On September 14, the Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) finally approved the final version of the WiFi 802.11n wireless standard. To say that the process of adopting the specifications was delayed is to say nothing: devices supporting the first preliminary version of the standard could be purchased at the end of 2006, but they did not work very stably. Devices that support the second preliminary version of the standard (draft 2.0), which eliminates most of the “childhood diseases,” have become widespread. They have been on sale for about two years now, and their owners do not complain about the abundance of problems with wireless communications: they work and work. And quite quickly and stably.

Why is the new version of everyone's favorite Wi-Fi better than the old one? The maximum theoretical speed for the 802.11b standard is 11 Mbit/s at a frequency of the 2.4 GHz band, for 802.11a – 54 Mbit/s at 5 GHz, and for 802.11g – also 54 Mbit/s, but at 2.4 GHz. For 802.11n, the frequency band varies and can be either 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz, and top speed reaches an astounding 600 Mbps. Of course, in theory. In practice, it is possible to squeeze out a “more mundane”, but still impressive 150 Mbit/s from 802.11n. Note also that thanks to the support of both frequency ranges backward compatibility with both 802.11a and 802.11b/g is achieved.

Several technologies have made it possible to improve speed performance. Firstly, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), the essence of which is to equip devices with several transmitters operating at the same frequency and divide data streams between them. Secondly, the developers used technology that allows the use of not one, but two frequency channels with a width of 20 MHz each. If necessary, they work either separately or together, merging into one wide 40-MHz channel. In addition, IEEE 802.11n uses an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulation scheme - thanks to it (specifically, thanks to the use of 52 subcarriers, of which 48 are intended directly for data transmission, and 4 for pilot signals), the data transmission speed is one by one spatial stream can reach 65 Mbit/s. There can be from one to four such flows in each direction.

The situation with coverage areas and reception stability has also improved significantly. Remember the famous proverb “One head is good, but two are better”? So, the same principle applies here: there are now several transmitters, as well as antennas, which means that all this equipment will be able to catch the network better - it will most likely not be possible to find yourself outside the zone of the access point located on the next floor.

Situation in Russia

In the fall, the Radio Research Institute (NIIR) will prepare standards for the use of equipment for operation in Russia wireless standard 802.11n communications. Currently, the equipment that supports it can only be used in intranet networks, but after the adoption of regulations it will be possible to use it in networks common use.

According to Dmitry Laryushin, director of technical policy Intel in Russia, the approval of the standard by the IEEE will certainly play a positive role in the development and implementation of regulatory rules in Russian Federation, which will open the way for the import and use of 802.11n equipment in our country. It is worth noting that the 11n protocol in version D2.0 has been supported by Intel WiFi products since 2007, but in compliance with the rules for the import and use of radio-electronic equipment adopted in Russia, the 11n option had to be disabled. Starting next year, subject to a positive decision of the SCRF and the implementation of regulatory legal acts on this technology, Intel products with support for WiFi 11n in the final edition of the standard will be supplied to the Russian market.

Not all equipment manufacturers adhere to the letter of the law: some companies have been supplying to Russia for a long time network hardware, supporting the 802.11n standard. Nothing prevents manufacturers from selling at Russian market laptops equipped with WiFi modules supporting 802.11n, produced by Intel

The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) is developing WiFi 802.11 standards.

IEEE 802.11 is a basic standard for Wi-Fi networks that defines a set of protocols for the most low speeds data transfer (transfer).

IEEE 802.11b- describes b O higher transmission speeds and introduces more technological restrictions. This standard was widely promoted by WECA ( Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance ) and was originally called WiFi .
Frequency channels in the 2.4GHz spectrum are used ().
Ratified in 1999.
RF technology used: DSSS.
Coding: Barker 11 and CCK.
Modulations: DBPSK and DQPSK,
Maximum data transfer rates (transfer) in the channel: 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps,

IEEE 802.11a- describes much more high speeds transfer (transfer) than 802.11b.
Frequency channels in the 5GHz frequency spectrum are used. ProtocolNot compatible with 802.11 b.
Ratified in 1999.
RF technology used: OFDM.
Coding: Conversion Coding.
Modulations: BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM.
Maximum data transfer rates in the channel: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps.

