One author suggested the simplest way to do this. A satellite dish is used as a basis, because it is ideally shaped for focusing sun rays, formally it is intended to focus waves. In addition, this antenna has an adjustable unit that allows you to change its angle if necessary and conveniently follow the sun.

This solar oven works very simply. When the sun's rays hit the plate, they are reflected from it and then focused at one point. As a result, the temperature increases sharply at this point, the principle is very similar to the operation of a lens.

Materials and tools for manufacturing:
- parabolic satellite antenna;
- board or timber to create a reliable foundation;
- saw for metal;
- wooden plank;
- mirror film;
- glue;
- scissors and other tools.

Solar oven manufacturing process:

Step one. Making a platform for the oven
In order for the stove to stand securely on the ground and still hold the pot, it needs to be well supported. A board is suitable for these purposes, but it is better to use timber, as it is heavier. The platform needs to be made as wide as possible, then the stove will be more stable and will not tip over even with a strong gust of wind. You need to cut two pieces of board and then screw the antenna to it with self-tapping screws as shown in the photo.

Step two. Extending the gander
The thing is that the dish is designed to focus waves in the area of ​​​​the LNB heads, that is, this is too small a distance for focusing the rays on the bowler. In this regard, the gander needs to be lengthened a little. A wooden block is used for these purposes. It needs to be sharpened at one end and then driven into the antenna pipe. At the end of the gander you need to hammer a hook, the bowler will be hung on it. Instead of a hook on the gander, you can make cuts into which the handle of the pot will simply be inserted. Thus, the distance to the pot from the antenna sheet can be adjusted if necessary.

Step three. Create a reflective surface
In order for the sun's rays to reflect off the antenna, its surface must be made mirror-like. For these purposes, you can use foil, mirror film or small pieces of mirror. It is important to understand here that the efficiency of the furnace will directly depend on the quality of the materials used. How better material will reflect the sun's rays, the higher the temperature at the focused point.

Step four. Final assembly and inspection of the furnace
Now the oven can be assembled and tested in practice. It needs to be turned towards the sun so that the focused rays fall directly on the pot. You may have to experiment with the distance from the antenna to the pot. The better the beam is focused, the higher the temperature will be.

There are several tricks to improve the efficiency of such a furnace. Firstly, the pot must be black, since if it reflects the color of the sun, the efficiency of such a device will be low. Secondly, the pot can be placed in a heat-resistant bag; as a result, a greenhouse effect will be formed in the bag and the efficiency of the stove will increase significantly.

The disadvantage of such a stove is that it needs to be turned towards the sun every half hour. In addition, there is a risk of getting burned if you accidentally get exposed to focused sunlight. Getting such an energy source into your eyes is very dangerous.
According to the author, at the focusing point the temperature reaches several hundred degrees. For example, a stove easily ignites a wooden block, and this requires about 300 degrees. In the photo you can see how a newspaper caught fire from a beam of light, and all this after 15 seconds, although the temperature outside was only +18 degrees.

You need to wear sunglasses when working with such stoves, as there is a risk of burning the cornea of ​​the eye due to glare.

At the end of the twentieth century, satellite television quickly burst into our homes and began to improve just as quickly. Not everyone probably remembers the first Soviet-made satellite receivers from the Krosna company! It was a huge unit on which only 8 channels could be configured by rotating the variable resistor wheels. But progress in this area has led to the fact that receiving equipment satellite television began to age rapidly. The analog signal was replaced by a digital signal of the MPEG-2 standard, and now it is already living its last days, after the introduction of the MPEG-4 standard, which MPEG-2 receivers can no longer receive and decode...

Naturally, analogue and digital satellite receivers began to rapidly accumulate in the hands of the population and also in landfills. early models. For ordinary people, this is just garbage, but for us, radio amateurs, it is a rather valuable source of parts, cases in which you can assemble some kind of device, connectors, power cords, transformers and ready-made power supplies.

