Physics and technology of semiconductors journal English version

Scientometric indicators

Usage
  • 30352 Download full texts 2018

    Springer measures the number of full text downloads from the SpringerLink platform according to the COUNTER (Counting Online Usage of NeTworked Electronic Resources) standards.

  • 26 Usage factor 2017/2018

    The utilization factor is a value calculated according to the rules recommended by COUNTER. This is the average (median) number of downloads in 2017/18. for all articles published online in the same journal during the same period. Usage factor calculations are based on data compliant with COUNTER standards on the SpringerLink platform.

Influence
  • 0.691 Impact factor 2018

    Impact factor published by Clarivate Analytics in Journal Citation Reports. Impact factors refer to the previous year.

  • 0.78 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2018

    Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) measures the contextual citation impact of a journal by weighting citations within each subject group. The contribution of each individual citation is higher in each specific subject category, the less likely (from considerations of subject content) that such a citation will occur.

  • Q3 Quartile: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics 2018

    A set of journals from the same subject category are ranked according to their SJR and divided into 4 groups called quartiles. Q1 (green) unites journals with the highest scores, Q2 (yellow) - the next ones, Q3 (orange) - the third group by SJR value, Q4 (red) - journals with the lowest scores.

  • 0.31 SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2018

    SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) is a measure scientific influence journal, which takes into account the number of citations received by the journal and the ranking of citing journals.

  • 37 H-index 2018

SCOPE

Semiconductors is a journal that covers semiconductor theory, transport phenomena in semiconductors, optics, magnetooptics, and electrooptics of semiconductors, devices based on semiconductors and nanostructures including lasers, semiconductor surface physics, and structural defects in semiconductors.

Indexing and abstracting

Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch), Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, SCOPUS, INSPEC, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), Google Scholar, CNKI, Current Abstracts, Current Contents Collections / Electronics & Telecommunications Collection, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, EBSCO Academic Search, EBSCO Advanced Placement Source, EBSCO Discovery Service, EBSCO Energy & Power Source, EBSCO Engineering Source, EBSCO Science & Technology Collection, EBSCO STM Source, EBSCO TOC Premier, Gale, Gale Academic OneFile, Gale InfoTrac, INIS Atomindex, International Bibliography of Book Reviews (IBR), International Bibliography of Periodical Literature (IBZ), OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service, ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database, ProQuest SciTech Premium Collection, ProQuest Technology Collection, ProQuest-ExLibris Primo, ProQuest-ExLibris Summon.

12.5.3. FTP Server Log

After logging into the system, hackers often upload their own programs to the server to increase their rights or to open secret doors. You can use the FTP protocol for downloading. You can find out who connected to the server from the file /var/log/secure. But it will tell you what they uploaded /var/log/xferlog. We already talked a little about the FTP server log in section 10.3. Now let's get to know him better.

The FTP server log is text, like mail server, but we consider it separately. From my experience, if you use an FTP service, then this is what most often leads to problems. No, the program is quite good, but an attacker, as a rule, seeks to gain access to an account with FTP rights in order to be able to place his combat software on the server. By analyzing the log, you can quickly find out who downloaded what.

Let's look at an example of the file contents /var/log/xferlog:

Sun Jan 16 13:21:28 2005 1 192.168.77.10 46668 /home/flenov/sendmail.cf b _ o r flenov ftp 0 * c

From this line it is clear that on January 16 at 13:21 a user from the address 192.168.77.10 downloaded the file /home/flenov/sendmail.cf.

