Personality is a prerequisite and product of the existence of society and the state. Personality can be formed only in the presence of physiological inclinations and under the influence of information that is distributed in society. In conditions of total informatization of society, the information impact on the individual is acquiring global proportions.

To the development of modern cybernetic systems, understanding the information space was reduced to the atmosphere, stratosphere, space, water areas of the oceans and seas. Now it also includes cybernetic and virtual systems. When considering the influence of the information space on the individual, it should be taken into account that it extends to society and the state and, through them, indirectly to each individual. This influence can be constructive (safe) or destructive (dangerous).

One of the main tasks of the modern state is to ensure the information security of the individual, which is characterized by the protection of his psyche and consciousness from dangerous information influences: manipulation, misinformation, motivation to commit suicide, image, and the like.

Information and psychological security of the individual (in the narrow sense) is the state of protection of the human psyche from negative influence, which is carried out by introducing destructive information into the consciousness and (or) subconscious of a person, leads to an inadequate perception of reality.

Information and psychological security of the individual (in in a broad sense) is:

o firstly, the appropriate level of theoretical and practical training of the individual, which ensures security and realization of his vital interests and harmonious development, regardless of the presence of information threats;

o secondly, the ability of the state to create conditions for harmonious development and satisfaction of the individual’s information needs, regardless of the presence of information threats;

o thirdly, provision, development and use of the information environment in the interests of the individual;

o fourthly, protection from various types of information threats.

Information and psychological security of the individual and society is an integral part of the information security of the state and occupies a special place in state policy in ensuring it. This feature is determined by the specifics of threats and their sources, the special nature of the principles and objectives of state policy in this area.

The object of information and psychological protection of the individual is the state of his spiritual, mental and physical comfort. The object of protection is also the conditions and factors that ensure the development of all spheres of life of the individual and society, in particular culture, science, art, religious and interethnic relations. Objects also include: the linguistic environment, social, ideological, political guidelines, public and social connections, psychophysical factors manifested in the form of physical, chemical and other impacts of natural, anthropogenic and technogenic origin, the gene pool of the peoples inhabiting the state, and the like.

The most important objects of information and psychological protection in modern conditions is individual And mass consciousness. For an individual, the main system-forming qualities are integrity (tendency to stability) and development (tendency to change). When these qualities are destroyed or distorted, the personality ceases to exist as a social subject. This means that any informational and psychological impact on a person must be assessed from the standpoint of preserving or destroying it as a whole.

Mass (social) consciousness is formed primarily in the process of historical development of a nation, nationality, large social group and then as a result of information and psychological influence. However, information and psychological influence can significantly change mass consciousness and behavior of large social groups.

A large social group is a social community that is not quantitatively limited, which has stable values, norms of behavior and social-regulatory mechanisms (parties, ethnic groups, industrial, industrial and public organizations). Social and psychological regulators of the life activity of large groups: group consciousness, mentality, customs, traditions, etc. A large group is characterized by a certain mental make-up and has a group psychology.

In each large group, a group consciousness is formed (ethnic, national, religious), which is a system of shared ideals, value orientations, and emotional advantages. Group consciousness can be class, national, religious, etc. Certain stereotypical elements of consciousness pass into the sphere of group subconsciousness (“class instinct,” national hostility). These group factors significantly influence the formation of the corresponding type of personality - typical representatives of a class, party, nation, etc. These individuals become carriers of group principles and stereotypes, patterns of behavior, and are taken into account and used in the implementation of information and psychological influence.

Information danger is created by information threats spreading in the information space. Information threats (in the narrow sense) are a set of conditions and factors that create a danger to the vital interests of the individual, society, and state in the information sphere.

The monograph “Information Security of the State in the Context of Countering Information Wars” provides a broader definition of information threats. Information threats (in a broad sense):

o information impact (internal or external), which creates a potential or actual (real) danger of changing the direction or pace of progressive development of the state, society, individuals;

o the danger of causing harm to the vital interests of the individual, society, and state through information influence on consciousness, information resources and the infosphere of machine-technical systems;

o a set of factors that impede the development and use of the information environment in the interests of the individual, society and the state.

A unique feature of the information threat is that it acts as an independent threat and at the same time is the implementation basis for other types of threats at the information level, and often their root cause.

The information threat is formed in the information space. Most scientists consider the information space as a place of formation, distribution and consumption of information using various technical devices. Certainly, technical devices are the main means of disseminating information, but it also spreads through direct communication between people.