And strange as it may seem, analogue receivers may be of greater interest to radio amateurs because they were assembled using full-size components and, having a considerable current consumption, had power supplies and transformers of decent power. You can also profit from displays, high-frequency units and ordinary capacitors, resistors, transistors, diodes, etc.

It all depends on what condition the unit is in and what its configuration is, sometimes it can be used as a clock, a timer with an actuator, but some devices can be used in a more interesting way.

We will talk about tuners with a built-in positioner. The positioner is electronic device, designed to rotate a satellite dish along the orbital axis to various satellites with memorization of their positions and subsequent rotation of the dish to these positions by supplying a supply voltage of +/- 48 volts to the actuator. The actuator is an electric motor direct current with gearbox and retractable rod. They come with a retractable part of various lengths: 8-12-18-24-32 inches and can be quite powerful, for example, I know of cases when, on a jammed rotary mechanism, the motor bent the channel ten! There were also tuners with a dual positioner designed to orient the antenna along both the horizontal and vertical axis.

What is the main idea of ​​this review: what can be learned from these devices and how they can be used if they remain functional. If the tuner with a positioner has retained its functionality as a positioner (analog), it can be used for its intended purpose as a positioner, as well as for opening doors, gates, orienting a solar panel, etc. If all the electronics are burned out and cannot be restored, but the transformer remains intact, a transformer-motor pair can be used for the same processes, but with your electronic filling.

The article contained photographs of 2 old receivers and you yourself will evaluate their contents. One of them is an analog Mirage 2200 with a double positioner. I inserted a 3-position toggle switch into it so that I could supply power from it to the motor, without the participation of a positioner.

Over time, many people end up with old junk - satellite receivers that break down, become outdated, or are transferred to another operator and are thrown into a landfill or thrown into a “dark corner.” But if you wish, you can assemble devices from nodes that will still be useful.

The TV modulator itself is from a satellite receiver.

For example, in old receivers Tricolor TV, NTV+, Raduga TV, now deceased, and others, there is an RF modulator for transmitting a video signal to antenna input TV, which is essentially a miniature television transmitter with digital synthesis and control via the IIC digital bus.

I had a small number of Tricolor TV GS DRE 5000, 7300 and similar receivers lying around without cryptomodules, but I had the opportunity to keep about 30 of them... I missed it... We literally cut out the modulator itself from the “motherboard”. On different motherboards modules of different names, but essentially the same, are made on the TA1297AFNG chip. The specification for this modulator indicates the supply voltage of +5 and +30V. I still don’t understand why 30 volts, it works without it.

ATMEGA8 modulator control circuit

This microcircuit is essentially a ready-made PLL TV modulator for the UHF (UHF) range with overlap from 21 to 69. You can programmatically adjust the audio spacing; the default width is 5.5 MHz. It's a shame it doesn't support stereo sound. But we will survive nothing. The signal from this TV modulator is supplied via a TV cable to the antenna socket of the TV, but if desired, it can be transmitted through the wall, throughout the apartment or house, just connect external antenna and/or add a transistor amplification stage. Or connect the UHF amplifier antennas, swapping the input and output... The signal source can serve satellite receiver, media player or video surveillance system.

another prototype...

But simply by applying voltage, this TV modulator will not work; you need to assemble a device that issues control commands. In my version, the device was assembled on the popular and inexpensive ATMEGA8 microcontroller; I also used an indicator from the GS DRE 5000 receiver (from all similar ones) to display the channel number.

When you turn on the power of the modulator, it automatically switches to channel 36, then you can use the control buttons to select any channel of the UHF range. Subsequently, firmware will be written for the microcontroller, where it will be possible to remember the channel number when turning it off and on and adjust the sound width 5.5 - 6.5 MHz.

Transmitted picture quality

For now, look for how and how to flash a microcontroller in search engines; later I’ll create a topic on our FORUM. printed circuit board I didn’t do it because... The circuit is very simple. I advise you to buy a breadboard and solder everything on it, if anyone is planning to do it...

Firmware for ATMEGA8 microcontroller: RFmodulatorV1.

POST SCRIPTUM...

