Development and modeling in the Electronics Workbench program. From model to physical database in MySQL WorkBench How to create a table in workbench

Attention, since WorkBench has been updated, I wrote, which consists of the theory and practice of building a database from WorkBench.

In chapter “Foreign Key Options” configure the behavior of the foreign key when the corresponding field changes (ON UPDATE) and removal (ON DELETE) parent record:

  • RESTRICT– throw an error when changing/deleting a parent record
  • CASCADE– update foreign key when parent record changes, delete child record when parent is deleted
  • SET NULL– set the foreign key value NULL when changing/deleting parent (not acceptable for fields that have the flag set NOT NULL!)
  • NO ACTION– do nothing, but in fact the effect is similar to RESTRICT

Saving from model to real/physical database

“File → Export→ Forward Engineer MySQL Create Script...”

We tick the necessary boxes, I only needed one Generate INSERT Statements for Tables. If you need to save the script to a file, write the directory in the field above.

In the next window you can configure which objects we will export. If you look closely, we have created only 2 tables.

Executing the script - creating a database and tables

Click on “house” in the upper left corner of the program...

Then double-click on MyConnection….

This tab opens before us...

This is our connection to the server, this is where we will execute our script. Please note on the left are the databases that were created in the WorkBench program….

Now, you need to give the command to execute this script, to do this, click on top menu, Query Execute (All or Selection)

So, if everything is fine, then in the lower output window you will see all the “green checkmarks”. And when you click Refresh in the context menu in the list of databases, you will see the newly created database mydatabase1.

Finally, let's build an ER diagram. ER stands for Entity Relation - a successful “Entity-Relationship” model, which, in particular, was developed by Peter Chen. So, go back to the model tab and click on Add Diagramm...

We have created a one-to-many relationship. Several students can study at one faculty. Please note that the relationship near the Students table is split - this means “to many”.

So, we created a model, from which, through script execution, a real database with tables. And also created an ER diagram.

MySQL Workbench is a software product created for database design. There is a catalog of tools for operating and modeling the database. The product is characterized by high performance.

The use of the software is recommended during a complex transition. The tables display saved processes and foreign keys. An integrated shell is supported that allows you to write scripts. First of all, the program is a design tool for visual graphic presentation. There is an editor that allows you to adjust requests and then send them through the server. Accepted answers are presented in the form of tables. When the view is rendered, the user still has the ability to make edits.

Download the full Russian version of MySQL Workbench for free from the official website without registration and SMS.

System requirements

  • Supported OS: Windows 10, Vista, 8.1, XP, 7, 8
  • Bit depth: 64 bit, 32 bit, x86

Whatever the database developer is: a beginner (especially) or a bearded professional, it is always easier and more visual for him to present what he is working on and developing. Personally, I consider myself to be in the first category and to understand the material I would like to see visually what I am designing/developing.

Today there are various programs and tools that cope with a similar task: some are better, some are worse. But today I would like to talk a little about MySQL WorkBench - a tool for visual database design that integrates database design, modeling, creation and operation into a single seamless environment for the database system MySQL data, which is the successor to DBDesigner 4 from FabForce.(c) Wikipedia. MySQL WorkBench is distributed in two flavors: OSS - Community Edition(distributed under LGPL license) and S.E. - Standard Edition- the version for which the developers ask for money. But I think that for many it will be enough O.S.S. version (especially for beginners and those who do not want or consider it inappropriate to pay for software, as well as supporters of open source programs), Moreover, the OSS version has rich functionality.