To understand the essence and content of the tasks of information-psychological protection of the individual and society from destructive influence in the conditions of modern information-psychological confrontation, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of information-psychological influence on the behavior of the individual (person), as well as on decision-making at any level of public and government structures, in any field of their activity. To do this, it is necessary to introduce the concept of the mechanism of verbal information influence, while understanding that it is based on the pattern of conscious perception of information, namely its content. This mechanism is inherently general and implements the general patterns of information processes in the social environment.

Under the influence of the content of information flows that a person perceives, the emphasis on its individual fragments, and other factors, he develops a way of thinking, his worldview, a system of values ​​and interests, which over time, enriching and developing in one direction or another, appear when analyzing current information. in the form of a kind of moral and semantic filter. In fact, a person’s actions and behavior in a given situation significantly depend on the orientation and stability of this filter. The content and quality characteristics of the filter are influenced by historical, national-ethnic characteristics, the education system, religious and philosophical movements, ideological propaganda, and other components of the information environment. Naturally, the media (periodicals, radio and television, the Internet) play a significant role in this.

Next important point in the process of verbal influence is the behavior of the individual in a specific situation, determining the position, making an adequate decision, and the like. In this case, if there is a “quality” filter, the quality of information is also of great importance, which provides for the timeliness, completeness, comprehensiveness and reliability of the available information. Providing these factors is the key to adequate human behavior. At the same time, if at least one of the information requirements is not met, the adequacy of a person’s assessment of the situation cannot be guaranteed. In addition, if the information contains well-thought-out and organized misinformation that is plausible, a person, even with a “quality” filter, can make decisions that are adequate to the content of the available information, but are not adequate to the real situation. With the help of specially distorted, selectively incomplete information and targeted misinformation, it is possible to influence not only the decisions made by a person and his behavior, but also the elements of the filter (value system, spiritual and material interests and needs, religious and philosophical views, etc. .), adjusting them in the desired direction, that is, towards the formation of him as a person (analyst, scientist, leader, politician, etc.). This is the essence of the mechanism for managing the knowledge of social objects (including humans) in order to influence their decision-making and their behavior.

Mechanisms of nonverbal information impact per person are based on the use of patterns of human perception of information through the subconscious. It is known that the subconscious (and indirectly the conscious mind) can be programmed by external, uncontrollable human information influence. For example, the finer a person’s mental organization, the more emotionally vulnerable he is. There are also unexplored phenomena of mass psychosis or hypnosis, a striking example of which are the strong-willed personalities Stalin and A. Hitler, who solved their problems, albeit with tragic consequences for millions of people.

From the point of view of identifying the essence of the mechanisms of non-verbal information influence on a person, the concept of a field self-regulation system is quite interesting. According to it, a person is a very complex information and energy system. According to this concept, the subconscious and the biofield are one and the same thing, which means that any impact on the biofield and structures affects the subconscious, on all systems of physiological and mental self-regulation. What we call immunity, within the concept under consideration, is the integrity, the qualitative level of the biofield shell. Today, experimental practitioners are interested in the depth of penetration into the subconscious and the processes of self-regulation, and for greater impact, special equipment is used. In this context, bioenergy has been turned into a science of practical influence on a person at a subconscious level. One may not agree with certain theses of this concept, but to a certain extent it explains the essence of the mechanisms of nonverbal influence on a person.

Today, there are no sufficient guarantees for protecting the individual from threats associated with violations of the information and information-psychological security of the individual - unconscious information-psychological influence, namely: artificial inoculation of the dependence syndrome; development, creation and use of special tools; manipulation of public consciousness using special means of influence; destructive influence on the human psyche of natural complexes, anthropogenic zones, generators of physical fields and radiation.

Today, unfortunately, no unified system knowledge that would allow us to reveal the possibilities of bioenergy without harming human health. The opportunities are so great that entry into this industry must be cautious, gradual, and begin with the development of human ethics. Meanwhile, there is a fairly large number of publications that indicate attempts to use the mechanisms of information and energy influence on a person in order to program her actions and behavior. A high social danger has arisen in the uncontrolled use of technologies, means and methods of psychophysical influence on large social groups of people through the consciousness and subconscious (psychosphere) of a person in order to form the necessary events and manipulate public opinion.