There is an inaccuracy in the diagram; the device contains a TNF 0170U623R modulator from TENAS, which was also installed on the boards by the GS receiver. When I was “picking”, I mixed up the modulator block. It is made on the MBS741T1AEF chip. The one indicated in the diagram did not start for me. The commands for MBS741T1AEF apparently correspond to TA1297AFNG, the program was written specifically according to the TA1297AFNG datasheet.

Updated firmware with remembering the channel number when the channel number is disabled RFmodulatorV2.

And swap 3 and 4 on the modulator.

You can discuss this and other news on our

On sale for specific models satellite receivers, there are additional tuners.

Why do I need a satellite tuner, the receiver already shows it perfectly?

Everything is correct, however, technology does not stand still, it develops and we use it with pleasure. And the fact is that we are often offered a new digital broadcasting standard.

In this case, we are always told about a higher quality and “live picture”. To taste all the delights of HD images or make the transition to terrestrial TV broadcasting, you need a receiver that can provide all this.

To take advantage of all the benefits digital signal, required additional installation in the satellite receiver.

And so, a satellite tuner and what it can do.

The satellite tuner can provide reception:

DVB-C (cable TV);
DVB-S and DVB-S2 (satellite TV);
DVB-T and + DVB-T2 - terrestrial (terrestrial) TV.

Let's look at a few of them.

External combined tuner Vu+ DVB-T2-C USB Turbo.

Its mission is to expand the capabilities of receiving digital broadcast and cable channels on Vu+ satellite receivers.

The connection is very simple, with USB help cable.

What is noteworthy is that it does not require additional power supply. An external tuner is used to receive digital terrestrial DVB-T2 and cable DVB-C channels on satellite receivers manufactured by Vu+.

Supports connection to VU+ receivers: Zero, Uno, Solo, Solo2, Solo SE, Duo and Duo2.

Let me remind you that the receiver must have an image installed that contains drivers for the tuner to function fully.

In images from the VTi team, the necessary drivers were added starting from version 8.2.x, in BlackHole images starting from version 2.1.6.

Earlier versions of these command images do not contain current drivers for the operation of this combined tuner. To connect the tuner to the receiver, you must turn it off using the toggle switch on the rear wall.

Then you need to go to the tuner settings through the menu and make sure that he sees the connected selector.

Next, you configure the necessary parameters for scanning channels. In addition, when choosing DVB-T/T2 standards, it is supported to turn on the +5 Volt voltage supply to power the active terrestrial antenna amplifier.

Tuner specifications:

DVB-T2 COFDM demodulator FEC (LDPC/BCH)
Receiving frequencies: 42 ~ 900MHz
Supports up to 255 PLP
FFT: 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K
Modulations: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM
Frequency bands: 1.7 5, 6, 7, 8 MHz
DVB-T COFDM demodulator FEC (BCH)
Receiving frequencies: 42 ~ 900MHz
FFT: 2K, 8K
Modulations: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM
Frequency bands: 5, 6, 7, 8 MHz
DVB-C (ETSI EN 300 429)
Reception frequencies: 48 ~ 870 MHz
Modulations: 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM
Symbol rate: 1~7.2M
Weight: 0.5kg
Dimensions: 13 cm × 7 cm × 5 cm

Vu+ Hybrid DVB-T2/T/C tuner.

A replaceable hybrid DVB-T2/T/C tuner, the installation of which adds the ability to receive terrestrial broadcasts to your Vu+ Uno, Vu+ Ultimo, Vu+ Solo SE, Vu+ Duo2, Vu+ Solo 4K satellite receiver digital television and cable digital television

A replaceable hybrid DVB-T2/T/C tuner, the installation of which adds to your satellite receiver the ability to receive terrestrial digital television and cable digital television.

In the Vu+ Ultimo/Duo2/Solo 4K models you can install several different tuners at once, that is, a combined version of DVB-S2 + DVB-T2 + DVB-T is possible.