IEEE 802.11g - describes data transfer rates equivalent to 802.11a.
Frequency channels in the 2.4GHz spectrum are used. The protocol is compatible with 802.11b.
Ratified in 2003.
RF technologies used: DSSS and OFDM.
Coding: Barker 11 and CCK.
Modulations: DBPSK and DQPSK,
Maximum data transfer rates (transfer) in the channel:
- 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps on DSSS and
- 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps on OFDM.

IEEE 802.11n- the most advanced commercial WiFi standard, on this moment, officially approved for import and use on the territory of the Russian Federation (802.11ac is still under development by the regulator). 802.11n uses frequency channels in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz WiFi frequency spectrums. Compatible with 11b/11 a/11g . Although it is recommended to build networks targeting only 802.11n, because... requires configuration of special protective modes if necessary backward compatibility with outdated standards. This leads to a large increase in signal information anda significant reduction in the available useful performance of the air interface. Actually, even one WiFi 802.11g or 802.11b client will require special configuration of the entire network and its immediate significant degradation in terms of aggregated performance.
The WiFi 802.11n standard itself was released on September 11, 2009.
WiFi frequency channels with a width of 20MHz and 40MHz (2x20MHz) are supported.
RF technology used: OFDM.
OFDM MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology is used up to the 4x4 level (4xTransmitter and 4xReceiver). In this case, a minimum of 2xTransmitter per Access Point and 1xTransmitter per user device.
Examples of possible MCS (Modulation & Coding Scheme) for 802.11n, as well as the maximum theoretical transfer rates in the radio channel are presented in the following table:

Here SGI is the guard intervals between frames.
Spatial Streams is the number of spatial streams.
Type is the modulation type.
Data Rate is the maximum theoretical data transfer rate in the radio channel in Mbit/sec.

It is important to emphasize that the indicated speeds correspond to the concept of channel rate and are the limiting value using this set technologies within the framework of the described standard (in fact, these values, as you probably noticed, are written by manufacturers on the boxes of home WiFi devices in stores). But in real life, these values ​​are not achievable due to the specifics of the WiFi 802.11 standard technology itself. For example, “political correctness” is strongly influenced here in terms of ensuring CSMA/CA ( WiFi devices constantly listen to the air and cannot transmit if the transmission medium is busy), the need to acknowledge each unicast frame, the half-duplex nature of all WiFi standards and only 802.11ac/Wave-2 can begin to bypass this, etc. Therefore, the practical effectiveness of outdated 802.11 standards b/g/a never exceeds 50% under ideal conditions (for example, for 802.11g the maximum speed per subscriber is usually no higher than 22Mb/s), and for 802.11n the efficiency can be up to 60%. If the network operates in protected mode, which often happens due to the mixed presence of different WiFi chips on various devices ah in the network, then even the indicated relative efficiency can drop by 2-3 times. This applies, for example, to a mix of Wi-Fi devices with 802.11b, 802.11g chips on a network with 802.11g WiFi access points or 802.11g/802.11b WiFi devices on a network with 802.11n WiFi access points, etc. More information about .

In addition to the basic WiFi standards 802.11a, b, g, n, additional standards exist and are used to implement various service functions:

. 802.11d. To adapt various WiFi standard devices to specific country conditions. Within the regulatory framework of each state, ranges often vary and may even differ depending on geographic location. IEEE 802.11d WiFi standard allows adjustment of frequency bands in devices different manufacturers by using special options, introduced into media access control protocols.

. 802.11e. Describes QoS quality classes for the transmission of various media files and, in general, various media content. Adaptation of the MAC layer for 802.11e determines the quality, for example, of simultaneous transmission of audio and video.

. 802.11f. Aimed at unifying the parameters of Wi-Fi access points from different manufacturers. The standard allows the user to work with different networks when moving between coverage areas of individual networks.

. 802.11h. Used to prevent problems with weather and military radars by dynamically reducing the emitted power of Wi-Fi equipment or dynamically switching to another frequency channel when a trigger signal is detected (in most European countries, ground stations tracking weather and communications satellites, as well as military radars operate in ranges close to 5 MHz). This standard is a necessary ETSI requirement for equipment approved for use in the European Union.