Along with traditional methods of managing society, teams and individuals (administrative-organizational, economic, socio-psychological and legal), the method of centralized influence on large sections of the population - the method of information management - is becoming increasingly important. And one of the main postulates of management theory is the position according to which evolution in the mass consciousness is much easier to achieve than to carry out revolutionary changes.

In modern conditions, there is an active development and implementation of new forms, methods and technologies of information and psychological influence on individual, group and mass consciousness. Such sources, channels and technologies for influencing consciousness, psychology and human behavior could include: the media and special means of information and propaganda; global computer networks And software rapid dissemination of information and propaganda materials in networks; means and technologies that illegally modify the information environment on the basis of which a person makes decisions; creation tools virtual reality; rumors, myths and legends; means of subliminal semantic influence; means of generating acoustic and electromagnetic fields.

Technical devices with the help of which information influence is carried out on individuals, society and the state during information warfare are called information weapons. Theorists classify this type of weapon as a wide range of activities and means of information influence on the enemy - from disinformation and propaganda to electronic warfare. Let us present some definitions used in publications about the concept of “information weapon”.

Information weapon- This:

o a complex of specific software and information tools designed to destroy the enemy’s information resource;

o means of destroying, distorting or stealing information arrays, extracting the necessary information from them after overcoming security systems, limiting or prohibiting access to them by illegal users, disrupting work technical means, disabling telecommunication networks, computer systems - all high-tech support for the life of society and the functioning of the state;

o means of overcoming security systems, means of disrupting the operation of technical equipment and computer systems;

o technical or software means to ensure unauthorized access or, conversely, restrict access to information base data; disruption of the normal operation of hardware and software, as well as failure of key elements of the infrastructure of a particular state or region.

In some sources, the essence of information weapons is defined through the development of information technologies that provide the ability for systems (individuals, social or political groups, states) with a higher level of information to manage systems with a slightly lower level of information, directing their activities in their own interests under constant information control.

The most successful, in our opinion, is the following definition: information weapon- this is a type of weapon, the main elements of which are information, information technologies (in particular technologies of information influence) and information processes used in information warfare.

The task of information weapons is, in the vivid expression of M. A. Bulgakov, “devastation in the minds,” which is more dangerous than devastation in the economy, because the loss of national and spiritual values ​​leads to the degeneration of the people and the collapse of society. The objects of information weapons are: information-technical and information-analytical systems, each of which includes a person; informational resources; systems for the formation of public consciousness and opinion based on the media and, finally, one of the main objects of information and psychological influence of foreign countries is the psyche and consciousness of youth, the future of the nation.

In modern scientific literature, the following types are distinguished: information weapons: psychotronic (“psychophysical”), means of software and mathematical influence on computer functions, information materials.

Psychotronic (“psychophysical”) weapon. Her the action is based primarily on the use of remote influence of a psi-gifted operator (psychic) ​​on another person in order to influence her behavior and physiological functions.

Psychotronic weapons, that is, the capabilities and knowledge of psychotronics, its means, methods, instruments, designs, generators are used for military, special purposes.

Literally a psychotronic weapon - used in military purposes combat potential psi phenomena - extrasensory perception (telepathy, clairvoyance, prediction) and psycho-kinesis in natural or technical use.

Means for changing consciousness (“zombification”) in a person are like a type of psychotronic weapon. The process of zombification consists of programming behavior at a subconscious level (by influencing the brain) by such means: hypnosis, suggestion, ultrasonic microwave radiation, psychosurgery, psychopharmacology, etc. So, in more detail:

1. Means for creating holographic images in the atmosphere: voice synthesizers that allow you to generate provocative messages, transmit them in the voices of the country's leaders and disseminate them through the media (after the Gulf War, Pentagon research institutions developed tools that allow, in particular, to create in the sky there are holographic images of Islamic martyrs, from heaven they will call on their fellow believers to stop resistance).

2. A class of means of programmatic and mathematical influence on the functions of computers that are capable of disrupting and paralyzing information systems and networks and others automatic systems, ensuring the functioning of government and military facilities, industry, transport, communications, energy, banks and the like.

3. Computer virus - special program, which is capable of self-propagation without the user’s knowledge and against his wishes. She infects software by transferring its object code into the code of the infected program.

4. “Logic bomb” - a software tab that is pre-installed into information systems and networks that provide management of military and civilian infrastructure. "Logic bomb" on a signal or in set time is activated by destroying or modifying information in the computer, disabling it.