Technical specifications:

VHF channels: 2-12 (49-230 MHz)
UHF channels: 21-69 (470-861 MHz)
DVB-C HDTV compatible
Input frequency range: 51-858 MHz
Symbol Rate: 1-7 Mbaud/s
Input Impedance: 75 ohms
Tuner Input/Output: IEC connector
DVB-C/DVB-T/T2 selection using software

DVB-S2 tuner for Openbox S9.

Replacement satellite tuner for the Openbox S9 receiver. Supports signal reception in DVB-S and DVB-S2 standards.

This tuner can be used to replace the selector DVB-C standard or DVB-T2/C in the Openbox S9 receiver, if one is installed, to take advantage of all the capabilities of receiving a signal to two satellite tuners of the DVB-S2 standard

DVB-C/T for DM 800SE / 820 / 8000 / 7020HD / 7080.

Replacement cable-terrestrial tuner for the original Dreambox DM 800 SE / 820 / 8000 / 7020 HD / 7080 receiver. Supports signal reception in DVB-C/T standards.

Used for receiving digital cable and terrestrial television.

This tuner is installed in the original Dreambox DM 800 SE / 820 / 8000 / 7020 HD / 7080 receivers. It can be used to repair or modify the device by replacing a faulty or problematic selector.

From China.

As is clear, the DVB-T/C/S2 tuner for Dreambox 800 HD se is not original. Replacement combined tuner for the Chinese receiver Dreambox 800 HD se.

Supports signal reception in DVB-T, DVB-C and DVB-S2 standards. Used for receiving digital terrestrial, cable and satellite television.

This tuner is installed in both early and later versions of Chinese Dreambox 800 HD se receivers. Can be used to repair the device by replacing a faulty or problematic selector.

And also to expand the capabilities of the receiver, accurately receiving cable and terrestrial digital broadcasting. Please note that this tuner does not receive a signal in the DVB-T2 standard.

DVB-S2 tuner for AzBox HD Premium Plus.

Allows you to replace a failed first tuner and use the second tuner in combination with DVB-C, DVB-T, DVB-S2 tuners.

Add the ability to simultaneously record a channel from one transponder or satellite and view a channel from another transponder or satellite.

This is roughly the situation with the possibility of improving your satellite receiver. I think that the purchase is justified and a satellite tuner can give a bonus in terms of budget savings.

After such an upgrade, you will not have to buy another satellite receiver.

Good luck, Friends!

Despite the title, the article below will not talk about how to make a satellite dish or solder a receiver yourself. Just a note about what you need to purchase and how to install and configure everything yourself in order to watch TV channels on your plate.

Suppose you live in a country house, in a village, or simply “far from civilization.” But I want to watch TV, and not a couple of channels broadcast on the air.

(Small digression: on this moment On-air digital broadcasting is actively developing. Find out if the number of channels you need through terrestrial digital television is available in your area? In this case, you will only need a set-top box to receive a digital signal (if the TV does not support it), and the antenna does not need to be changed.)

And so you decided to acquire satellite equipment to watch many TV shows. First you need to decide: what channels do you want to watch? If your goal is various Discovery, Viasat and/or purely sports channels, then we immediately inform you: it is better to conclude an agreement with one of the companies providing satellite television services for a subscription fee. Such channels are transmitted in encrypted form and only some of them can be viewed “on the ball”. Fortunately, nowadays companies involved in installation satellite equipment and provision paid services enough. You can order installation even in the middle of nowhere, the only question is the cost.

If you decide to go this route, we will give you some advice here:
1) if there are several offers, carefully study the list of channels provided in a particular package, the need to pay extra separately for sports, educational channels, etc.;
2) opportunity free installation equipment by company specialists;
3) is there a separate charge for “kilometers to the client” upon departure?
4) it’s a good idea to pay attention to the company’s reputation: read it on the Internet, ask clients;
5) find out whether the signal quality of the equipment installed by the company is good in your area;
6) it is often possible to connect profitably (for example, equipment or installation at cheap prices, half the monthly fee for some time for a more expensive package, or even a couple of months of “freebies”) for various types of promotions; As a rule, to attract clients, large firms conduct them regularly: New Year, for a company anniversary, etc.;
7) well, and advice that is suitable for any transaction: carefully read the signed agreement BEFORE signing, and not after, coming home and relaxing in front of your favorite TV channel; It may well be that a promotion that is profitable at first glance obliges you to use the services for at least a couple of years after concluding the contract, otherwise a penalty will be written off, etc.; in general: always be on your guard! and enjoy watching!

