As you know, in computer systems with Windows OS on board, the TCP/IP protocol system is used to access the Internet, which provides for assigning each terminal a certain unique IP address, which is not repeated on any machine (meaning external IP). But today many are increasingly looking towards the IPv6 protocol. What it is, how to enable and configure it, will be discussed now. In addition, it will be possible to see the significant difference between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as find out the prospects for implementation new technology in the near future.

IPv6: what is it?

In simple terms, IPv6 is an improved version of the IPv4 protocol, which was developed back in the 70s of the last century.

In principle, in terms of the basic algorithms embedded in the IPv6 operating system, it is almost identical to the original approach. The only difference is in the assignment and distribution of addresses to computer terminals and the security system.

An ordinary user, when using Internet access, in most cases practically does not encounter IP addresses, since the so-called abbreviated DNS is responsible for all connection establishment procedures. However, in order to better understand the topic: “IPv6: what is it?”, You should understand a little about the basic principles of the functioning of this protocol.

A little history

At the dawn of the development of Internet technologies, a special method for identifying computer terminals was developed for quick and convenient access to the World Wide Web. As was then assumed, each machine should have a unique identifier, and one that would not be repeated even once.

The purpose of this approach was to route and transmit data on the Internet or internetworks between servers and individual computers (for example, Email). Agree, after all, a letter or message should be sent to a specific addressee. And with two or more identical IP addresses of terminals, delivery can be made to anyone. At that time there were no official mail servers, but POP3 and SMTP protocols were used.

It was in those years that the IPv4 protocol was developed, which involved the creation of a unique address in the form of four numbers of 8 bits each, which gave a total of 32 bits. Thus, we were talking about creating about four billion never repeated addresses.

Today the situation has changed, and, as it turns out, the IPv4 protocol is no longer able to generate new addresses. Some experts argue that it had exhausted its capabilities by 2009. It was then that many scientific minds began to think about how to expand the basic parameters. In fact, these developments in the form of an additional add-on for IPv4 were started back in the late 70s and then received the name ST protocol, then ST2, and a little later - the unofficial name IPv5. But this development never caught on, and was not even adopted in terms of long-term development. Today it is believed that the newest and most popular protocol will soon be IPv6.

Difference between IPv4 and IPv6 protocols

Now let's look at the main differences between these two systems. The most important thing is that the length of any IP address is 128 bits. Accordingly, the number of newly created unique identifiers can be increased almost indefinitely.

At the same time, IPv4 has many serious security problems in terms of data encryption, as well as bandwidth. In addition, in this system, during the same transfer of information, quite strong delays are observed, which negatively affects the operation of some network applications.

When developing IPv6, all this was taken into account, but the protocol itself has not yet been widely implemented, although it is present in the latest operating systems, it is not enabled by default. In addition, not all providers support Internet access at this level. It's good if there is such support. Otherwise, the user, even after correct configuration in automatic mode will receive a message that IPv6 is being used without network access. However, even if this protocol is not yet used, the main points of its inclusion and configuration still need to be considered.

How to enable IPv6 in Windows 7 and higher

So, first, let's look at systems like the "seven" and higher. Let's make a reservation right away: if, for example, you use a router (wireless router) at home, there is no point in configuring IPv6 to work on a local network, except perhaps only in the direction of the provider. But if the cable is connected directly, then yes.

First, you should check whether the protocol is enabled on the system. This can be done quite simply by entering command line(call via cmd in the “Run” menu or combination Win + R) ipconfig commands. If there is no mention of IPv6 on the screen, you will have to enable the protocol manually.

How to enable IPv6? Yes, it’s easy to use the network connections section in the standard “Control Panel,” but it’s easier to enter the ncpa.cpl command in the same “Run” menu.

Now select the adapter network and enter its properties. Here you should check the box next to the protocol name, and then configure it (this will be discussed separately).

Enable IPv6 in Windows XP

Now let's look at the XP version of Windows. In principle, IPv6 can also be enabled in this system through the properties of network connections in the Control Panel, but it is easier to do this from the command line, where the following commands are written sequentially:

Netsh (+ input),

Interface (+ input),

IPv6 (+ input),

Install (+ input).

Enabling the protocol from the “Control Panel” is identical to the case described above.

Automatic setup

Now let's look at the IPv6 configuration. The Internet connection will only benefit from this (again, the setting is only relevant if the provider supports this protocol).

In most cases, to correctly configure the IPv6 address received by the computer terminal, you do not need to manually enter it. This is due to the fact that almost all large provider companies have an active DHCPv6 server in their own network, from which, in fact, IP is assigned, that is, the server itself issues an IPv6 address to a specific machine.