5. "Trojan horse" (a type of "logic bomb") - a program that allows for hidden, unauthorized access to enemy information resources to obtain intelligence data.

At the same time, implementation tools computer virus and “logical bombs” into state, civil and military information systems and networks and controlling them at a distance (against ASK, early warning systems, missile defense, air defense) are divided into:

o neutralizers of test programs that ensure that accidental and intentional “flaws” in the software do not occur;

o means of suppressing information exchange in telecommunication networks, falsifying information in government and military control channels;

o means of introducing “true” information “necessary” for the other party.

There are already viruses (“virus 666”) that have a detrimental effect on the psychophysiological state of the operator - the computer user.

A significant class of means of Information influence on sociotechnical and technical systems consists of: means based on energy radiation (electronic warfare means), electromagnetic weapons (for the manufacture of electronic-mathematical weapons with a power of 5-7 MW with a range of 8 kilometers, 3 weeks and 500 dollars are needed) .

Acoustic weapons cause unreasonable fear, headaches, and unpredictable actions. It is planned to be in service for 10-15 years.

Information materials- a set of sources and systems containing information intended for transmission. According to the form of presentation, they are divided into:

o text information materials: documents, books, magazines, newspapers, reference books, catalogues, manuscripts;

o graphic or pictorial: graphs, drawings, plans, diagrams, maps;

o audiovisual: sound and video recording, film, slide, photograph.

The dissemination of information materials is carried out by special units of the intelligence services and (or) based on their materials - by the media.

“Information weapons” pose the greatest danger because their use is impersonal and is easily disguised as protective measures. And in the case of creating software products in large volume, it is not difficult to create zones with several commands, which during operation software system will form into a defect of any type. In addition, such weapons even allow offensive actions to be carried out anonymously, without declaring war.

It is unlikely to ban the development and use of information weapons, as has been done with regard to chemical and bacteriological weapons. It is also impossible to limit the efforts of many countries in creating a single global information space.

The emergence of information weapons has changed views on methods of warfare and the possible nature of future wars. The effect of using such weapons is compared with the effect of using weapons of mass destruction, and the cost is significantly lower; It corresponds more fully than traditional weapons to the growing trends in states achieving their political goals without the direct use of numerous armies and the direct destruction of enemy personnel.

Today, as a result of awareness of the capabilities of information weapons, the term "Strategic Information Warfare" - "strategic information warfare".

Information warfare, according to American experts from the Rand Corporation, is “the use by states of the global information space and infrastructure to conduct strategic military operations and reduce the impact on their own information resource.”

Its distinctive feature is its classification into the first and second generation.

The tasks of information warfare of the first generation are:

o fire suppression (in wartime) of elements of the infrastructure of state and military administration;

o conducting electronic warfare;

o obtaining intelligence information through interception and decoding of information flows transmitted through communication channels, as well as side emissions;

o establishment of unauthorized access to information resources with their subsequent distortion or theft;

o formation and mass distribution information channels enemy or global networks disinformation to influence the assessments and intentions of decision makers;

o obtaining information through interception of open sources of information.

Information warfare of the second generation provides for a slightly different approach. We looked at it in section 1.2 (see The Information Warfare Problem).

It should be noted that since the late 1990s pp. The main trend in the development of understanding of the role and place of information warfare among Rand Corporation specialists is the awareness of the fact that strategic information warfare is an independent, fundamentally new type of strategic confrontation, capable of resolving conflicts without the use of armed force.

It is important that by presidential directive PDD-68 of January 1999, the White House created a new structure, the International Public Information Group (IPI), whose tasks include the professional use of intelligence information in order to influence “the emotions, motives, behavior of foreign governments, organizations and individual citizens."

Thus, American specialists They consider it quite possible to achieve in the near future a significant advantage in the information war, which, in their opinion, will make it possible to successfully resolve conflict situations in their favor without armed intervention.

Sources of threats to the information space are contradictions of certain interests, value systems, goals between the individual and society, the state, or the presence of one of the parties in relation to the other of claims, claims or other incentives for conflict. The most dangerous source of threats to these interests is considered to be a significant expansion of the possibilities of manipulating a person’s consciousness through the creation of an individual virtual information space around it, as well as the possibility of using technologies to influence his mental activity.