So, as the name suggests, this tool designed to work with MySQL databases, and supports a large number various types MySQL models (see screenshot below) and will become an indispensable tool for better understanding and learning relational databases (in particular MySQL) for beginners:

Thus, any MySQL developer will find what he needs. Besides MySQL WorkBench allows you to connect an existing database, execute SQL queries and SQL scripts, edit and manage database objects. But for those who are just starting to master relational databases, the most interesting, in my opinion, is the ability to create EER models Database. In other words, this is a visual representation of all the relationships between the tables of your database, which, if necessary, can easily be presented in the form of an SQL script, edited or created a new view. But more on that a little later. First, let's see what the main eye looks like MySQL WorkBench(5.2.33 rev 7508):
In order to create an EER model of your database, select " Create New EER Model" As a result, we will have a tab in which we can add/create charts, tables, views, procedures; set various access rights for users; create a model using SQL scripts. This tab looks like this:
We will not consider the process of creating tables and databases, because everything is simple here. I will give only the final version of the finished model (see the screenshots below). Moreover, if you hover the cursor over the communication line ( dotted line) tables, the “relationship”, primary key, and foreign key will be highlighted in a different color. If you hover the cursor over a table, the table itself will be highlighted, as well as all the relationships belonging to the selected table.

In order to edit a table, just right-click on the table we need and select " Edit Table... ". As a result, an additional table editing area will appear at the bottom of the window, in which you can change the table name, columns, foreign keys and much more. In order to export a table to a SQL script, just right-click on the table we need and choose " Copy SQL to Clipboard", and then paste from the clipboard into the desired location/program/file.

And now directly about installation MySQL WorkBench. Naturally, first you need to download MySQL WorkBench. To do this, go to the MySQL WorkBench download page, at the bottom of the page in the drop-down list, select the one we need operating system. As a result, we will be offered several download options:

  • for OS Windows you can download the MSI installer, zip archive programs, as well as an archive with source code. For this OS MySQL WorkBench can only be downloaded for the 32-bit version of Windows;
  • for users Ubuntu the choice is a little richer than for Windows OS users - we are offered to download MySQL WorkBench for Ubuntu versions 10.04, 10.10 (at the time of writing) and 32- or 64-bit versions of deb packages;
  • For rpm-based distributions, and in this case these are Fedora, Suse Linux and RedHat/Oracle Linux, MySQL WorkBench assemblies for 32- and 64-bit OS are presented;
  • Macintosh users have not forgotten either - for them there is an assembly only for the 32-bit OS;
  • Well, of course, you can download the source code of the program;

So, select the required download option and click DownLoad. Then we will be kindly asked to introduce ourselves: for registered users - enter your login and password, for newcomers - register. If you do not want to introduce yourself, then select the option just below " "No thanks, just take me to the downloads!" and select the nearest mirror for downloading. In addition, before installation, make sure that you have installed MySQL Client,.otherwise MySQL WorkBench will refuse to install.

What Linux users need to remember and know:

Naturally, as in the case of Windows OS, we do not forget about MySQL Client. For Ubuntu users- you need to download the version of the program in accordance with the version of your Ubuntu. During installation, carefully look at the error messages, if any, which will probably tell you which packages are missing in your OS. Read about this below.

Unfortunately, I don’t know how things are with rmp-base distributions, because... I’ve never used such distributions, but I think it’s about the same as with debian-based ones.

You may have noticed that the assembly is missing MySQL WorkBench for OS Debian GNU/Linux. But, as practice has shown, it’s okay. For installation MySQL WorkBench in Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) we will use deb- package for Ubuntu 10.04(don’t forget about the bit depth of your OS: x86 or x64). Let me remind you that in order to install the downloaded deb package you can use the utility gdebi or enter the command in the console as root:

# dpkg -i mysql-workbench-gpl-5.2.33b-1ubu1004-amd64.deb For example, during my MySQL installations WorkBench encountered the following error:
dpkg: package dependencies prevent the mysql-workbench-gpl package from being configured:
mysql-workbench-gpl depends on libcairomm-1.0-1 (>= 1.6.4), however:
The libcairomm-1.0-1 package is not installed.
mysql-workbench-gpl depends on libctemplate0, however:
The libctemplate0 package is not installed.
mysql-workbench-gpl depends on libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a (>= 1:2.20.0), however:
The libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a package is not installed.
mysql-workbench-gpl depends on libpangomm-1.4-1 (>= 2.26.0), however:
The libpangomm-1.4-1 package is not installed.
mysql-workbench-gpl depends on libzip1 (>= 0.9), however:
The libzip1 package is not installed.
mysql-workbench-gpl depends on python-paramiko, however:
The python-paramiko package is not installed.
mysql-workbench-gpl depends on python-pysqlite2, however:
The python-pysqlite2 package is not installed.
dpkg: failed to process option mysql-workbench-gpl (--install):
dependency problems - leave unconfigured
Errors occurred while processing the following packages:
mysql-workbench-gpl

To resolve this error, all I had to do was type the command in the console to install some packages:

# aptitude install libzip1 libcairomm-1.0-dev libctemplate0 libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a

To install the above packages, you will also need additional packages who are the manager apt will kindly offer to download. After installing all the necessary packages, MySQL WorkBench installs without problems.

