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Running your own television channel is a rather complex and very specific type of business. However, if properly organized, such a business can become a very good source of income, and today it is much easier to engage in activities in this direction than it was even ten years ago. New methods of television broadcasting are emerging; no one can be surprised by broadcasting via satellite, but in Lately TV channels operating exclusively via the Internet are becoming increasingly widespread. Therefore, we can say that there are already enough prospects in this direction to seriously think about launching your own TV channel. Considering that now even the leading competitors, which are represented by state-owned and long-running channels, cannot satisfy the needs of a sufficiently large number of people, a newcomer has every chance to enter the market and quickly find its audience. The main thing is to correctly determine what people are interested in and what topics will be relevant.

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At first glance, it may seem that it is impossible to go on air today, because there are a huge number of TV channels on completely different topics. Yes, and a significant part of television users prefer to watch the “main”, “main” state channels, or rather they are used to it, since Soviet times, but sooner or later, tired of listening to propaganda, they begin to turn on alternative channels. Young people are less and less interested in television, but they are interested in something truly interesting, new and unusual. The region of work is also an important factor, because many entrepreneurs deal only with local television, which broadcasts within one region, and sometimes even a city.

Very few people can cover the entire country or at least a significant part of it, so to start your business you can choose a niche that is not occupied by local television and begin to develop your own direction. Then you can develop and increase your coverage area, and even if you have sufficient funds to expand to a large area, you should not start immediately with large-scale television if you have no experience in this field.

At first, it’s enough to learn how to maintain, run and promote your own television channel and only then try to win back part of the audience from the big players. At the same time, many TV channels eventually became bankrupt, and many remained to occupy their niche, without any desire to claim more.

To work, you need to register as a business entity. In this matter it is often better to formalize entity, and here a limited liability company is suitable, because it makes it possible to use a simplified taxation system. This implies the transfer of 6% of income or 15% of operating profit. The activity exactly falls within the definition of (OKPD 2) 60.2 Services in the field of television broadcasting.

After registration has been completed, you can begin to obtain licenses to carry out your activities. It must be said right away that each television channel is allocated its own frequencies on which the broadcast will take place. Therefore, the organization must receive them and buy them out, but at this stage difficulties may arise, due to which they will have to completely suspend their activities. The fact is that the number of frequencies is limited, and therefore it takes time to develop new ones, and this is sometimes done only upon application. Usually there are many more applicants than free frequencies, and applicants must participate in a competition to obtain them. In small towns, this problem usually does not occur, but in cities with a population of more than 200 thousand people, the frequency for on-air television broadcasting is issued only by competition. It is clear that it is sometimes quite difficult to obtain it even through legal means (we will not explain why), and it is very desirable for an entrepreneur to have the necessary contacts. In general, everything in this business is the same as everywhere else in this country.

Therefore, the city of work is selected first. Beginning entrepreneurs can even come to an agreement with already operating TV channels to work on their frequencies in a certain city at a strictly designated time; everyone knows that even on the main TV channels there is, so to speak, “local television time”, when a regional company, working under brand of the main TV channel, goes on air. The same main TV channels almost certainly do not have this opportunity - other companies have taken advantage of it long ago, so only lesser-known channels are worth considering. The main advantage in such work is a rather large audience, the main disadvantage is the need to work according to someone else’s instructions and pay considerable money for it. In general, this can be compared to working under a franchise agreement; in many cases, this is exactly what is concluded.

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There is another option - to rent a frequency that is still free (that is, on which broadcasting does not take place), but has already been purchased by an organization or an individual. But in this case you need to count on very large rental amounts. If you have decided to work exclusively on your own frequencies, then after determining the location you need to submit applications to the Main Radio Frequency Center for the development of frequencies. There are frequencies of analogue and digital television broadcasting. At this stage, the GRFC selects frequencies, tests them and checks whether the signal overlaps the signals of other structures - primarily the military.

After the examination, a conclusion is issued, and it is necessary to immediately distinguish between the possibility of broadcasting within this country or throughout the world; the second is much more complicated, but is unlikely to be needed by a novice entrepreneur. Next, you need to register as an enterprise operating in the media field. If the work will be carried out (or rather, broadcast) only on the territory of one subject Russian Federation, then it is enough to send a request to the territorial body of Roskomnadzor, but if there are two or more regions, then you need to contact the main office of Roskomnadzor in Moscow.