The latest information technologies, modern information and psychological forms and methods of influencing the individual and society are increasingly being used not only during preparation and during combat operations (operations), but are also becoming an integral part of everyday life. Kara-Murza S.G. in the book “Manipulation of Consciousness” indicates that the use of modern technologies and means of manipulating public opinion occurs today every day when using the media, in the advertising field, in the activities of various types of psychics, magicians, sorcerers and the like. It is especially activated at turning points in the development of the state, which, for example, is election campaigns.

The cult of cruelty, violence, and pornography, which is now propagated in the media, especially on television and on computer networks, leads to an unconscious desire of a significant part of the population, especially teenagers and youth of post-Soviet countries, to imitate it, and contributes to the consolidation of such stereotypes of behavior in their own habits and lifestyle, reduces the level of maximum restrictions and legal prohibitions, contributes to the emergence of negative norms of behavior in society, at the same time opens the way to the loss of moral values ​​and to crime.

One of the characteristic trends that has developed in modern conditions, not only in Ukraine, but also in the world, is the rapid development of forms, methods, technologies and methods of influencing consciousness (subconsciousness), psychology and the mental state of a person in comparison with organizing counteraction to negative, destructive psychological influences, information and psychological protection of the individual and society as a whole.

We are talking about possible deformations in the system of mass information and the spread of disinformation, which lead to potential violations of social stability, about damage to the health and life of citizens as a result of propaganda or agitation that incites social, racial, national or religious hatred and enmity, about the activities of totalitarian sects, promoting violence and cruelty. These influences, conscious or unconscious, as life shows, can and do lead to serious disorders of mental and physical health, deviations from behavioral norms, and an increase in risky social and personal situations.

When information and psychological influence is considered as a threat, it is natural that we are talking about the negative consequences of its implementation, which can manifest themselves in two aspects: 1) the attitude of the individual to the state; 2) destruction of the integrity of the personality itself.

In modern conditions of increasing information and psychological influence on an individual (personality) as a subject of political life, a bearer of a certain worldview, has a pronounced sense of justice and mentality, spiritual ideals and value systems for the formation of self-confidence - one of the main political tasks of the authorities. Citizen behavior that is inadequate to public (taking into account the authorities) interests can be perceived as an acute form of political extremism, which threatens the very existence of the political system, or as a form of political indifference, no less destroying the foundations of public life.

At the same time, a person who has consciousness is subjected to various kinds of manipulation influences, informational in nature, the results of which can directly threaten his physical or mental health. It is precisely such influences that often for many years shape the moral and psychological atmosphere in certain strata of society, fuel the criminal environment and contribute to the growth of mental illnesses in society. Sectarian preaching, dissemination of mystical and esoteric knowledge and practices, magic, shamanism, etc. may be an example of such actions leading to social and personal disadaptation, and in some cases to the destruction of the human psyche.

A serious danger to the psyche of an individual is caused by the spread via the Internet, primarily of pornography, obscene information that offends public morality and violates established moral standards in society. Servers with such information are often visited by children and teenagers. Although it is believed that with the help of the Internet greater confidentiality and anonymity are guaranteed than when visiting cinemas or stores with open or underground pornographic literature and videos.

The dangerous influence of the information space on individual consciousness can lead to two types of interrelated changes:

The first is changes in the psyche, mental health of a person. Since in the case of information impact it is difficult to determine the boundaries of normality and pathology, an indicator of changes may be a loss of adequacy in reflecting the world in consciousness and individual attitude towards the world. We can talk about personality degradation if the forms of reflection of reality are simplified, reactions become coarser and a transition occurs from higher needs (for self-actualization, social recognition) to lower ones (physiological, everyday)

the second is changes in values, life positions, guidelines, and worldview of the individual. Such changes cause antisocial behavior and pose a danger to the entire society and the state.

An important feature of the information-psychological impact on individual consciousness is that it, like a threat, may not be noticed or recognized by the person himself.

A person’s behavior is controlled by his brain, his consciousness. Everything that motivates a person to activity must pass through his thinking. So, informational and psychological influence with the aim of changing a person’s behavior in the desired direction should achieve a corresponding change in his consciousness.

In determining human behavior, attitude (orientation) plays a significant role. Attitude is relatively stable knowledge, feelings and motives formed under the influence of propaganda, education and experience, which cause a certain attitude of a person towards the ideological, political and social phenomena of reality.