That's it: MySQL WorkBench is safely installed and ready to learn.

upd:
If I'm not mistaken, then starting from Ubuntu 12.04 MySQL WorkBench can be found in the distribution repositories. Consequently, the installation process is much easier and without any crutches.
To install MySQL WorkBench, just enter the command in the terminal:
sudo aptitude install mysql-workbench

The development of any radio-electronic device is accompanied by physical or mathematical modeling. Physical modeling is associated with large material costs, since it requires the production of models and their labor-intensive research. Often physical modeling is simply not possible due to the extreme complexity of the device, for example in the design of large and ultra-large integrated circuits. In this case, they resort to mathematical modeling using computer tools and methods.

For example, the well-known P-CAD package contains a block of logical modeling of digital devices, but for beginners, including students, it presents significant difficulties in mastering. No less difficulties are encountered when using the DesignLab system. As the analysis of the state showed software circuit modeling, at the stage of initial development of computer-aided design methods and at the stages of carrying out search and research work, it is advisable to consider the possibility of using the following programs such as Electronics Workbench - EWB.
Electronics Workbench circuit simulation system is designed for simulation and analysis electrical diagrams Fig.1. It’s correct to say: Electronics Workbench system for modeling and analysis of electrical circuits, but for brevity, hereinafter we will call it a program.
Electronics Workbench allows you to simulate highly complex analog, digital, and digital-to-analog circuits. Libraries available in the program include big set widely used electronic components. It is possible to connect and create new component libraries.

Component parameters can be changed over a wide range of values. Simple Components are described by a set of parameters, the values ​​of which can be changed directly from the keyboard, active elements - by a model, which is a set of parameters and describes a specific element or its ideal representation.
The model is selected from a list of component libraries, and model parameters can also be changed by the user. A wide range of instruments allows you to measure various quantities, set input influences, and build graphs. All devices are depicted in a form as close as possible to the real one, so working with them is simple and convenient.
Simulation results can be printed or imported into a text or graphics editor for further processing. The Electronics Workbench program is compatible with the P-SPICE program, that is, it provides the ability to export and import circuits and measurement results into its various versions.

Main advantages of the program
Saving time Working in a real laboratory requires a lot of time spent preparing an experiment. Now, with the introduction of Electronics Workbench, an electronics lab is always at your fingertips, making learning about electrical circuits more accessible. Reliability of measurements
In nature, there are no two completely identical elements, that is, all real elements have a large spread of values, which leads to errors during the experiment. In Electronics Workbench, all elements are described by strictly established parameters, so each time during the experiment the result will be repeated, determined only by the parameters of the elements and the calculation algorithm.
Convenience of making measurements Studying is impossible without mistakes, and mistakes in a real laboratory are sometimes very costly for the experimenter. When working with Electronics Workbench, the experimenter is protected from accidental electric shock, and the devices will not fail due to an incorrectly assembled circuit. Thanks to this program, the user has at his disposal such a wide range of instruments that are unlikely to be available in real life.
Thus, you always have a unique opportunity to plan and conduct a wide range of studies electronic circuits at minimum costs time. Graphics capabilities Complex circuits They take up quite a lot of space, while they try to make the image denser, which often leads to errors in connecting conductors to circuit elements. Electronics Workbench allows you to place the circuit in such a way that all the connections of the elements and at the same time the entire circuit are clearly visible.

The intuitiveness and simplicity of the interface make the program accessible to anyone who is familiar with the basics using Windows. P-SPICE Compatible Electronics Workbench is based on standard SPICE software. This allows you to export various models elements and process the results using additional features different versions R-SPICE programs.