. 802.11i. The first iterations of the 802.11 WiFi standards used the WEP algorithm to secure Wi-Fi networks. It was assumed that this method could ensure confidentiality and protection of the transmitted data of authorized users wireless network from eavesdropping. Now this protection can be hacked in just a few minutes. Therefore, the 802.11i standard developed new methods for protecting Wi-Fi networks, implemented at both the physical and software levels. Currently, to organize a security system in Wi-Fi 802.11 networks, it is recommended to use Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) algorithms. They also provide compatibility between wireless devices various standards and various modifications. WPA protocols use an advanced RC4 encryption scheme and a mandatory authentication method using EAP. The stability and security of modern Wi-Fi networks is determined by privacy verification and data encryption protocols (RSNA, TKIP, CCMP, AES). The most recommended approach is to use WPA2 with AES encryption (and don't forget about 802.1x using tunneling mechanisms, such as EAP-TLS, TTLS, etc.). .

. 802.11k. This standard is actually aimed at implementing load balancing in the radio subsystem of a Wi-Fi network. Typically, in a wireless LAN, the subscriber device usually connects to the access point that provides the strongest signal. This often leads to network congestion at one point, when many users connect to one Access Point at once. To control such situations, the 802.11k standard proposes a mechanism that limits the number of subscribers connected to one Access Point and makes it possible to create conditions under which new users will join another AP even despite more weak signal from her. In this case, the aggregated network throughput increases due to more efficient use of resources.

. 802.11m. Amendments and corrections for the entire group of 802.11 standards are combined and summarized in a separate document under the general name 802.11m. The first release of 802.11m was in 2007, then in 2011, etc.

. 802.11p. Determines the interaction of Wi-Fi equipment moving at speeds up to 200 km/h past fixed points WiFi access, located at a distance of up to 1 km. Part of the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) standard. WAVE standards define an architecture and a complementary set of utility functions and interfaces that provide a secure radio communications mechanism between moving vehicles. These standards are developed for applications such as traffic management, traffic safety monitoring, automated payment collection, vehicle navigation and routing, etc.

. 802.11s. A standard for implementing mesh networks (), where any device can serve as both a router and an access point. If the nearest access point is overloaded, data is redirected to the nearest unloaded node. In this case, a data packet is transferred (packet transfer) from one node to another until it reaches its final destination. This standard introduces new protocols at the MAC and PHY levels that support broadcast and multicast transmission (transfer), as well as unicast delivery over a self-configuring point system Wi-Fi access. For this purpose, the standard introduced a four-address frame format. Examples of implementation of WiFi Mesh networks: , .

. 802.11t. The standard was created to institutionalize the process of testing solutions of the IEEE 802.11 standard. Testing methods, methods of measurement and processing of results (treatment), requirements for testing equipment are described.

. 802.11u. Defines procedures for interaction of Wi-Fi standard networks with external networks. The standard must define access protocols, priority protocols and prohibition protocols for working with external networks. Currently around this standard a large movement has formed both in terms of developing solutions - Hotspot 2.0, and in terms of organizing inter-network roaming - a group of interested operators has been created and is growing, who jointly resolve roaming issues for their Wi-Fi networks in dialogue (WBA Alliance). Read more about Hotspot 2.0 in our articles: , .

. 802.11v. The standard should include amendments aimed at improving the network management systems of the IEEE 802.11 standard. Modernization at the MAC and PHY levels should allow the configuration of client devices connected to the network to be centralized and streamlined.

. 802.11y. Additional communication standard for the frequency range 3.65-3.70 GHz. Designed for devices latest generation, working with external antennas at speeds up to 54 Mbit/s at a distance of up to 5 km in open space. The standard is not fully completed.

802.11w. Defines methods and procedures for improving the protection and security of the media access control (MAC) layer. The standard protocols structure a system for monitoring data integrity, the authenticity of their source, the prohibition of unauthorized reproduction and copying, data confidentiality and other protection measures. The standard introduces management frame protection (MFP: Management Frame Protection), and additional security measures help neutralize external attacks, such as DoS. A little more on MFP here: . In addition, these measures will ensure security for the most sensitive network information that will be transmitted over networks that support IEEE 802.11r, k, y.

802.11ac. A new WiFi standard that operates only in the 5GHz frequency band and provides significantly faster O higher speeds both for an individual WiFi client and for a WiFi Access Point. See our article for more details.