Thus, for simplest settings you should enable the fields for automatically obtaining the IP address and DNS server address. If automatic configuration is not possible, but IPv6 is supported, the IP address can be obtained automatically, but the values ​​for the preferred DNS server will have to be entered manually. And there are some snags here.

How to enable IPv6 is probably already clear. Now a few words directly about setting up an alternative configuration.

As mentioned above, the main role here is to set the correct values ​​for the preferred and alternative DNS server. For practical application The following data should be entered (for example, for Google services):

The preferred DNS is 2001:4860:4860::8888.

Alternate DNS - 2001:4860:4860::8844.

Proxy settings can be left unchanged. In most cases, a proxy server is not used for local addresses.

It goes without saying that you can use, say, addresses for Yandex services, etc. This does not play a special role in this case. However, it is best, if possible, to find out the parameters of an alternative configuration from the provider. As they say, it will be more reliable. However, as practice shows, in most cases they work great automatic settings.

Checking work

So, the switching on is done. Now all that remains is to make sure that the protocol is really enabled and works without problems.

To check the connection we use the same ipconfig command. After all correctly performed procedures and settings, the protocol should be displayed on the screen. If you set out to view the address, you can simply click on the icon in the system tray and select the status menu. The same can be done from the “Control Panel”, where you select the appropriate section of network connections and then go to the active connection.

Instead of an afterword

That, in a nutshell, is all about the IPv6 protocol. What this is, I think, is already a little clear. As you can see, the settings, in general, are not as complicated as it might seem at first glance. All of them are available in the corresponding sections in the “Control Panel”. True, in XP it is better to use the command line.

According to most experts, in the coming years there will be a complete transition to a new type of protocol, since it has quite great prospects, as well as a more advanced operating system. After all, if you look, the matter is no longer limited to computers alone. What does the incredibly increased amount consist of? mobile technology, but to access the Internet, each such device is also assigned a unique identifier. So IPv4 simply cannot cope with such an impossible task.

It is believed that in the near future the use of mobile gadgets will increase even more. Well, it will help to cope with such a situation new system address distribution based on the IPv6 protocol. The future lies with it, especially since, due to the increasing number of devices that require connection to World Wide Web, almost the new protocol has much more capabilities for providing addresses, and even greater throughput.

It would seem like nothing. However, I discovered that by setting up IPv6 support, you can get some very nice features that are not available when using only IPv4.

Advantages

1. Static "white" IP addresses for all your computers (even behind the provider's NAT)

Today, apart from direct IPv6 (which Russian providers do not yet provide), the most attractive way to connect to IPv6 is to register with a so-called tunnel broker, i.e. a company that provides (free of charge) the service of “forwarding” traffic from IPv4 to IPv6 and vice versa.

When using this method, each user not only gets direct access to the IPv6 Internet (even while behind the provider's IPv4 NAT!), but also has his own IPv6 subnet, which is tied not to his current IPv4 address, but to his account ( name and password) from the broker. Thus, it is possible not only to obtain a range of IPv6 addresses, but also to retain it even if you change your direct IPv4 provider.

In addition, users are given at least a /64 subnet at their disposal, which is enough to connect 2 64 devices to the network, and give them all real (“white”), static Internet addresses.

Thus, in the case when there are several computers on your local network, and you need to provide access to the services of some of them from the outside, you no longer need to go through the hassle of forwarding ports on a NAT gateway and remembering them (“for example, port 20022 is SSH on computer in the bedroom, and 20122 - on the one in the living room"), you just need to connect to the desired computer, indicating not the gateway address, but the address of this computer directly.

The question may arise - what about security? The absence of NAT in the IPv6 world, which is incorrectly perceived by some as a means of protecting the network from intrusions, does not in any way affect the ability to protect yourself from hackers. It is enough to configure the firewall in such a way that it does not allow access from the Internet to local network incoming connections other than those you specifically want to allow. In GNU/Linux, there is a tool for this purpose ip6tables, which is an analogue of iptables used to configure the IPv4 firewall.

2. Faster torrent download speed

The BitTorrent protocol is designed in such a way that users who are behind the provider's NAT and are not able to accept incoming connections can “torrent” files only from those who are behind such a NAT Not is located (i.e. It has ability to accept an incoming connection). This is a very significant limitation even today, but doubly so in the coming years, because As IPv4 addresses are exhausted, more and more providers will take away real IPv4 from users and “put” them behind NAT. Thus, the number of torrent peers and seeds that are connected to each other will fall, up to the complete impossibility of downloading some unpopular torrents.

