highly competitive. However, most of the companies represented there are regional, focused on small businesses and do not have the infrastructure and resources to provide this service with high quality. The list of operators capable of providing services that fully meet the requirements of medium and especially large customers for communication quality, adaptability, security, reliability, SLA is not so long. Among them is the Beeline company, which has its own infrastructure and powerful technological base, has the resources to invest in technology development, and also has world-class expertise in IP telephony.

Today, IP telephony is actively developing thanks to cloud solutions - intelligent platforms, for example, “Mobile Enterprise”