The FTP protocol is the most dangerous because through it an attacker can download secret data (for example, a file with passwords) or put his program (in particular, a rootkit or Trojan) on the server. You must learn to understand each entry in order to know what is happening to the files on the system. Let's look at each parameter in the log:

A full date, which consists of the day of the week, month, day, time and year;

Session duration or time spent downloading/uploading a file;

Remote host name or IP address;

File size in bytes;

Full path to the file that was downloaded or uploaded;

Transfer type - letter a (symbolic) or b (binary);

A symbol that defines special actions on a file:

U - unzipped;

T - processed by the tar program;

There was no action;

A character that determines the direction of transfer: o (download from the server) or i (upload to the server);

Character identifying the user type: a (anonymous), g (guest), or r (valid);

Local username. For anonymous users, you can see the ID number here;

Service name, usually the word ftp;

Authentication method. Here you can see 0 if there was no authentication, or 1 for RFC 931 authentication;

User ID. If it is not defined, you can see an asterisk;

A character that determines the state of the transfer: c (successful) or i (interrupted).

If you've never worked with an FTP log, I suggest you stop for a moment and take a close look at the example line shown above and your log entries. You should always approach a problem already prepared rather than studying it after it arises, otherwise you will lose.

Module start page

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol designed to transfer files to computer networks. An FTP server allows you to host files on the server and make them accessible over the network. Anonymous login and authorization using login and password are supported. You can set different access rights for users.

When entering a module, its status is displayed, the “Disable” button (or “Enable” if the module is disabled) and Last messages In the magazine.

Server settings

The Settings tab allows you to define the following parameters:

Port- defines the protocol data port (default standard port 21)

Ports for passive FTP. Initially, the protocol involved a reciprocal TCP connection from a server to a client to transfer a file or directory contents. This made it impossible to communicate with the server if the client was behind a NAT, in addition, often the connection request to the client was blocked by a firewall. To avoid this, an extension to the FTP passive mode protocol was developed, when the connection for data transfer also occurs from the client to the server. For these purposes, a range of ports is allocated to which clients can connect. The more simultaneous connections clients make, the wider this range should be.

Maximum number of connections- maximum number of simultaneously connected clients.

Maximum number of connections from one login- limits the user to the number of simultaneously created FTP sessions from his login (unlimited by default).

Maximum number of connections from one host- limits the user to the number of connections from one IP address (unlimited by default).

Certificate for FTPS. The server can operate either using a standard protocol, in which data is not encrypted when transferring files (which is unsafe), or using the FTPS protocol (File Transfer Protocol + SSL, or FTP / SSL) - a secure protocol for transferring files. SSL certificates are used for these purposes. By clicking on the […] button, you can assign a certificate to the service that was previously created in the corresponding module.

Resource management

You can add a new resource by going to the “FTP resources” tab and clicking on the “Add” - “FTP resource” button.

After you enter a name and description for the resource, you need to add a directory from the file storage structure. Click the […] button in the “source” column and specify the folder in which the contents of the FTP shares will be located. If necessary, you can create a new folder in the directory.

In the Access Rights window, select users or groups and mark their permissions to access the resource. Allow guest access- by checking this item you provide the ability to view and change FTP files resource to anyone connecting to the server.

To more precisely define user rights, click on the […] button in the line of the corresponding user or group. In the window that appears, select the required rights.

Magazine

The “Log” tab contains a summary of all system messages from FTP servers. The magazine is divided into pages; using the “forward” and “back” buttons you can move from page to page, or enter the page number in the field and switch directly to it.

Log entries are highlighted in color depending on the type of message. Regular system messages are marked in white, system status messages (on/off, user connection) are marked in green, errors are marked in red.

There is a search bar in the upper right corner of the module. With its help, you can search the journal for the entries you need.

The log always displays events for the current date. To view events on a different day, select the desired date using the calendar in the upper left corner of the module.

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Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Publishing House "Nauka" represented by Acting Director Dmitry Pavlovich Korotkov, acting on the basis of the Charter, hereinafter referred to as "Publishing house", on the one hand, and the Internet user, hereinafter referred to as "User", on the other hand, collectively referred to as the “Parties”, have entered into this agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement”)

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1.8.Account User – Authentication and personal data of the User stored on the servers of the Publishing House Site. An account is created as a result of the User's registration procedure and may be required in order to take advantage of certain features or certain functions of the Site.

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2.1. “Publishing House” provides the User with the opportunity to view, read and download Works presented in the Catalog on a paid basis. The Publishing House may provide other services to the User on the terms of the Appendices to the Agreement.