Components and Experiments
The program component libraries include passive elements, transistors, controlled sources, controlled switches, hybrid elements, indicators, logic gates, trigger devices, digital and analog elements, special combinational and sequential circuits.
Active elements can be represented by models of both ideal and real elements. It is also possible to create your own element models and add them to element libraries. The program uses a large set of instruments for carrying out measurements: ammeter, voltmeter, oscilloscope, multimeter, Bode plotter (plotter of frequency characteristics of circuits), function generator, word generator, logic analyzer and logic converter.
Circuit Analysis Electronics Workbench can analyze DC and AC circuits. In DC analysis, the operating point of the circuit in steady state is determined. The results of this analysis are not reflected on the devices; they are used for further analysis of the circuit. AC analysis uses the results of DC analysis to obtain linearized models of nonlinear components.
Analysis of circuits in AC mode can be carried out in both the time and frequency domains. The program also allows you to analyze digital-analog and digital circuits. In Electronics Workbench, you can examine transients when circuits are exposed to various input waveforms.

Operations performed during analysis:
Electronics Workbench allows you to build circuits of varying degrees of complexity using the following operations:
. selection of elements and devices from libraries,
. moving elements and diagrams to any place in the working field,
. rotation of elements and groups of elements at angles that are multiples of 90 degrees,
. copying, pasting or deleting elements, groups of elements, fragments of circuits and entire circuits,
. change in conductor color,
. highlighting the contours of diagrams with color for more convenient perception,
. simultaneous connection of several measuring instruments and observation of their readings on monitor screen,
. assigning a symbol to an element,
. changing the parameters of elements in a wide range. All operations are performed using a mouse and keyboard. Control from the keyboard alone is not possible.

By setting up devices you can:
. change instrument scales depending on the measurement range,
. set the operating mode of the device,
. set the view input influences to the circuit (constant and harmonic currents and voltages, triangular and rectangular pulses).
The graphical capabilities of the program allow you to:
. simultaneously observe several curves on the graph,
. display curves on graphs in different colors,
. measure the coordinates of points on a graph,
. import data into a graphic editor, which allows you to make the necessary transformations of the picture and output it to a printer.
Electronics Workbench allows you to use the results obtained in the P-SPICE, PSV programs, as well as transfer results from Electronics Workbench to these programs. You can insert a diagram or its fragment into text editor and print in it explanations or comments on the operation of the circuit.

Working with Electronics Workbench
The Electronics Workbench program is designed for modeling and analyzing electronic circuits. Possibilities Electronics programs Workbench v.5 is approximately equivalent to the capabilities of the MicroCap program and allows you to perform work from simple experiments to statistical modeling experiments.
When creating a circuit, Electronics Workbench allows you to:
- select elements and devices from libraries,

Move elements and diagrams to any place in the workspace,

Rotate elements and their groups by angles that are multiples of 90 degrees,

Copy, paste or delete elements, diagram fragments,

Change the colors of conductors,

Highlight the outline color of the circuits,

Connect several measuring instruments at the same time and observe their readings on the monitor screen,
- assign symbols to elements,

Change element parameters.

By changing device settings you can:
-change instrument scales depending on the measurement range,

Set the operating mode of the device,

Set the type of input influences on the circuit (constant or harmonic currents or voltages, triangular or rectangular pulses).

Insert a diagram or a fragment of it into a text editor in which an explanation of the operation of the diagram is printed.

Electronics Workbench components
After launching WEWB32, the menu bar and component bar appear on the screen.
The component panel consists of icons of component fields, and the component field consists of conventional images of components.
By clicking on the component icon, the field corresponding to this icon opens.
Below are some elements from the component fields:

Basic (basic components)

Connecting node

The node is used to connect conductors and create control points.

Resistor

The resistor resistance can be specified as a number in Ohm, kOhm, MOhm

Capacitor

The capacitance of the capacitor is specified by a number indicating the dimension (pF, nF, μF, mF, F).