For those who have configured IPv6, this problem becomes completely irrelevant. In the world of IPv6, all computers can get real, “white” IP addresses - and thanks to technologies for “wrapping” IPv6 into IPv4, this can be done even while behind an IPv4 NAT.

To use the new protocol when downloading/sharing torrents, it must be supported by the tracker. IPv6 is currently supported by two of the three largest Russian trackers, and for example, on the NoNaMe-Club forum, the discussion of the new protocol has already expanded to more than 50 pages.

It is worth noting that after enabling IPv6, torrents can work faster not only for those who are behind the evil provider NAT, but for everyone who has done this. The thing is that having configured access to the IPv6 Internet, you get the opportunity to download from the computers of those Internet users who, for various reasons, do not have the ability to distribute files via IPv4. And ultimately, seeing more seeds and more peers, you get higher speed.

If you use GNU/Linux and are interested in IPv6 primarily for downloading torrents, you can install IPv6 support in just a minute, without having to configure it manually.

3. Faster download speed for anything

If your provider has implemented IPv4 NAT and, in parallel, native IPv6, you may well find that accessing Internet resources via IPv6 is much faster, more reliable and trouble-free than via IPv4 via NAT.

The explanation for this is simple: Carrier-grade NAT, i.e. broadcasting addresses for tens of thousands of subscribers (and storing in memory information about hundreds of thousands of connections they have established) is an extremely resource-intensive task even for very expensive specialized provider routers. It's not surprising that during peak hours, your provider's NAT equipment may be overloaded.

In case of access to any resource via IPv6, no address translation is required, the provider performs simple routing without any packet processing or tracking of open connections, and for this, much less computing resources and a cheaper (and therefore quite likely installed) with sufficient supply) of equipment.

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• Communication standard and frequency

The communication standard affects both data transmission and compatibility with other devices. Modern models access points support the 802.11ac standard. This standard provides data transfer speeds of 1,300 Mbit/s in both directions. And, most importantly, it is fully compatible with previous standards. Also, it is worth considering the frequency at which they operate wireless points access. From us you can buy equipment operating at the 5GHz frequency, it is less loaded and can guarantee higher speeds.

• Maximum speed

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• Power

This parameter is responsible for the distance over which data will be transmitted. Most access points are between 15 and 30 dBM. To select a device with optimal range, you need to think in advance about the location of workstations and plan the placement of equipment that does not allow the appearance of “white spots”.

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• Safety

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At one time called the Internet, special access protocols are used. One of the newest is IPv6. Not everyone knows what it is and how it all works. Therefore, it is worthwhile to dwell separately on the technology used and on the activation of protocol settings, taking into account the fact that the material will be presented in the simplest possible terms, aimed not at professionals, but at ordinary users.

IPv6: what is it?

Despite the fact that today there are quite a lot of protocols for using an Internet connection in the form of the most commonly used IPv4 or access to mail servers like POP3 or SMTP, we will focus on the sixth version of IP.

The actual procedure for accessing the World Wide Web is to identify each connected computer. Moreover, any computer or mobile device must have its own completely unique identifier, called an address. In other words, the essence of using any protocol is to ensure that there is not a single duplicate value in the world.

Why is this necessary? Yes, only so that the response from the requested server or the download of data is carried out exactly on the specified device, and not on another system. The IPv6 protocol itself is responsible for generating and assigning such identifiers. Roughly speaking, when it is activated, a unique combination is created that corresponds to each device. At the same time, it is he who generates almost no limited quantity such identifiers, which, given the development of mobile technology, is becoming especially relevant these days.

History of the creation and implementation of IP protocols

Information sources claim that the development of such techniques began in the 70s of the last century. Then one of the technologies was called the Internet protocol, or, in English version, Internet Protocol, which is where the acronym actually comes from.

The fourth version, which was once the most current, was considered the height of perfection, since it could generate 32-bit addresses distributed through DHCP servers in the amount of about four billion identifiers. With a population of five billion on our planet, there is enough limited circle users of the Global Wide Web considered this to be the height of perfection. But at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, with the increase in the number of computers and mobile devices, the fourth version of the protocol could no longer cope with the tasks assigned to it. That is why the idea of ​​​​creating a new IPv6 protocol arose. What it is?

The technology was based on increasing the bit size of the assigned address, but it was preceded by the appearance of an intermediate fifth modification, which received the abbreviation ST/ST2. Under the conditions of that time, it looked exclusively like an attempt to create something new, but in practice it was practically not used in computer systems (except that it remained a kind of testing version).