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Next, licenses are obtained for the above-mentioned implementation of on-air television broadcasting (this permission is issued only if there are own frequencies) and communication services for the purposes of on-air broadcasting. Finally, the final stage is obtaining permission to use frequencies, which is issued only based on the results of an examination at the GRFC. As you can understand, this entire procedure is a very lengthy and costly undertaking; you need to visit more than one institution and, most importantly, lose a lot of time waiting for decisions on examination, development and testing. If you don’t pass the competition for frequencies, then you can wait a very long time for the next such competition, and sometimes the time limit is not years, but tens of years. And what is most unpleasant in this situation for an entrepreneur (who does not have the necessary contacts, of course) is that no company can officially help in this matter.

Otherwise, all licensing and obtaining permits can be transferred to a third-party company, which helps in obtaining licenses. However, her services can cost a considerable amount, because you will also have to pay all the fees in addition to the cost of the work itself. However, in most cases, working with a third-party company does save a lot of hassle, and the entrepreneur can spend time getting their TV studio up and running rather than bypassing establishments. Also, such a company provides a certain guarantee that the issue will be resolved in favor of the customer, while it can take a very long time to obtain permission on your own. In general, everyone chooses for themselves the method of obtaining licenses.

Next comes the search for premises to organize your own television studio. It is not always necessary to rent a room and purchase equipment; you can contact an already operating television studio and agree to work on its territory. In this case, it will be enough to pay the rent, but it will almost certainly be impossible to launch a full-scale operation, because the capacity of third-party companies will not be enough to simultaneously service two enterprises.

Your own television studio must have a large enough area to accommodate broadcast equipment, as well as, if necessary, to organize premises for filming and staff work. Everything here, perhaps, depends on the chosen topic of the TV channel, because not every TV channel films reports and interviews, conducts any filming in the studio and generally needs a large staff of workers and is engaged in extensive activities. Therefore, it can be a small room in which only equipment is located, or a huge television center employing several dozen people.

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No television studio can do without special equipment. Sufficiently powerful transmitters and peripherals, to cover a large area, you need to install antennas on special towers, and here you need to cooperate with the owners of such towers. Typically, one tower houses transmitters from several companies at once, so you don’t have to rent a tower just for yourself. The cost of the transceiver equipment itself can vary greatly; perhaps the determining factor is the power of the transmitting signal, and the price range can be very large. The cost of equipment is also affected by the country of manufacture, as well as the brand of equipment. Some companies are engaged in setting up a television studio, which involves not only the supply of equipment, but also its configuration, maintenance and selection of devices depending on the required working conditions. In other words, a comprehensive solution to this issue is proposed, and cooperation with such a company can deprive the entrepreneur of many problems. However, it must be taken into account that a campaign for its services will require a certain amount of money, and sometimes it is more profitable for a businessman to set up the equipment himself; in any case, in the future, the organization will need specialists to service the devices, and therefore similar work can be initially transferred to already found employees. Television broadcast equipment is quite expensive, so the cost of a complete set usually runs into tens of thousands of dollars. If possible, you can buy used devices, which will significantly reduce the amount of the initial investment. If you don’t have the funds to purchase the necessary equipment, you can contact a bank or other credit institution to get a loan, but in this case you will have to provide a detailed and promising business plan.

An important factor in the success of a TV channel is a good team that is able to follow the chosen topic, create something new and know how to attract an audience. Working in a television studio is inherently a creative process, although in some cases it requires simply following the chosen working methods. The size of the full-time employees is determined by the entrepreneur himself, usually this includes journalists, interviewers, presenters; camera operators, editing specialists, sound engineers and all possible participants in the filming process; a large number of people who are service personnel.

We also must not forget about the people who are involved in marketing, conduct negotiations, and develop program concepts. However, theoretically, a team of several people can develop content, fill programs and maintain equipment; in exceptional cases, this can be done alone. You will often have to pay not only full-time employees, but also externally hired personnel, as well as people who participate in the filming, who are interviewed, invited to broadcasts, and involved in other studio activities. The wage fund can become a fairly serious item of monthly expenses, so it is better to outsource all business processes that are not related to making a profit.