Key

Key controlled by key. Such keys can be closed or unlocked using controlled keys on the keyboard. (The name of the control key can be entered from the keyboard in the dialog box that appears after double-clicking on the key image.)

Sources

Earth

The "Ground" component has zero voltage and serves as a reference point for potentials.

Source DC voltage 12V

The EMF of a constant voltage source is indicated by a number indicating the dimension (from μV to kV)

Source direct current 1A

The current of the DC source is specified by a number indicating the dimension (from μA to kA)

AC voltage source 220 V / 50 Hz

The effective value (root-mean-sguare-RMS) of the source voltage is specified by a number indicating the dimension (from µV to kV). It is possible to set the frequency and initial phase.

Source alternating current 1 A/1 Hz

The effective value of the source current is specified by a number indicating the dimension (from μA to kA). It is possible to set the frequency and initial phase.

Clock generator 1000 Hz / 50%

The generator produces a periodic sequence of rectangular pulses. You can adjust the pulse amplitude, duty cycle and pulse repetition rate.

Indicators (Device from the indicator library)

The simplest instruments are a voltmeter and an ammeter. They automatically change the measuring range. Several such devices can be used simultaneously in one circuit.

Voltmeter

A voltmeter is used to measure AC or DC voltage. The side of the rectangle highlighted with a thick line corresponds to the negative terminal.
Double-clicking on the voltmeter image opens a dialog box for changing the voltmeter parameters:
-values internal resistance(default 1MOhm),
-type of measured voltage (DC-constant, AC-variable).
When measuring alternating sinusoidal voltage (AC), the voltmeter shows effective value

Ammeter

An ammeter is used to measure AC or DC current. The side of the rectangle highlighted with a thick line corresponds to the negative terminal.
Double-clicking on the ammeter image opens a dialog box for changing the ammeter parameters
Internal resistance values ​​(default 1mOhm),
Type of measured voltage (DC-constant, AC-variable).
When measuring alternating sinusoidal voltage (AC), the ammeter shows the effective value

Instruments

1.Function generator

The generator is an ideal voltage source that produces sinusoidal, triangular, or rectangular signals. The middle terminal of the generator, when connected to the circuit, provides a common point for measuring the amplitude of the alternating voltage. To measure the voltage relative to zero, this pin is grounded. The leftmost and rightmost pins are used to supply a signal to the circuit. The voltage at the right terminal changes in a positive direction relative to the common terminal, and at the left terminal - in a negative direction.
When you double-click on the generator image, an enlarged image of the generator opens on which you can set:
- the shape of the output signal,
- output voltage frequency (Frequency),
-duty cycle,
- output voltage amplitude (Amplitude),
- constant component of the output voltage (Offset).

2. Oscilloscope

There are four input terminals in the oscilloscope image
-top right clamp - general,
- lower right - synchronization input,
-The left and right bottom terminals represent the Channel A and Channel B inputs, respectively.
Double-clicking on the thumbnail image of the oscilloscope opens an image of a simple oscilloscope model on which you can install
- location of the axes along which the signal is plotted,
- the required scale of scanning along the axes,
-displacement of the origin of coordinates along the axes,
-capacitive input (AC button) or potential input (DC button) of the channel,
-synchronization mode (internal or external).

The Trigger field is used to determine the moment the sweep begins on the oscilloscope screen. The buttons in the Edge line set the moment when the oscillogram is triggered by the positive or negative edge of the pulse at the synchronization input. The Level field allows you to set the level, when exceeded, the sweep is triggered.
Buttons Auto, A, B, Ext set synchronization modes
-Auto - automatic start of sweep when the circuit is turned on. When the beam reaches the end of the screen, the oscillogram is recorded from the beginning of the screen,
-A - the triggering signal is the signal arriving at input A,
-B - the triggering signal is the signal arriving at input B,
-Ext - External launch. In this case, the trigger signal is the signal applied to the clock input.

Pressing the EXPAND button on a simple oscilloscope model opens an advanced oscilloscope model. Unlike the simple model, there are three information panels on which measurement results are displayed. In addition, directly below the screen there is a scroll bar, which allows you to observe any time period from the moment the circuit is turned on to the moment it turns off.