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In this case, the User is granted the following rights to use the Works:

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Failure to comply with the requirements of clause 3.2.5. The agreement is a violation of copyright law and is punishable by law!

3.2.6. All information posted on the Publishing House website about the procedure for using the Catalog, the payment procedure and other features of the execution of the Agreement is an integral part of the Agreement and is binding on the User.

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5. Responsibility of the parties. Limitation of liability of the Publisher.

5.1. The User assumes full responsibility and risks associated with the use of the Catalog.

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5.10. Under no circumstances is the Publishing House liable for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage, including lost profits or lost data, damage to honor, dignity or business reputation that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Site and (or) related services.

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6. Duration of the Agreement

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"Publishing house": Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Publishing House "Nauka"


TERMS OF USE

1. General Provisions

1.1. This User Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) applies to the Electronic library system- www. (hereinafter referred to as “Electronic Library System”).

1.2. Website of the Electronic Library System www. (hereinafter referred to as the Site) is the property of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Academic Scientific Publishing, Production, Printing and Book Distribution Center “Nauka” (FSUE “Publishing House “Nauka”).

1.3. This Agreement governs the relationship between the Administration of the “Electronic Library System” website www. (hereinafter referred to as the Site Administration) and the User (Users) of this Site.

1.4. This agreement, in accordance with Article 435 and paragraph 2 of Article 437 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, is a public offer to an unlimited number of persons, Internet users.

1.5. In accordance with Article 438 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, full and unconditional acceptance (acceptance) of the Agreement is:

  • confirmation by the User of his consent to the terms of the Agreement;
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1.6. The site administration reserves the right to change, add or delete clauses of this Agreement at any time without notifying the User.

1.7. Continued use of the Site by the User means acceptance of the Agreement and the changes made to this Agreement.

1.8. The User is personally responsible for checking this Agreement for changes to it.

2. Terms used in the Agreement

2.1. User – an Internet user, any individual or legal entity (representative of a legal entity) who voluntarily completed Registration and/or began using any services of the Site.

2.2. Works (Content) – electronic versions of scientific publications, including periodicals, as well as non-periodical publications, presented electronically on the Internet in various formats, posted on the Website of the Electronic Library System, accessible to Users through the Website of the Electronic Library System.

2.3. Catalog – a collection of Works.

2.4. Login and Password are two unique sets of characters that identify the User.

2.5. The website “Electronic Library System” is an information resource on the Internet owned by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Publishing House “Nauka”, located on the domain www. .

2.6. Site Administration - employees authorized to manage the Site, acting on behalf of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Publishing House "Nauka"

2.7. Downloading – recording by the User of Works into the computer memory.

2.8. Billing is a payment accounting system.

2.9. User Account – Authentication and personal data of the User stored on the servers of the Electronic Library System Site. An account is created as a result of the User's registration procedure and may be required in order to take advantage of certain features or certain functions of the Site.

3. Subject of the Agreement

3.1. The “Electronic Library System” provides the User with the opportunity to view, read and download Works presented in the Catalog on a paid basis.

3.2. The user can register and pay for a preliminary annual (partial annual) subscription for the ability to view, read and download electronic versions of Works, as well as a preliminary subscription for the opportunity to receive a collection of Works that are not posted in the Catalog at the time of registration and payment.

4. Responsibilities of the parties

4.1. Responsibilities of the “Site Administration”:

4.1.1. Provide the User with the opportunity to view, read and download the Work on the Site no later than 24 hours from the moment Billing confirms the payment made and identifies the User as the payer of the payment made. If the User registers and pays for a preliminary subscription in accordance with clause 3.2. Agreement, to provide the User with the opportunity to view, read and download the Work no later than 24 hours from the moment of their placement in the Catalog, subject to confirmation by Billing of the previously made payment and identification of the User as the payer of the payment made.

4.1.2. Do not disclose to third parties the Login and Password, the User’s email address, as well as other information received from the User during registration.