The attitude determines the direction of action and at the same time the way of perception and thinking. But various settings is not uniformly ordinal for determining behavior. The orientation of an individual depends on many social attitudes and correlates with certain aspects of social life. Attitudes have a certain value in terms of their meaning for the individual. In the hierarchy of attitudes, political attitudes occupy the top line. They, unlike others, are more resistant to change. Political attitudes form the common basis for all other attitudes that determine the internal stability of orientation. It follows that a person’s behavior in various conditions is mainly determined by her political orientation.

Personal attitudes have a slightly higher resistance to external influences, which is also enhanced by social connections. Attitudes become more stable the more they coincide with the norms of behavior of a social group. Identification of the individual with the group serves as a stabilizer of the attitude. But at the same time, one should take into account the fact that in a state of transition (transit) type, which is Ukraine, many moral values ​​of the old socialist system have been lost, and new moral norms and values ​​have not yet been created, and those that already exist have not become generally accepted. In this case, the information space plays a leading role in shaping the worldview of the average citizen of our state, who often perceives everything new as the highest universal values.

The driving force for changing attitudes is negative mental unrest caused by the lack of balance between the individual components of political attitudes - objects of propaganda influence, the so-called cognitive dissonance (there is a cognitive inconsistency). Dissonance is a mentally unpleasant state, which causes the objects of propaganda to strive to soften or eliminate it. The latter leads to changes in one of the components of the attitude, as a result of which the entire system of attitudes tends to return to the lost equilibrium. Thus, the stability of the preset changes or a new one arises. It would, however, be an illusion to count on the possibility of completely destroying the basic attitudes in a short period of time and replacing them with the opposite ones, since the stability of the basic political attitudes is quite high. As the French psychologist Le Bon noted, “ideas take a long time to gain a foothold in people’s minds, but they take just as long to disappear from there again.”

To change political attitudes that are firmly fixed in the consciousness of the individual, the method of gradually increasing cognitive dissonance is used, that is, information is presented in a certain order that is more and more contradictory from the point of view of the object of influence. Patience, time and argumentation increase with each piece of information; they contribute to a gradual change in the political attitudes of the objects of influence.

Behavior change, however, is not directly related to changes in basic attitudes. Attitude plays a significant role in determining behavior, but is not the only component on which it depends and does not directly control behavior in a specific setting due to the lack of a direct connection between attitude and behavior. Human behavior in each specific case depends on conditions, that is, internal demands: needs, motives, attitudes. Thus, behavior is always determined by a specific situation.

Attitudes and behavior do not necessarily have to be the same; there may be large differences between them, for example, the statements of the same person in a different environment may be slightly different. Therefore, a person’s behavior in a certain environment for a short time may not coincide with the basic guidelines or even contradict them.

The starting point in the process of interaction between attitudes and behavior is not the difference between them, but their mutual conditionality: attitudes largely determine behavior, but it also happens the other way around: behavior creates a significant basis for the formation of attitudes. Attitudes arise as an abstraction of the content of experience based on actual behavior even before they again turn into new behavior. The behavior of the changed person finally influences the change in attitudes. So, if as a result of propaganda influence on the behavior of an individual changes, then certain changes will also take place in general structure attitudes, including political orientation.

The main method of propaganda influence is perversion nia- purposeful and consciously organized influence on a specific mass audience, appeals to the rational sphere of the individual’s consciousness and is carried out with the aim of forming certain attitudes, consolidating or changing previously acquired attitudes, and ultimately, changing the individual’s behavior in accordance with certain goals.

Conviction is characterized by the following features:

firstly, the focus on the rational level of consciousness of the individual. When using this method, the influence on the audience is carried out in compliance with the obligatory clear logic of presentation of the material, convincing argumentation and reliability of facts, since it influences the worldview and has a stable, stable character. Persuasion is aimed at strengthening, shaping and changing the attitudes of the audience;

secondly, the use of verbal (speech) means of influence. Persuasion is addressed to people who have a more or less stable belief system that has developed as a result of previous experience, and is aimed at creating new points of view, changing or strengthening existing ones.

In honor of the propaganda impact, the information-psychological impact is carried out mainly on the emotional sphere of consciousness based on the uncritical perception of information by the individual. That is, in contrast to the influence of propaganda, it is based on a slightly lower level of criticality and consciousness of the individual’s psyche (while his attitudes do not change). A decrease in the level of awareness is one of the conditions for the effectiveness of this influence. In the process of accepting information, only perception and memorization function; the activity of thinking “falls out” or is greatly weakened.