For those who decided to do everything himself, material below.

Again, to begin with, let's make a reservation: this information Suitable most for those who live in the European part of the former USSR.
So what is needed?
To begin with: desire! The desire to do everything yourself (or with someone’s help). Without this, you may not reach a successful ending. Then patience, a steady hand, a minimum of tools and a little Money. Regarding the last one. A lot depends on where, what and from whom you will purchase. But even if you buy everything new, you can easily invest in the equivalent of 100 UDS, unless, of course, you are chasing branded equipment. And it doesn’t always make sense to purchase everything new, for example, if there is a profitable used offer on the market. The same dish or receiver is not a flash drive: it can work for a very long time and efficiently (although some flash drives are reliable :)).

And again a small digression: introduction to the world of satellite television. What is this anyway? First, let's take a look at Wikipedia.

Geostationary orbit (GSO) is a circular orbit located above the Earth’s equator (0° latitude), while in which an artificial satellite orbits the planet with an angular velocity equal to the angular velocity of the Earth’s rotation around its axis. In a horizontal coordinate system, the direction to the satellite does not change either in azimuth or height above the horizon; the satellite “hangs” motionless in the sky.

Those. somewhere high in space, at an altitude of approximately 36 km from the surface of the Earth, an artificial satellite of the Earth rotates synchronously with it, which is a powerful receiver and transmitter of a television signal. It receives the signal from high-power ground transmitting antenna(s) and transmits it to a large area below it. In fact, there are many satellites. Each of them broadcasts to a specific area according to the direction of its transmitting antennas. Several conclusions follow from this: the satellite is very far away, it is limited in mass, volume, power supply capabilities, it is impossible to repair it if something happens, hence the complexity, duplication of systems, etc. From all this the conclusion is: the power of the transmitting signal is limited, the signal from the satellite is very weak.
Then, a satellite is expensive, which means it needs to be used to the maximum: transmit through it as many channels as possible to a large area of ​​the Earth. The second conclusion: the usual technologies that we still use for transmitting on-air television and radio broadcasts are not suitable - the number of transmitted channels is too small. Therefore, satellite television uses modern digital data transmission methods. The third conclusion: all channels cannot be “stuffed” into one satellite for technical and organizational reasons.

Now let's see: what do these conclusions mean for us?
Reception technology required weak signal. A parabolic antenna is used for this. Here, the larger the area of ​​the parabolic mirror, the better. Better for a signal that is collected and focused to a point. But the larger the antenna, the more expensive and heavier it is. It is more difficult to install, and securing it securely to counteract strong vert is generally a problem at home, as a rule. Therefore, in practice, they choose a size sufficient for high-quality reception, and for most of Eastern Europe this is a diameter of 0.8 meters. One of the most common diameters is 0.95 m.
There are two main types satellite dishes: direct focus and offset. The first ones have a signal receiver (irradiator) installed at the focus of the parabolic mirror, which coincides with the geometric one. In the second, the signal collected at a point from a parabolic mirror is reflected to a point below the geometric center of the antenna. This eliminates the shading of the useful area of ​​the antenna by the feed and its supports, which increases its efficiency with the same mirror area as the direct-focus antenna. In addition, the feed is installed below the center of gravity of the antenna, thereby increasing its stability under wind loads. The offset antenna mirror is mounted almost vertically. Depending on the geographic latitude, the angle of its inclination varies slightly. This position prevents precipitation from collecting in the antenna bowl, which greatly affects the quality of reception. When viewed through the light, the antenna does not appear as a circle, but as an ellipse, elongated vertically. The dimensions of an offset antenna are usually given in terms of gain equivalent to the direct focus ones. If this size is the same horizontally, then vertically it will be approximately 10% larger.
In the future, by satellite antenna we will only mean offset antenna, as it is the most common one.