Many start-up TV channels tried to follow the path of using a concept already working on another channel. However, this often leads to the fact that the TV channel becomes uninteresting to its viewers, because it does not offer them anything new. The theme of a TV channel can attract a large number of viewers to it from the very first days, or, on the contrary, make it absolutely unpromising in terms of development. However, in any case, you will need to spend a lot of effort and money on promoting the TV channel, and here you need to use all the possibilities. Promotion via the Internet can be the most effective; for this purpose, you create your own website and leave information about the TV channel on thematic portals. Today, increasingly, television is provided via satellite communications, and to do this, you can contact providers of such television to include a new TV channel in your package. This method quite effective because the consumer pays for TV channels in a package, without choosing them individually - hence a constant income, regardless of whether people watch the TV channel. But in any case, a channel with low ratings will sooner or later become uninteresting to any provider. Also in this case, if the channel is included in paid package, it will often be impossible to play commercials, which may be disadvantageous. On the other hand, as long as the TV channel does not have high ratings, no company will pay large amounts of money to display its advertising.

In general, the TV channel makes money precisely from this; without advertising, it does not have many sources of income. Some hold special lotteries or give the opportunity to send SMS messages that will be broadcast on live, more famous channels organize special parties or events that have little to do with the activities of the television studio, but are necessarily broadcast on their channel. We must not forget that your own TV channel is a powerful information platform, thanks to which you can convey this or that information to a huge number of people, and famous TV channel rarely represents only and exclusively a television studio, usually the scope of the company’s activities is significantly expanded and supplemented; right up to the creation of your own film set.

If you purchased new TV, have changed the cable television operator or the type of broadcasting, then the first procedure that you will encounter is setting up TV channels on the TV.

Depending on the method of signal reception, there are three main types of broadcasting:

• ethereal- broadcast from a TV tower is transmitted to a regular antenna;
• cable- channel packages from the operator’s distribution center are transmitted to subscribers’ apartments by wire;
• satellite- the signal from the satellite is transmitted to a parabolic antenna (dish) and converted by the receiver.

In turn, ethereal and cable TV can be analog and digital. The second is more different high quality image and sound, but may require additional equipment such as digital set-top box(tuner), especially when it comes to old model TV.

This article discusses automatic and manual tuning of analog channels on a TV (for cable channels everything will be identical).

Preparing the TV

Before you begin directly setting up channels, you should connect the TV to the broadcast source. With an analog signal, the antenna or cable operator cable is connected directly to antenna input TV (marked in the photo):

At the same time, it is worth separately considering the situation in which more than one TV is used in the apartment. In this case, a special antenna splitter is used for connection, which in most cases has two or three outputs:

How to tune channels from a regular antenna to several TVs?

People often complain that the channels on their TV in one room are worse than in another. Some of them are missing, and the rest have interference. This is due to an incorrect connection. It is important that both TVs are equidistant from the main cable. Otherwise, the one that is located closer will take over most of the signal. Also, to connect two or more TVs, you should use a high-quality cable that is better protected from interference. Therefore, a standard cheap cable, which is usually offered by many cable television operators, will not work here.

How to automatically tune channels on your TV

This is the easiest way to set up and requires a minimum of effort and knowledge. The TV itself finds all available channels and remembers them.

To switch to mode automatic settings you should enter the TV menu by pressing the MENU button on the remote control remote control. Depending on the model of your TV, this button may also be indicated by the words HOME, INPUT, OPTION, SETTINGS or special symbols in the form of three longitudinal stripes, a house, an arrow in a square, and others. More detailed information In this regard, contains instructions for operating and setting up TV channels. Some options for designating the menu button are shown in the photo:

Having entered the menu, use the navigation buttons to select the item “Channel setup” - “Automatic setup”. After this, indicate what type of television you are going to tune in (terrestrial or cable) and start the search process by pressing the ENTER/OK button. IN various models TVs, the names of the described menu items may differ slightly, so if you have any difficulties, check the instructions. An approximate menu screen might look like this:

In some cases, before tuning channels on a regular antenna, you should additionally select the region of your location. To do this, in the settings menu, find the COUNTRY or REGION item and select the corresponding entry in the list.

Note. If all items in the TV menu are displayed on English language, find the word LANGUAGE in the settings and select RUSSIAN.

After auto-tuning of channels is completed, a sorting menu may appear on the TV, with which you can arrange the found channels in an order convenient for viewing.