How does the sixth version of IP differ from the fourth?

If you look at the difference between the fourth and sixth versions, it is quite obvious that in the case of using IPv4, the full length of the address is 32 bits. The IPv6 address has a dimension of 128 bits, which allows you to generate a number of probable identifiers that is millions of times greater than the capabilities of the fourth version. For comparison, it’s worth at least looking at the numbers presented below.

Some experts argue that such an indicator has no restrictions, although the final number can be calculated. But from a practical point of view, even if the world’s population doubles, which will entail an increase in devices connected to the Internet, this will not affect the addresses in any way.

IPv6 without network access: how to determine if the protocol is supported?

Now let's move on to practical actions. Configuring IPv6 should begin with checking whether the protocol itself is supported. computer system. You should immediately pay attention to the fact that if the provider providing Internet connection services does not support the sixth version of the DHCP server, no matter how much you try to configure the use of the sixth version of the protocol, nothing will work - it will still remain inactive.

In the simplest case, to obtain information, you should use the command line, called from the Run menu by entering the cmd abbreviation. To the console itself you need to enter the standard ipconfig command for a single terminal or ipconfig /all for all computers connected to a local network. If the screen does not show active IPv6 access, you will have to configure it. And this absolutely does not mean that the protocol is not supported - it is simply not used (or the provider does not have DHCPv6).

By calling the protocol settings with the ncpa.cpl command through the Run menu, you can see that it is in the system parameters, but the checkbox is not checked (or installed, but the protocol is not configured). By the way, everything OS Windows latest generations, the sixth version of the protocol is supported.

How to determine your own IP address?

You can determine whether an IPv6 address is involved quite simply by using the Network Control Center section and shared access in the “Control Panel”, where the properties of the current connection are selected, and in the window that appears, the information button is pressed.

A value must be specified next to the local IPv6 address. If it is missing, the protocol is simply not used. Please note that both versions of the protocol are used simultaneously - this is how it should be.

Initial protocol enablement

At this stage we have IPv6 without access to the network or the Internet. First, in the properties section of the current connection, you just need to check the box next to the protocol name line.

Activation via command line

In this case, we are talking about a command line launched as a system administrator.

It should include Netsh commands, Interface, ipv6, install by pressing the enter key after each one. This activation is suitable for all modifications of Windows systems, starting with XP, and works when, for some reason, activation from standard settings turns out to be impossible, or the protocol simply does not work.

Automatically obtain addresses

Now comes the most important part. In the case where the user has IPv6 without a network, you can use the automatic settings offered by the system itself and most Internet providers.

After clicking the setting button in the above section in the options window, you should use automatic receipt IP addresses, DNS settings, gateway, subnet mask, etc. In this case, the machine will immediately receive a dynamic address, which will later be used to identify it in a network connection and when using the Internet.

Setting parameters manually

If problems with IPv6 are observed with such settings, the Internet or network can be connected by setting the parameters manually.

In this case, we are talking about settings provided by the provider or network administrator. In other words, you will have to enter all the above values ​​yourself. It is worth noting that in most cases, additional settings Be sure to check the box that prohibits the use of a proxy server for local addresses. In any case, you need to enter the data very carefully, since even one incorrectly entered number can nullify all attempts to establish a connection.

Alternative DNS Settings

The automatic default DNS server settings (preferred and alternate) may not work. Sometimes even manually setting the values ​​provided by the provider may not have an effect. Therefore, many companies, in particular Yandex and Google, provide their own addresses that will be used in such settings.

For Google, combinations of four eights, two fours and two eights are used, or vice versa, and for Yandex services - two sevens, two eights and another eight for four address fields. However, when it comes to setting up TV smart panels, Yandex suggests entering combinations of numbers and letters, which looks very inconvenient.

But the main problem with using such settings compared to automatic ones or those offered by the provider is that the user will receive a connection speed limit, for example, at 50 Mbit/s, although the provider has declared support, say, 100-150 Mbit/s. You understand that there is no need to talk about any downloading of music or video content. Even when using torrent clients, the speed will be even more limited. So, for example, with a connection speed of 100-150 Mbit/s in a torrent, if there is a maximum number of distributions, you can get a download speed of 3-4 Mbit/s, with a value of 50 Mbit/s - several times less.

So think about whether to use these services. The use of such parameters is justified only if other settings do not work and the connection is not established.