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If you're looking for the fastest WiFi, you need 802.11ac, it's as simple as that. Essentially, 802.11ac is an accelerated version of 802.11n (the current WiFi standard used on your smartphone or laptop), offering link speeds ranging from 433 megabits per second (Mbps), up to several gigabits per second. To achieve speeds that are tens of times faster than 802.11n, 802.11ac operates exclusively in the 5GHz band, uses huge bandwidth (80-160MHz), works with 1-8 spatial streams (MIMO), and uses a peculiar technology called "beamforming" (beamforming). additional information about what 802.11ac is and how it will eventually replace wired gigabit Ethernet home and work network, we'll talk further.

How 802.11ac works.

A few years ago, 802.11n introduced some interesting technology that significantly increased speed compared to 802.11b and g. 802.11ac works almost the same as 802.11n. For example, while the 802.11n standard supported up to 4 spatial streams, and a channel width of up to 40 MHz, 802.11ac can use 8 channels, and a width of up to 80 MHz, and combining them can generally produce 160 MHz. Even if everything else remained the same (and it won't), this means that 802.11ac handles 8x160MHz spatial streams, compared to 4x40MHz. A huge difference that will allow you to squeeze huge amounts of information out of radio waves.

To improve throughput even further, 802.11ac also introduced 256-QAM modulation (compared to 64-QAM in 802.11n), which literally compresses 256 different signals one frequency, shifting and intertwining each of them into a different phase. Theoretically, this increases the spectral efficiency of 802.11ac by 4 times compared to 802.11n. Spectral efficiency is a measure of how well a wireless protocol or multiplexing technique uses the bandwidth available to it. In the 5GHz band, where the channels are quite wide (20MHz+), spectral efficiency is not so important. IN cellular bands However, channels are most often 5 MHz wide, making spectral efficiency extremely important.

802.11ac also introduces standardized beamforming (802.11n had it but was not standardized, making interoperability an issue). Beamforming essentially transmits radio signals in such a way that they are aimed at specific device. This can improve overall throughput and make it more consistent, as well as reduce power consumption. Beam shaping can be done by using a smart antenna that physically moves in search of the device, or by modulating the amplitude and phase of the signals so that they destructively interfere with each other, leaving a narrow, non-interfering beam. 802.11n uses the second method, which can be used by both routers and mobile devices. Finally, 802.11ac, like previous versions 802.11 is fully backward compatible with 802.11n and 802.11g, so you can buy an 802.11ac router today and it will work great with your older WiFi devices.

802.11ac range

Theoretically, at 5 MHz and using beamforming, 802.11ac should have the same or better range than 802.11n (beamforming white). The 5 MHz band, due to its lower penetrating power, does not have the same range as 2.4 GHz (802.11b/g). But that's a trade-off we're forced to make: we simply don't have enough spectral bandwidth in the heavily used 2.4GHz band to allow 802.11ac's peak gigabit-level speeds. As long as your router is in the perfect location, or you have several of them, there is no need to worry. As always, the more important factor is the power transmission of your devices, and the quality of the antenna.

How fast is 802.11ac?

And finally, the question everyone wants to know: how fast is 802.11ac WiFi? As always, there are two answers: the speed theoretically achievable in the lab, and the practical speed limit you'll likely be content with in a real-world home environment surrounded by a bunch of signal-jamming obstacles.

The theoretical maximum speed of 802.11ac is 8 channels of 160MHz 256-QAM, each capable of 866.7Mbps, giving us 6.933Mbps, or a modest 7Gbps. Transfer speed of 900 megabytes per second is faster than transfer to a SATA 3 drive. In the real world, due to channel clogging, you most likely will not get more than 2-3 160 MHz channels, so the maximum speed will stop somewhere at 1.7-2.5 Gbit/s. Compared to 802.11n's theoretical maximum speed of 600Mbps.

Apple Airport Extreme on 802.11ac, disassembled by iFixit today's most powerful router (April 2015), includes D-Link AC3200 Ultra Wi-Fi Router (DIR-890L/R), Linksys Smart Wi-Fi Router AC 1900 (WRT1900AC), and Trendnet AC1750 Dual -Band Wireless Router (TEW-812DRU), as reported by PCMag. With these routers, you can definitely expect impressive speeds from 802.11ac, but don't bite off your Gigabit Ethernet cable just yet.

In Anandtech's 2013 test, they tested a WD MyNet AC1300 802.11ac router (up to three streams) paired with a number of 802.11ac devices that supported 1-2 streams. Fastest transfer speed has been achieved Intel laptop 7260 s wireless adapter 802.11ac, which used two streams to achieve 364Mbps over a distance of just 1.5m. At 6m and through the wall, the same laptop was the fastest, but the maximum speed was 140Mb/s. The fixed speed limit for the Intel 7260 was 867Mb/s (2 streams of 433Mb/s).