It is worth noting that when changing or adding transmitted channels on the part of the cable television operator, the setup must be done again.

How to manually tune channels on your TV

For all its apparent simplicity of automatic configuration, it has several significant drawbacks. Some channels may be repeated, have distorted image or sound. In this case, you should correct the situation manually. Here step-by-step instruction for manual tuning of TV channels:

• In the “Channel Tuning” menu, use the navigation buttons to select “Manual Tuning” and press ENTER/OK.
• Select the “Program” item and assign a serial number to the channel by pressing the number buttons on the remote control.
• Select the color system used in your region: PAL, SECAM, NTSC or AUTO.
• Select the sound system: 2.0 (stereo), 5.1, etc.
• Perform a “Search” for the channel and, if successful, add it to the TV’s memory by pressing the “Save” button.
• Repeat the same procedure for all required channels.

Menu manual settings channels might look like this:

It should be remembered that all actions in the proposed instructions are confirmed by pressing the ENTER/OK button.

Frequently asked questions about setting up analog channels

Sometimes, during channel setup, problems may arise. certain questions, some of which are discussed below.

How to tune channels on a TV without a remote control?

The process of automatic and manual setup in this case occurs in a similar way, but to access the TV menu, buttons located directly on its body are used.

Lately, cable television has become increasingly popular. Moreover, digital TV channels, different interesting programs and high quality broadcasts are becoming more and more accessible. The number of companies that offer connection services and correct setting, is actively growing. Despite this, digital television on any Samsung TV you can. The procedure pleases with maximum simplicity and speed.

What is required for digital cable television?

Digital cable television channels become available only if Samsung TV successfully supports DVB-C standard. You can find out about support for this technology not only in the documentation of the selected model, but also on the official Samsung website or in the TV review. Most often, televisions support DVB-C, as digital television is becoming a kind of classic.

The setup is traditionally carried out in manual mode. Despite this, maximum ease of holding the event is provided. After all the parameters are set correctly, you can start searching available channels. If you immediately choose automatic search and refuse to specify optimal criteria, the process promises to be long and without guaranteed success.

Instructions for setting up Samsung cable TV

The instructions are as easy as possible, so every Samsung user can carry out the procedure independently. An easy setup procedure is required. If you are interested in how to set up cable TV on a Samsung TV, it is recommended to go through several easy and quick steps.

1. Initially, you need to click on Menu button in order to go to settings and open all possible functions of the TV.
2. Now you should go to the “Channel” section, which has an icon in the form of a satellite dish.
3. Tabs open on the right side, but the one of interest is “Antenna”. It is important to select "Cable". To configure successfully, you must run additional settings: Country – Other.
4. The Samsung TV will ask for a pin code, which you will need to enter without a single mistake. By default, the following PIN code is set on Samsung TVs: 0000. However, the code combination can be changed.
5. In the “Auto Configuration” tab, select the signal source – “Cable”.
6. It is mandatory to set all parameters, and then click “Search”. It is recommended to do quick search in the Auto network, and the frequency should be 314,000 KHz, modulation 256 OAM, data transfer rate - 6875 KS/s.
7. After successful setup, all available TV channels will be visible.

Self-tuning of digital television is a reality of the 21st century.

Instructions

First, purchase a TV tuner and set-top box. They have two types of signal: digital and analog, which are reproduced through Windows Media Center and become analog only.

First, connect the TV tuner and set-top box via the network, since all signal sources must have power. Install a voltage rectifier to eliminate power outages. Also install an APS station to prevent emergency shutdown, as this will damage the settings.

Connect from a TV tuner or set-top box to a personal computer with Windows application Media Center. When laying the cable, pay attention to its location. Place it in such a way as to avoid damage. If you have several computers on which you want to watch television, then you need to connect a TV tuner and set-top box to each.

Now connect the infrared transmitter that comes with the TV tuner to the set-top box and to the computer. It also has a remote control. The transmitter will automatically install the necessary drivers. For full-fledged work reboot your personal computer.

Go to Start and select Run. Next, find the “TV Signal Settings” command and program the system for various channels. You will be able to adjust the clarity of the “caught” channel and sound quality. You can also save all channels in memory under digital values ​​convenient for you.