Information and psychological impact - such an influence on individual or public consciousness by information-psychological or other means causes a transformation of the psyche, a change in views, opinions, attitudes, value orientations, motives, and stereotypes of a person in order to influence his activities and behavior. Its ultimate goal is to achieve a certain reaction, behavior (action or inaction) of an individual that corresponds to the goals of psychological influence. Thus, during the military operation of Israeli troops in the Lebanese territory “Dinve-Eshvon” (“Pay the Bill”), residents of south-Lebanese settlements were informed of planned bombings (they were also advised to urgently evacuate) in order to cause a massive outflow of the population to the interior of the country and thus block the infrastructure, cause unrest among citizens and, ultimately, destabilize the situation in Lebanon and persuade the country’s leadership to negotiate.

The process of an individual accepting informational and psychological influence aimed at the emotional sphere of consciousness is specific. In general, it is more collapsed than, for example, the process of accepting propaganda influence: only perceptions and memorization function in it, the activity of thinking is very weakly expressed. A person perceives information or does not perceive it, perceives it in whole or in part, but practically does not take part in the formation of certain conclusions. The process of information-psychological influence on the emotional sphere of consciousness, including voluntary perception and memorization, is characterized by a very low level of awareness of the content of the influence. Comprehension of the information received occurs later, with higher cognitive activity of the individual.

A typical example of such a model is an appeal to a significant trusted source, document, reference to an authoritative author, etc., when listeners, without resorting to the complex “analysis-synthesis” mechanism, perceive any information as something taken for granted. During Operation Desert Storm, US psychological operations specialists used references to recognized Islamic authorities from Egypt, Saudi Arabia and other countries when preparing information and propaganda materials on religious topics. A selection of programs was compiled stating that the war is “unjust and has nothing to do with Islamic jihad”, and dissuading military personnel from participating in the war is a “deed pleasing to God.” This kind of informational and psychological influence was extremely effective, since Islamic theologians, known throughout the Muslim world, had great authority among Iraqi soldiers due to their high social status in Islamic countries. When perceiving the thoughts of an authoritative person, there is an “automatic” * inclusion of consciousness in the process of perception as a result of a person’s previous experience; he trusts this source, relying on its reliability and universal recognition.

The level of effectiveness of information and psychological influence depends on:

content of the material: its complexity, specificity, social significance, etc. For example, under equal conditions, the simpler the information, the more chances that the actions it induces can be performed automatically, and especially when they do not contradict the beliefs of the object. That is, the more specific the call to action, the higher the degree of automaticity of the response;

a mental state characterized by the presence of a high level of automaticity of the corresponding reaction. Fear, depression, and apathy contribute to an uncritical and unconscious perception of the impact. The degree of automaticity in a person is related to the level of awareness and criticality of information perception. If the influence is accepted subconsciously and uncritically, then the audience response may be automatic;

time interval between impacts and the corresponding reaction: with an increase in the time interval, the automaticity of the reaction decreases due to an increase in the criticality and mental activity of the object (explained by the inclusion of the content of the received information into the individual’s knowledge system and awareness of it).

The following types of psychological influence can be distinguished: psychogenic, neurolinguistic, psychoanalytic (psychocorrective), psychotropic and psychotronic.

Psychogenic influence is mental or physical the impact of some phenomena or events on the brain, human consciousness (a disturbance of higher nervous activity is observed: a feeling of fear and panic appears). This is due to the inconsistency of the functional systems of the psychophysiological organization, that is, the breaking of stereotypes under the influence of dramatically changed afferentation from various receptors. The higher the inconsistency over time and the less prepared a person is for the effects of this psychogenic factor, the more pronounced the mental disorders are. This condition can occur under the influence of holographic drawings. Many countries have achieved quite great success in this area, for example, laser graphics projects have been created from the surface of the earth and from a space platform.

Neurolinguistic influence is a type of psychological influence that involves the use of special techniques aimed at creating positive motivation, psychological correction of internal sources of behavior and worldview of a person’s personality.

Neurolinguistic influence is focused on identifying and changing a person’s beliefs when influencing his ideological and emotional-feeling states (characteristics that allow one to improve and program a person’s state and behavior in practical conditions). The main object of this type of influence on a person is his brain and the activity controlled by it, and the main means of influence are socially thought-out programs of verbal and non-verbal influence, which make it possible to change the worldview and values ​​of the individual.