On the oscilloscope screen there are two cursors (red and blue), designated 1 and 2, with which you can measure instantaneous voltage values ​​at any point on the oscillogram. To do this, the cursors are dragged with the mouse to the required position (the triangles at the top of the cursor are captured with the mouse).
The coordinates of the points of intersection of the first cursor with the oscillograms are displayed on the left panel, the coordinates of the second cursor on the middle panel. The right panel displays the difference values ​​between the corresponding coordinates of the first and second cursors.
The Reduce button provides a transition to a simple oscilloscope model.

3. Plotter (Bode plotter)

Used to construct amplitude-frequency (AFC) and phase-frequency<ФЧХ) характеристик схемы.
The plotter measures the ratio of signal amplitudes at two points in the circuit and the phase shift between them. For measurements, the plotter generates its own frequency spectrum, the range of which can be set when setting up the device. The frequency of any alternating current source in the circuit under study is ignored, but the circuit must include some alternating current source.
The plotter has four terminals: two input (IN) and two output (OUT). The left terminals of the IN and OUT inputs are connected to the points under study, and the right terminals of the IN and OUT inputs are grounded.
Double-clicking on the plotter image opens a larger image of it.

The MAGNITUDE button is pressed to obtain the frequency response, the PHASE button is pressed to obtain the phase response.
The VERTICAL panel sets:
-initial (I) value of the vertical axis parameter,
-final (F) value of the vertical axis parameter
-type of vertical axis scale - logarithmic (LOG) or linear (LIN).
The HORIZONTAL panel is configured in the same way.
When obtaining the frequency response, the voltage ratio is plotted along the vertical axis:
-on a linear scale from 0 to 10E9;
- on a logarithmic scale from - 200 dB to 200 dB.
When obtaining a phase response, degrees from -720 degrees to +720 degrees are plotted along the vertical axis.
The horizontal axis always displays frequency in Hz or derived units.
The cursor is located at the beginning of the horizontal scale. The coordinates of the point where the cursor moves with the graph are displayed in the information fields at the bottom right.

Circuit Simulation
The circuit under study is assembled on the working field using a mouse and keyboard.
When building and editing diagrams, the following operations are performed:
-selecting a component from the component library;
-selecting an object;
-moving an object;
-copying objects;
-deleting objects;
- connection of circuit components with conductors;
-setting component values;
-connection of measuring instruments.
After constructing the circuit and connecting the devices, the analysis of the circuit operation begins after pressing the switch in the upper right corner of the program window (at the same time, circuit time instants are shown in the lower left corner of the screen).
Pressing the switch again stops the circuit.
You can pause while the circuit is running by pressing the F9 key on the keyboard; pressing F9 again resumes the operation of the circuit (a similar result can be achieved by pressing the Pause button located under the switch.)
The selection of the component required to build the circuit is made after selecting the component field containing the required element. This element is grabbed by the mouse and moved to the workspace.
Selecting an object. When selecting a component, you must click on it with the left mouse button. The component turns red. (You can remove the selection by clicking anywhere on the work field.)
Moving an object. To move an object, select it, place the mouse pointer on the object and, holding down the left mouse button, drag the object.
The object can be rotated. To do this, you must first select the object, then right-click and select the required operation
-Rotate (rotate 90 degrees),
-Flip vertical (flip vertically),
-Flip horizontal (flip horizontally)
Objects are copied using the Soru command from the Edit menu. Before copying, the object must be selected. When the command is executed, the selected object is copied to the buffer. To paste the contents of the buffer onto the work field, select the Paste command from the Edit menu
Deleting objects. Selected objects can be deleted using the Delete command.
Connecting circuit components with conductors. To connect components with conductors, you need to move the mouse pointer to the component pin (a black dot will appear on the pin). Press the left mouse button, move the mouse pointer to the pin of the component you want to connect to, and release the mouse button. The terminals of the components are connected by a conductor.
The color of the conductor can be changed by double-clicking on the conductor with the mouse and selecting the desired color from the window that appears.
Removing a conductor. If for any reason the conductor needs to be removed, you must move the mouse pointer to the output of the component (a black dot should appear). Press the left mouse button, move it to an empty area of ​​the working field and release the mouse button. The conductor will disappear.