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“Peeking into the TV box” has already become firmly established in the everyday life of those who like to look into the TV box. It replaced the broadcast one, at one point making bulky and clumsy television antennas unnecessary. How to open your own cable TV?

Instructions

Realistically evaluate the prospects for opening cable television in your locality. If it is a small city, then, on the one hand, there will be practically no competition, but on the other hand, the number of subscribers may be small, which will not cover all opening costs.

Immediately calculate the approximate subscription fee, taking into account the cable stretch from the distribution center to the place of residence of the average subscriber. This distance should not exceed 4 kilometers.

Draw up a competent business plan and attract investors to your project. But choose your investors with some caution. If you want to manage the enterprise yourself, and not let everything go on the brakes by handing it over to them. Typically, such a business reaches the break-even point within 5-7 months, and building a network will take at least 3 months.

Register a legal entity with the tax authorities, receive statistics codes and an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. Open bank accounts.

Enter into an agreement with a relay center in your city in case of satellite communications failure (anything can happen). Sign an agreement with RAO UES.

Find space for an office and editing room. It is better to rent office space in the center. Purchase all necessary equipment and tools.

Interview applicants for positions of office workers, managers and installers. When hiring installers, be sure to ask them to take a short theory test.

Every user can broadcast video to the Internet. To do this, it is enough to have a special video camera, a stable Internet connection and some programs. The broadcast can be seen by a huge number of people.

Instructions

Download and install special program WebCamPlus from the official website http://webcam.akcentplus.ru/. Check the functionality of the webcam and microphone, then launch the program and create your own video broadcast, the image of which can be placed on your website or blog. Using this program, it is most convenient to set up continuous broadcasts from stationary web cameras.

Open the website of the mail service Mail.Ru and create an electronic Mailbox. Before clicking on the “Register” button, check the box next to the “Create My World” line. After that, open your page in social network"My world". To start the broadcast, click on the “Video” link, and on the next page that opens, click on the “Create video broadcast” link. After this, the broadcast page will open, where you will be asked to check the functionality of the equipment. Make sure your webcam is working properly, then click “Start Broadcast”. To show the broadcast video to your friends, copy the link that is located under the video and send it to your website, blog, or to individual users using sharing programs instant messages.

Open the video hosting site Smotri.com. To be able to broadcast your own video, create an account on this site. After that, go to smotri.com using your account. On home page The “Create broadcast” link will appear. Click on it and then select the type of future broadcast. The broadcast can be temporary, that is, after its completion, the video recording will not be saved, or permanent, the archive of which will be stored on the server. Make a choice, activate your webcam and microphone and start broadcasting on your own Internet channel.

Sometimes when creating a website you want to be able to watch TV shows directly on your website. Nothing is impossible for the Internet, and installing TV on a website is quite possible.

Instructions

Go to the website http://pro-tv.net, which presents more than 1000 Internet and TV channels - domestic and foreign. Register on the site, log in with your username and select the channel you need by clicking on the green icon. For ease of searching, all channels are divided into categories and broadcasts.

Before choosing this or that channel, look at the speed of its broadcast (usually from 100 to 5000 kbps, it is indicated next to the channel name). Compare it with the maximum speed provided by your Internet provider. You can check it directly on the website http://pro-tv.net. If there are any problems connecting channels, you can immediately contact technical support, or you can try to fix the situation yourself.

Reload the page and wait 15-30 seconds for the broadcast to start. If it still doesn’t start, check if all players and plugins are installed. Windows users will need Windows Media Player(can be installed from http://windows.microsoft.com/ru-RU/windows/downloads/windows-media-player), Adobe Flash latest version(http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer), TVU Network (http://dl.tvunetworks.com/PluginInstaller.exe), VLC for Windows (http://www.videolan.org/vlc).

To install the channels you select on your website, use the following code: iframe src=http://out.pro-tv.net/outside.html width=”730” height=”800” bgcolor=”#000000” scrolling=”auto ” frameborder=”0” allowtransparency=”true” allowFullScreen=”true” allowScriptAccess=”always”>

You can also go to a site such as http://kinonabis.ru. Select the “TV online” section in the menu on the left, select a channel and click the “Add TV channel to your website” button. The code that will need to be copied and installed is as follows: script type=”text/javascript” src=”http//kinonabis.ru/informer/4”>

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Sources:

• install tv

Tip 5: How to organize a television program release

You will need

• - equipment for video production.