In a situation where you don't need the maximum performance and reliability of wired GigE, 802.11ac is truly attractive. Instead of cluttering your living room with an Ethernet cable running to home theater from a PC under a TV, it makes more sense to use 802.11ac, which has enough bandwidth to allow the wireless signal highest definition transfer the content to your HTPC. For all but the most demanding cases, 802.11ac is a very worthy replacement for Ethernet.

The future of 802.11ac

802.11ac will become even faster. As we mentioned earlier, the theoretical maximum speed of 802.11ac is a modest 7Gbps, and until we hit that in the real world, don't be surprised by the 2Gbps mark in the next few years. At 2Gbps, you get 256Mbps transfer speeds, and suddenly Ethernet will be used less and less until it disappears. To achieve such speeds, chipset and device manufacturers will have to figure out how to implement four or more channels for 802.11ac, given how software, and hardware.

We see Broadcom, Qualcomm, MediaTek, Marvell and Intel already making strong moves to provide 4-8 channels for 802.11ac to integrate the latest routers, access points, and mobile devices. But until the 802.11ac specification is finalized, a second wave of chipsets and devices is unlikely to appear. Device and chipset manufacturers will have a lot of work to do to ensure that advanced technologies like beamforming are compliant with the standard and are fully compatible with other 802.11ac devices.

The Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) wireless communication protocol was developed back in 1996. It was originally intended to build local networks, but gained the greatest popularity as effective method Internet connections of smartphones and other portable devices.

Over the course of 20 years, the alliance of the same name has developed several generations of the connection, introducing faster and more functional updates every year. They are described by 802.11 standards published by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). The group includes several versions of the protocol, differing in data transfer speed and support for additional functions.

The very first Wi-Fi standard did not have a letter designation. Devices that support it communicate at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The information transfer speed was only 1 Mbit/s. There were also devices that supported speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s. It was actively used for only 3 years, after which it was improved. Each subsequent Wi-Fi standard is designated by a letter after the common number (802.11a/b/g/n, etc.).

One of the first updates to the Wi-Fi standard, released in 1999. By doubling the frequency (up to 5 GHz), engineers were able to achieve theoretical speeds of up to 54 Mbit/s. It was not widely used, since it itself is incompatible with other versions. Devices that support it must have a dual transceiver to operate on 2.4 GHz networks. Smartphones with Wi-Fi 802.11a are not widespread.

Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11b

The second early interface update, released in parallel with version a. The frequency remained the same (2.4 GHz), but the speed was increased to 5.5 or 11 Mbit/s (depending on the device). Until the end of the first decade of the 2000s, it was the most common standard for wireless networks. Compatible with more old version, as well as a fairly large coverage radius, ensured its popularity. Despite being superseded by new versions, 802.11b is supported by almost all modern smartphones.

Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11g

A new generation of Wi-Fi protocol was introduced in 2003. The developers left the data transmission frequencies the same, making the standard fully compatible with the previous one (old devices operated at speeds of up to 11 Mbit/s). The information transfer speed has increased to 54 Mbit/s, which was sufficient until recently. All modern smartphones work with 802.11g.

Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11n

In 2009, a large-scale update to the Wi-Fi standard was released. A new version interface received a significant increase in speed (up to 600 Mbit/s), while maintaining compatibility with previous ones. To be able to work with 802.11a equipment, as well as combat congestion in the 2.4 GHz band, support for 5 GHz frequencies has been returned (parallel to 2.4 GHz).

Network configuration options have been expanded and the number of simultaneously supported connections has been increased. It has become possible to communicate in multi-stream MIMO mode (parallel transmission of several data streams on the same frequency) and combine two channels for communication with one device. The first smartphones supporting this protocol were released in 2010.

Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11ac

In 2014 it was approved new standard Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11ac. It became a logical continuation of 802.11n, providing a tenfold increase in speed. Thanks to the ability to combine up to 8 channels (20 MHz each) simultaneously, the theoretical ceiling has increased to 6.93 Gbit/s. which is 24 times faster than 802.11n.