Direct focus antenna.

Offset antenna.

There is also a distinction between fixed and mobile antenna mounting. In the first case, the antenna is fixedly attached to the base, in the second - to a special positioner. The latter’s task is to rotate the antenna in an arc to position it on the desired satellite. The signal to turn is usually given by a satellite receiver. It takes some time to accurately position the satellite when selecting a program from a different satellite than the current one. Technically implemented using a motor-actuator. Expensive and, therefore, not a common solution. The practical part will not be considered.

As mentioned above, the signal from the antenna is focused to one point, where a device called a converter (LNB head or low-noise block converter or low-noise monoblock converter) is installed. Based on the name “satellite converter,” it immediately becomes clear that this device converts (converts) something. An electromagnetic signal comes from the satellite, which is focused by the satellite dish onto the converter and converted by the LNB head into an intermediate frequency. This is necessary so that the signal can be efficiently transmitted further along the cable. In addition, the LNB head amplifies the received signal. Next, the signal via a coaxial cable from the LNB head goes to the satellite receiver, which, as a rule, is a separate device (the so-called satellite set-top box), but can also be built into the TV.
Due to the fact that the satellite is very far away relative to the receiving antenna, you have to point this same antenna very precisely at the satellite itself.
Let's summarize: to receive satellite television, you must, in addition to the TV itself, have the following equipment.
1) Parabolic antenna with a diameter of 0.8 m.
2) LNB head.
3) If you want to watch TV programs from more than one satellite, then you need a switch (switch) of DiSEqC heads.
4) Coaxial cable.
5) Satellite receiver.

This is where the theoretical part ends. Let's move on to the practical.

First, determine where to mount the parabolic antenna. The height above the ground does not play a special role. It is important that there are no obstacles on the satellite-antenna line. Even tree crowns. For residents of Eastern Europe, the direction to the satellite will be south with a shift to the west or east, depending on the coordinates of the antenna and satellite. After all, we remember that geostationary satellites are launched into equatorial orbit.
The mounting location must be strong and securely fastened: even the slightest vibrations of the antenna will lead to signal loss. The best option is the main wall of the building or reinforced concrete roof slab. But other options are also suitable, for example, a rigidly reinforced vertically installed iron pipe of such a diameter that it does not sway during gusts of wind. Depending on the chosen mounting option, select the appropriate fastener, which is fixed on one side to a fixed surface, and the antenna itself is attached to the other. As a rule, the antennas themselves are not equipped with such a part. This could be a home-made product, the main thing to remember is that the antenna has a large windage and it will need to be accurately aimed at the satellite, i.e. Reliability and ease of installation and configuration of the antenna itself are important.
Then choose the antenna itself. Here it is better to ask the owners of satellite equipment in your area what diameter of the “dish” they use and whether the reception is good during thick clouds and/or rain. If, for example, it turns out that when receiving on an antenna with a diameter of 0.8 m, there is a loss of signal during heavy rain, then you should think about purchasing an antenna with a diameter of 0.95 m. At the same time, overpay for a 1.5 m “dish” diameter makes no sense. In addition, it may turn out that the one who provided you with the above information simply does not have the antenna pointed at the satellite accurately enough. In general, the advice of knowledgeable people and the experience of neighbors with “plates” will help here.
Afterwards, you need to decide how many satellites you want to watch TV programs from? In theory, you can “overgrow” antennas like mushrooms after rain, but in practice the most common option is one “dish”, a mount for three receiving heads, three LNB heads, a DiSEqC switch for 4 heads, then a cable from DiSEqC to the receiver, the receiver itself, and from it to the TV. This is the so-called multi-feed scheme. Let's look again at Wikipedia.
Multifeed is a set of devices (in particular, converters) designed to receive signals from several satellites onto one parabolic antenna. A multifeed is often called a bracket on which additional converters are mounted.