4.1.3. Notify the User of changes to the terms of the Agreement and its Appendices by posting relevant information on the Electronic Library System Website at least 30 (thirty) calendar days before the changes come into force.

4.2. User Responsibilities:

4.2.1. Register on the “Electronic Library System” website. Set a Login and Password, the uniqueness of which is confirmed by the “Site Administration”. At the same time, strictly and strictly follow the instructions of the Site Administration on the registration procedure posted on the “Electronic Library System” Site.

4.2.2. Pay for the opportunity to view, read and download Works in accordance with clause 4 of the Agreement.

4.2.3. Ensure the confidentiality of the Login and Password provided during registration.

4.2.4. Use the downloaded Works exclusively for personal purposes. In this case, the User is granted the following rights to use the Works:

  • provide remote access on the Internet through the Website of the Electronic Library System to Works, which means the ability to search, view, download and read Works.
  • print out individual parts of the Works for archival purposes only.
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  • reproduce in newspapers, broadcast or broadcast by cable for public information certain parts of the Works to the extent justified by the informational purpose.
  • the use of the Works (their component parts) under this Agreement is carried out with the obligatory indication of the name of the authors (co-authors) of the Works (their component parts), the name of the copyright holder of the Works indicated in the Work.

4.2.5. The user does not have the right:

  • transfer or distribute downloaded Works to third parties, either in whole or in part, except for the cases provided for in clause 4.2.4. Agreements;
  • communicate publicly the Works in full, through well-known broadcast channels, such as radio, television, etc., except for the cases provided for in clause 4.2.4. Agreements;
  • reproduce the Works, that is, make copies of the Works or parts thereof in any material form if this reproduction is for the purpose of further distribution;
  • make the Works available to the public using the Internet and other digital networks both completely and partially;
  • change or otherwise process the texts of the Works.
  • print the entire Work, which is a magazine issue, magazine or book;
  • post links to the Works available for use by the User on any resources in such a way that a third party has access to these Works. In particular, the User is prohibited from providing third parties with information necessary to gain access to personal pages of the Site that require User authorization.
  • use other software for automatic searching and downloading, except those implemented on the Electronic Library System website
  • Failure by the User to comply with the requirements of clause 4.2.5. The Agreement is a violation of copyright law and entails the consequences specified in clause 10.1 and clause 10.2 of the Agreement.

4.2.6. All information posted on the Electronic Library System Website about the procedure for using the Catalog, the payment procedure and other features of the execution of the Agreement is an integral part of the Agreement and is binding on the User.

5. Payment terms

5.1. The user makes an advance payment in Russian rubles on the terms specified on the Website of the Electronic Library System.

5.2. Payment methods are indicated on the Site in the Payment Methods section. The agreed payment method is the method selected by the User from the available payment methods on the Electronic Library System Website.

5.3. The procedure for payment using bank cards is indicated on the Website in the Payment Methods section. Transactions using bank cards can only be performed by the card holder. Authorization of transactions on bank cards is carried out by the bank. Acceptance and processing of payments using bank cards is carried out by the electronic payment provider Yandex.Kassa or another electronic payment provider. The “site administration” does not process, including collecting and storing Users’ bank card data.

5.4. The price for providing the User - an individual with the opportunity to view, read and download Works is indicated on the Website of the Electronic Library System in the relevant sections. For users who are legal entities, prices are sent by the “Site Administration” upon request through agreed communication channels. The “Site Administration” has the right to unilaterally change current prices by posting relevant information on the Website of the “Electronic Library System” or informing Users in any other accessible way. Any price change does not affect already paid access.

6. Responsibility of the parties. Limitation of liability of the Electronic Library System.

6.1. The User assumes full responsibility and risks associated with the use of the Catalog.

6.2. The User is fully responsible for the use of the Login and Password by third parties.

6.3. The User is fully responsible for the use by third parties of information transmitted by the “Site Administration” to the email address specified by the User during registration.