It was decided to abandon the 2.4 GHz frequency due to the congestion of the range and the impossibility of combining more than 2 channels. The IEEE 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard operates in the 5 GHz band and is backward compatible with 802.11n (2.4 GHz) devices, but is not guaranteed to work with earlier versions. Today, not all smartphones support it (for example, many budget smartphones on MediaTek do not have support).

Other standards

There are versions of IEEE 802.11 labeled with different letters. But they either make minor amendments and additions to the standards listed above, or add specific functions (such as the ability to interact with other radio networks or security). It is worth highlighting 802.11y, which uses a non-standard frequency of 3.6 GHz, as well as 802.11ad, designed for the 60 GHz range. The first is designed to provide a communication range of up to 5 km, through the use of pure range. The second (also known as WiGig) is designed to provide maximum (up to 7 Gbit/s) communication speed over ultra-short distances (within a room).

Which Wi-Fi standard is better for a smartphone?

All modern smartphones are equipped with a Wi-Fi module designed to work with several versions of 802.11. In general, all mutually compatible standards are supported: b, g and n. However, work with the latter can often be realized only at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Devices that are capable of operating on 5 GHz 802.11n networks also feature support for 802.11a as backwards compatible.

An increase in frequency helps to increase the speed of data exchange. But at the same time, the wavelength decreases, making it more difficult for it to pass through obstacles. Because of this, the theoretical range of 2.4 GHz will be higher than 5 GHz. However, in practice the situation is a little different.

The 2.4 GHz frequency turned out to be free, so consumer electronics use it. In addition to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth devices and transceivers operate in this range wireless keyboards and mice, it also emits magnetrons from microwave ovens. Therefore, in places where several Wi-Fi networks operate, the amount of interference offsets the range advantage. The signal will be caught even from a hundred meters away, but the speed will be minimal, and the loss of data packets will be large.

The 5 GHz band is wider (from 5170 to 5905 MHz) and less congested. Therefore, waves are less able to overcome obstacles (walls, furniture, human bodies), but in direct visibility conditions they provide a more stable connection. The inability to effectively overcome walls turns out to be an advantage: you won’t be able to catch your neighbor’s Wi-Fi, but it won’t interfere with your router or smartphone.

However, it should be remembered that in order to achieve maximum speed– you also need a router that works with the same standard. In other cases, you still won’t be able to get more than 150 Mbit/s.

Much depends on the router and its antenna type. Adaptive antennas are designed in such a way that they detect the location of the smartphone and send it a directional signal that reaches further than other types of antennas.

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Hi all! Today we will talk again about routers, wireless networks, technologies...

I decided to prepare an article in which to talk about what kind of incomprehensible letters b/g/n are these that can be found when configuring Wi-Fi router, or when purchasing a device (Wi-Fi characteristics, for example 802.11 b/g). And what is the difference between these standards.

I have already noticed several times that at the most different problems with connecting phones or tablets to Wi-Fi - changing the Wi-Fi operating mode helps.

If you want to see what modes your device supports, then look at its specifications. Typically supported modes are listed next to “Wi-Fi 802.11”.

On the package (or on the Internet), you can also see in what modes your router can operate.

Here is an example of the supported standards that are indicated on the adapter box:

How to change the b/g/n operating mode in the Wi-Fi router settings?

I'll show you how to do this using the example of two routers, from ASUS And TP-Link. But if you have a different router, then look for changing the wireless network mode settings (Mode) on the tab Wi-Fi settings, where you set the name for the network, etc.

On a TP-Link router

Go to the router settings. How to enter them? I'm already tired of writing about this in almost every article :)..

Once you are in the settings, go to the tab on the left Wireless – Wireless Settings.

And opposite the point Mode You can select the wireless network operating standard. There are many options there. I recommend installing 11bgn mixed. This item allows you to connect devices that operate in at least one of three modes.

But if you still have problems connecting certain devices, then try the mode 11bg mixed, or 11g only. And to achieve a good data transfer speed, you can set 11n only. Just make sure that all devices support the standard n.

Using the example of an ASUS router

It's the same here. Go to settings and go to the tab "Wireless network".

Opposite the point “Wireless Network Mode” you can choose one of the standards. Or install Mixed, or Auto (which is what I recommend doing). For more details on standards, see just above. By the way, ASUS displays help on the right where you can read useful and interesting information according to these settings.

To save, click the button “Apply”.

That's all, friends. I'm waiting for your questions, advice and suggestions in the comments. Bye everyone!