Instructions

Prepare a TV program. To do this, you will need a concept for the transmission itself. You can develop it yourself or involve specialists in this matter (editors, journalists, analysts, producers). When attracting people for this purpose, it is best to use recommendations from friends or colleagues whom you trust.

Assemble a team of professional journalists. The best method to identify the abilities of journalists is a test task. Gather job applicants in your office. Invite them to sketch out a list of topics they would suggest for your program. Check out these lists and offer to write texts for stories to the most successful candidates.

Select a team of people who will be responsible for production. Cameramen, editors, sound engineers, editors, etc. When selecting this level, it is best to focus on the resumes of applicants and the work experience described in them. Give preference to candidates who have universal skills (cameraman-editor, journalist-editor, etc.).

Arrange a viewing of the pilot episode of the program for experts and ordinary viewers. Experts can be people from the field of television, whose opinions you listen to, whose work you follow with professional interest. Discuss your program with experts, but also take into account the opinion of the audience, because it is for them that the television program is created.

Many people know that for a number of reasons, for almost a year on weekdays I have only had normal Internet at work. In the evenings there is a TV, but there is no cable TV, much less a satellite dish.
I was tormented and upset, missing Champions League matches and other goodies. And just recently I resolved the issue. As it turns out, almost any of us can watch television channels in very good quality. Now I'll tell you how.

Through a cable and a plug with strong interference, I was shown “First”, “Russia 1” and “Ren TV”. And everything would be fine. I hardly watch TV (only sports, “What? Where? When?” and sometimes the news). In addition, you can always insert a flash drive with some good TV series into your TV.
But I would still like to see football when it is shown on public TV. One day I saw an encouraging message on Twitter. Having found out what was what, I eventually solved my problem.
In fact, it is enough to catch digital television from the nearest tower. True, a short survey of friends and acquaintances showed that few people know about this.
So.
Step one. In any digital supermarket or electronics store we buy a digital TV receiver (with DVB-T2 technology). I’ll make a reservation: many modern LCD TVs already have them, and in this case you can skip the first point. But I will return to personal experience.
Small boxes with remote controls cost from 1200 to 2500 rubles. I took this one for 1890 krona.

Receivers at this price have teletext functions, video recording to a flash drive, and, what’s nice, they also have a delayed recording function. I returned from work and watched the afternoon match. Also, such receivers play video from a flash drive.

Step two. We purchase hdmi cable. Cost me 416 rubles. As far as I understand, any will do, they only differ in length.
This step can also be skipped - the receivers are equipped with ordinary wires, but, as I understand it, they convert digital signal to analog, so HDMI still rules. For truly.

Step three. We purchase indoor antenna. Here, I admit, I played it safe. Someone said you could just use wire. Others insisted that the simplest antenna would do.
In the store they began to actively convince me that with the simplest indoor (not outdoor) antennas it may or may not catch - it all depends on the nuances, the location of the windows, etc. But with this antenna for 1000 rubles, they say, it will catch 100 percent. This was my last purchase, and I bought the antenna for 990 rubles. Maybe he overpaid. But, you must admit, the whole set is still quite budget-friendly.

That's all. All that remains is to connect the antenna to the receiver at home, and the receiver to the TV. After 10 minutes you will receive either ten channels and three radios (1st digital multiplex terrestrial television), or as many as 20 channels (if you catch both the 1st and 2nd multiplex). In large cities and regional centers there are definitely twenty channels.
Out of my dozen, I watch channel 4 at most (by the way, Public Television of Russia is very distant, just a little, but it resembles the Dozhd channel, now paid).
I may not watch many channels, but they are of great quality, which is not available even in my parents’ house, where there has been cable for a hundred years. And, I note, all this without any subscription fee. Cable for parents costs 250 rubles a month, and they only watch 5-7 channels. I'm not even talking about kits with satellite dishes - one piece of equipment costs 9-15 thousand. This is beneficial when you actually have your own home, and when you watch TV all day long.
I don't need to pay anything now. At all. Now I understand that the state is investing significant funds in this. I understand what officials mean when they talk about “affordable television.” Why didn’t I know all this confusion a year ago - who will figure it out...
Probably, now there are such TVs and such technologies that many of you are well aware of digital TV via an antenna. But I hope this post is useful to someone.