6.4. The “Site Administration” is not responsible for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Catalog.

6.5. The “site administration” is not responsible for the quality of access to the Catalog via the Internet.

6.6. Under no circumstances is the “Site Administration” liable for the use of the Login and Password by third parties.

6.7. The “site administration” is not responsible for direct or indirect damage incurred by the User as a result of data transmission errors, failures/defects in the operation of software and/or equipment, data loss and damage, errors in processing or displaying data, delays in data transmission and others failures that occurred through no fault of the Site Administration.

6.8. The Electronic Library System website and all related services are provided on an “as is” basis, without any express or implied warranties that the said Website and/or services may or may not be suitable for a particular purpose of use.

6.9. The “Site Administration” is not responsible for the inability to use the Site and (or) related services by the User for any reason, including, but not limited to: errors, omissions, interruptions, deletion, defects, delay in processing or transmission of data, disruption of work communication lines, equipment malfunction, any technical failures or other problems of any telephone networks or services, computer systems, servers or providers, computer or telephone equipment, software, failure of providers of certain services, theft, destruction or unauthorized access to User materials , posted on the Site or in any other place, etc.

6.10. Under no circumstances is the “Site Administration” liable for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage, including lost profits or lost data, damage to honor, dignity or business reputation that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Site and (or) related services .

6.11. If it is impossible for the “Electronic Library System” to provide the User with the opportunity to view, read and download the Work for reasons beyond the control of the “Site Administration”, the “Site Administration”, at the request of the User, returns the received advance payment. In this case, the amount of responsibility of the “Site Administration” is limited to the amount of the advance payment received from the User for the opportunity to view, read and download the Work, which was not provided.

7. Duration of the Agreement

7.1. The Agreement comes into force from the moment the User accepts the terms of the Agreement (each Appendix to the Agreement comes into force from the moment the User accepts the terms of this Appendix) and is valid until the Parties fully fulfill their obligations.

8. Force majeure circumstances

8.1. The parties are released from liability for partial or complete failure to fulfill obligations under this Agreement if such failure was a direct consequence of force majeure circumstances (force majeure circumstances) that arose after the conclusion of the Agreement, as a result of extraordinary events, namely: fire, flood, hurricane and earthquake or restrictions imposed by government authorities on the activities of any of the Parties, and if these circumstances could not be foreseen or prevented by the Parties by reasonable measures.

9. Other conditions

9.1. In the event that any provision or any part of the Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions and portions of the Agreement will remain in full force and effect.

9.2. In all other respects, the Parties to the Agreement agreed to be guided by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

9.3. The “Site Administration” has the right to make changes to the Agreement with the obligatory posting of the relevant information on the Website of the “Electronic Library System” no later than 30 (thirty) calendar days before the relevant changes come into force.

9.4. Relations between the “Site Administration” and the User, who are legal entities, are regulated on the basis of separately concluded Agreements, which specify the specific terms of the relationship between the Parties.

9.5. For any questions that arise, the User has the right to contact the Site Support Service at the following email address:

10. Dispute resolution

10.1. Disputes and disagreements that may arise under this Agreement are resolved by following the pre-trial (claim) procedure. The period for consideration by the Site Administration of a claim is 10 (Ten) calendar days from the date of its receipt from the User.

10.2. If the Parties do not come to an agreement, these disputes and disagreements are resolved in court in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the court at the location of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Publishing House “Nauka”” in accordance with the rules of jurisdiction and jurisdiction.

11. Privacy Notice

11.1. The User's consent to provide personal information is determined by agreement with this public offer, which occurs automatically when the User goes through the registration procedure on the Site.

11.2. In accordance with the Federal Law “On Personal Data” No. 152-FZ of July 27, 2006 and this privacy policy, the Site Administration does not use, process or store the User’s personal data.

11.3. The “Site Administration” collects and stores only the User data necessary for the operation of the Site. The “site administration” can use the User’s data to identify him, clarify payment data, provide personalized services, provide feedback to the User, process applications and requests, perform impersonal statistical calculations and improve the quality of services provided to the User.