Functionality check

Finally, after all the settings have been made, the system needs to be checked. In this case, you cannot rely only on the presence of a connection to the network or the Internet, since in most cases both versions of the protocol are used - both the fourth and the sixth.

To obtain updated data, we again use the ipconfig command, as indicated above, and check that the information contains an indication of the sixth version of the IP protocol with the assigned local address. As an alternative, you can use the network properties, where you click the details button. By the way, if available wireless connections Based on Wi-Fi, the desired menu can be called up directly by clicking on the status icon in the system tray.

Conclusion

That's all there is to it in a nutshell about the latest IPv6 protocol. What this is, I think, is already a little clear. In terms of the prospects for the development of this technology, we can say that it has every chance of becoming the most preferred all over the world, since the number of generated 128-bit addresses is so large that it is believed that it will be simply impossible to exhaust them even in the next fifty years. This is true, since the very indicator of possible values ​​of the parameters created and distributed amounts to almost trillions.

That is why we have nothing to worry about, even taking into account the growing popularity of mobile devices, sales of which are increasing almost exponentially from year to year. But the protocol itself, as is already clear, has almost inexhaustible possibilities. And, apparently, it will soon be possible to predict that support for the fourth version will be abandoned, and the sixth will still take first place, despite loud statements from competitors that they can present something completely new. But this looks very doubtful.

Joined MTS available opportunity connect to IPv6. This could previously be done only within the city of Moscow. Today, Moscow regions can also connect to the service, and most importantly, it’s completely free. Thanks to it, subscribers can use Internet services in two addressing modes - IPv4 and IPv6. Read more about access to IPv6 in MTS and what kind of service it is.

Logo for the “Access to IPv6” service of MTS

IPv6 is new internet a protocol that solves the problem of the previous IPv4 version. The fact is that the previous protocol ran out of addresses, since it used an address length of only 32 bits. The version is capable of connecting a limited number of users to the network - only about 4.3 billion. As of 2016, most organizations around the world announced a shortage of unique addresses. A new version IPv6 uses a 128-bit address length and completely eliminates the shortage problem.

At the same time, its use also provides hidden possibilities to the user. Such as access to blocked resources (if they support it), it works on all devices without exception. But there are also limitations. The service is not available on tariffs where it is disabled Mobile Internet, as well as on tariffs fixed line. The user's mobile device itself must support it.

Purpose of connecting IPv6 MTS

Many people wonder why access to IPv6 MTS is needed and what kind of service it is? Using the new Internet protocol, subscribers can use two IP addresses at once - IPv6 and IPv4. Thus, they have the opportunity to access resources on which they were blocked (i.e., their IP address). You just need to switch to another address - and the resource is available again. Using the service, you can gain access to dangerous sites that are not possible to access with IPv4.

MTS IPv6 access service increases security when connecting to the Internet by filtering ports that are potentially dangerous. But you cannot rely only on the capabilities of this service; the operator recommends using additional protection methods, such as Anti-Virus and firewalls.

Setting up and connecting the service

Before connecting IPv6 to MTS, make sure that your device supports it. Initially, you need to configure your device's access point. To do this, specify internet.mts.ru in the settings and set the APN protocol - IPv4/IPv6. Most modern devices already have these settings by default. If you need a specific protocol, then set the one you need here in the settings by selecting one of the proposed options.

You need to understand that by choosing IPv4, you will only use it. IPv6 will not be available.

You can use a USSD request to connect access to IPv6 in MTS.

• To do this, enter the following combination on the keyboard of your smartphone: *111*1428*1#.
• To disable the service, use another combination: *111*1428*2#.
• After sending the command, you will be notified with a message about the current status of the service.

There is another way to connect - with help SMS. To activate the IPv6 service, send a message with the text 1 to short number 1428. To disconnect, you need to send the number 2 in the text of the message to the same number.

When the service in MTS is activated, you may need to reboot your device to activate the Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 mode. In this case, the network will be rebooted. When connecting, no funds should be withdrawn from your account. Everyone knows that this MTS IPv6 access service is free.

How to check valid IP

After connecting to the MTS IPv6 service, there is no way to check the current IP address using built-in tools. But special services can help you, which determine your current address, DNS server, Internet provider and other information. For all devices and Windows versions and Android, the following 2 sites are suitable: test-ipv6.com, ipv6-test.com. When visiting resources, there is no need to open sections or click buttons. Information is displayed on them automatically. A table will appear in front of the user where you can view the details.

For Apple devices there is a separate resource that displays the current IP. Here when you visit you will also receive detailed information according to your connection. You must visit these sites after the MTS “Access to IPv6” service has already been activated.

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