This scheme has been worked out for years; it allows you to watch a maximum of Slavic-language programs with minimal financial investment. With three LNB heads manually, without resorting to special equipment, it is possible to configure acceptable signal quality for the three most popular satellites in Eastern Europe: Amos 4W, Astra 4.9E, Hot Bird 13E.
The beauty here is that you can use one antenna for these satellites. First, the antenna with the central head is configured, usually on the Hot Bird 13E, although it can be used on any other one. In this case, both the position of the plate itself and the head change to achieve the maximum signal level. The signal from this satellite with high-quality tuning will be the strongest. Then the other two are adjusted, but only through the heads themselves.
The most common type of LNB head is for one output, as it is the most popular and cheapest. From it the signal goes via cable to the DiSEqC switch or receiver. With this scheme, it is possible to serve only one TV with a signal. But there are heads on large quantity outputs, which allows one antenna and LNB head to supply more than one receiver with a signal, thereby saving on equipment. This is very convenient if, for example, there is more than one TV in the house.

LNB heads: with one output and four.

In the second case, all 4 outputs can be connected to different receivers or DiSEqC. The receiver can simultaneously work with only one LNB head, this is where the DiSEqC switch is needed if you want to watch several satellites on one “dish”. Depending on the program selected by the user, he connects one or another LNB head to the receiver and supplies it with the supply voltage necessary for the head to operate. In the vast majority of cases, there is only one DiSEqC between the LNB head and the receiver, but there are intricate schemes with cascaded DiSEqC, but these are such rarely used cases that we will not consider them.

Next, you need a coaxial cable to connect DiSEqC and the receiver. It must be taken with a margin of a couple of meters relative to the distance that you are measuring. But remember that the longer the cable, the greater the loss.

It's time to talk about the receiver. This is a very broad topic.
Most fans television channels The simplest receiver, for example Orton 4100C, will do. But general information on choosing a satellite set-top box will not harm anyone.

First of all, if you have modern TV, then take a look at its instructions or read it on the Internet - it may happen that the required digital signal receiver is already built into this TV. If not, here's something to look out for.
1) The number and type of signal outputs, as a rule, there should be at least three of them: a regular antenna output, a SCART, a regular Video-out. In this case, it is easier to avoid connection conflicts if there is other video equipment also connected to the TV, such as a DVD or BLUE-RAY drive, game console, terrestrial digital television receiver, etc.
2) Does the receiver support HDTV (high definition television) signal reception? In our area, this is still a curiosity - the presence of clearly broadcasting (in the native language) HDTV channels, and even those that you can watch for free, but time does not stand still.
3) Availability of instructions in understandable language.
4) Number and type of service connectors. They are necessary to flash the receiver. Flashing is necessary to correct errors in the current firmware or to update the channel list. (Yes, yes, a receiver is a specialized computer like a telephone or a router, and from time to time it also needs to “upload” something). Ideally, there should be two such connectors: RS-232 (pins in two rows) and USB. If there is no USB, then it is not a fact that your computer has RS-232 (aka COM port), but if you wish, you can buy an RS-232-to-USB adapter. You will also need a so-called null modem cable. If there is no RS-232 on the receiver, but only UBS, then this is not so scary, because any (well, almost) Personal Computer older than 1996 has at least one USB port.
5) As a consequence of the previous paragraph, it is very desirable for the receiver to easily find the firmware, for example program code from the manufacturer, and the list of channels is on a specialized website, or both in a second place. There are many options for popular models, but for exotic ones you will have to search. But you have to be careful, it’s not so difficult to screw up the receiver.
6) If it is not possible to flash the receiver, then it must support adding satellites and channels, entering keys, manual mode from the remote control. This is a tedious task and requires care, but there is less chance of completely damaging the equipment. Although... in capable hands... ;)
7) If you want to watch paid channels now or in the future, the receiver must support special security cards with keys. This means a special connector and firmware support.