Parameter values ​​are set in the component properties dialog box, which is opened by double-clicking on the component image (Value tab).
Each component can be assigned a name (Label Tab)
Connecting devices. To connect the device to the circuit, you need to drag the device from the toolbar onto the work field with the mouse and connect the device leads to the points being studied. Some instruments must be grounded or their readings will be incorrect.
An expanded image of the device appears when you double-click on the reduced image.
Exercise: Build the voltage divider circuit shown in the figure.
-Apply a sinusoidal voltage with a frequency of 3 kHz and an amplitude of 5 V to the input of the circuit from the function generator,
-Connect the same signal to channel A of the oscilloscope,
-Connect channel B of the oscilloscope to the divider output,
-highlight the conductors of channel A and channel B in different colors,
-Turn on the circuit, change the settings of the measuring instruments if necessary,
-Go to the advanced oscilloscope model. Using the cursor and the left information panel, measure the amplitude value of the output signal.
-Additionally connect voltmeters to the input and output and turn on the circuit again.
Obtain correct voltmeter readings.

Word generator
A small image of the word generator is displayed on the diagram

The 16 outputs at the bottom of the generator supply the generated word bits in parallel.
The clock signal output (lower right) is supplied with a sequence of clock pulses at a given frequency.
The clock input is used to supply a clock pulse from an external source.
Double-click to open an expanded image of the generator

The left side of the generator contains 16-bit words specified in hexadecimal code. Each code combination is entered using the keyboard. The number of the cell being edited (from O to 03FF, i.e. from 0 to 2047) is displayed in the Edit window. While the generator is operating, the Address section displays the address of the current cell (Current), the initial cell (Initial) and the final cell (Final). Code combinations issued to 16 outputs (at the bottom of the generator) are displayed in ASCII code and binary code (Binary).
The generator can operate in step, cyclic and continuous modes.
-The Step button switches the generator to step-by-step mode;
-Burst button - to cyclic mode (all words are sent to the output of the generator one time in sequence;
-Cycle button - to continuous mode. To interrupt continuous operation, press the Cycle button again.
The Trigger panel determines the moment the generator starts (Internal - internal synchronization, External - external synchronization when data is ready.)
External synchronization mode is used when the device under test can acknowledge (confirm) the receipt of data. In this case, the device receives a signal from the Data ready terminal along with the code combination, and the device under test must produce a data receiving signal, which must be connected to the Trigger terminal of the word generator. This signal triggers the next start of the generator.
The Breakpoint button interrupts the operation of the generator in the specified cell. To do this, select the required cell with the cursor, and then press the Breakpoint button
The Pattern button opens a menu with which you can
Clear buffer - erase the contents of all cells,
Open - load code combinations from a file with the extension .dp.
Save - write all combinations typed on the screen to a file;
Up counter - fill the screen buffer with code combinations, starting with 0 in the zero cell and then adding one in each subsequent cell;
Down counter - fill the screen buffer with code combinations, starting with FFFF in the zero cell and then decreasing by 1 in each subsequent cell;

Shift right - fill every four cells with combinations 8000-4000-2000-1000, shifting them to the right in the next four cells;
Shift left - the same thing, but shifted to the left.

Logic analyzer
A miniature image of the logic analyzer is displayed on the diagram

The logic analyzer is connected to the circuit using pins on its left side. Signals can be observed at 16 points of the circuit simultaneously. The analyzer is equipped with two sight lines, which allows you to obtain readings of time intervals T1, T2, T2-T1, as well as a horizontal scroll bar

The Clock block has terminals for connecting a regular External and selective Qualifier source of trigger signals, the parameters of which can be set using the menu called up by the Set button.
Triggering can be done on the rising (Positive) or falling edge (Negative) of the trigger signal using an external (External) or internal (Internal) source. In the Clock qualifier window, you can set the value of the logical signal (0.1 or x) at which the analyzer starts.
External synchronization can be carried out by a combination of logic levels supplied to the inputs of the analyzer channels.