Psychoanalytic (psychocorrectional) influence is the study (analysis) of a person’s subconscious and influence on it in a way that eliminates resistance at the level of consciousness (carried out in a state of hypnosis). However, modern technological advances make it possible to eliminate resistance from consciousness even in a normal state. Computer psychoanalysis and psychocorrection can do this. The first involves a mathematical analysis of the body’s reactions that occur during instant visual viewing or audio reading of various “stimuli”: words, images, phrases. In this way, it is possible to accurately determine the presence of certain information in a person’s subconscious and measure its significance for a specific person, and find hidden motivation. After analyzing the information received, if necessary, you can carry out psychocorrections (psychoregulation), which is the main operating factor? also serve keywords, images, smells (words can be transformed using a spectral speech signal).

The most convenient is the sound regulation of the psyche, in which verbal suggestions in encoded form are displayed on any medium of sound information (music, language or noise). For example, a person can listen to music that contains a hidden (not perceived on a conscious level) command that constantly affects her subconscious

Psychotronic influence(parapsychological, extrasensory) - an influence that can be carried out by transferring the energy of thinking through extrasensory perception and which covers distant interaction mediated by consciousness and perception processes between living organisms and the environment.

Television and other mass sessions of extrasensory influence show the real possibility of influencing a person. Quite often, technical means are used to enhance influence, transmission and contact with the individual. This influence on the object may be associated with suppression of the will to resist, demoralization. There are known facts of work on the creation of a brain frequency coding generator, high-frequency and low-frequency generators, means of influencing social information, etc., which are capable of causing the necessary processes in the human psyche, and therefore influencing his consciousness and behavior.

Parapsychology is a branch of science that studies psi communications, that is, it studies those distant connections of a living organism with the environment, which are called “extrasensory-motor” (since they act on everything except the senses and muscular efforts). The concept of "psi" includes extrasensory perception, that is, extrasensory perception and psychokinesis, which refers to the influence on objects and the course of mental processes without muscular effort or the use of technical means. In general, there is no fundamental difference between the subjects of research of parapsychology and psychotronics. The difference appears only when comparing the methods, means and goals of the study. Psychotronics is characterized by a desire primarily for technical and technological approaches and solutions, for the development of technical analogues of the phenomena under study, for example, psychotronic generators, and, consequently, the concentration of great efforts in applied works. The process of extrasensory influence is greatly facilitated by using a communication system: telephone communication, radio broadcast networks and the like.

Psychotropic effects- influence on the brain and behavior of an individual by introducing various drugs into his body (in particular pharmaceuticals, odors), the assimilation of which affects his higher nervous activity.

The effect of drugs on the human psyche is well known and has been studied for quite a long time. Taking into account the latest achievements not only in psychology, but also in “related” sciences (biology, neuro- and psychophysiology, cybernetics, psychopharmacology, etc.), methods of threshold influence, methods of psychological indoctrination and conversion, and means of local mental control and psychoprogramming. Twenty-five years ago, the drug "bi-zet" was invented, a powerful psychotropic drug that disrupts social ties in the target group.

Now they are beginning to use methods of influencing the human brain by odors, developed by A. Hirsch. He argues that a specific sector of the human brain processes and remembers aromatic information. According to his findings, using various odors can successfully influence human emotions. Clinical studies have also shown that some odors weaken brain activity faster than strong depressants.

The influence of the information space on the individual is carried out different ways, Among which we should highlight: misinformation, spreading rumors, intimidation, emotional suppression, initiation of aggressive emotional states, demonstration, manipulation.

The essence of disinformation is the deliberate provision by a subject of knowingly false information to an object in order to disorient him.

In order to misinform an individual, implausible information that appears to be probable is deliberately used. Disinformation is characterized by: lack of a pattern in forms and content; skillful implementation of measures to mislead a person according to a single plan, their careful coordination and maximum use of plausible Information; skillful concealment of true intentions, goals and objectives set.

A striking example of disinformation is the campaign of strategic disinformation of individuals and the world community as a whole, which was carried out by the United States in Iraq in 1990-1991. Strategic disinformation on such a scale was used for the first time since World War II and was carried out by special services of the US military departments together with allied countries with the aim of misleading not only the personnel of the Iraqi armed forces, but also the peoples of their states and the world community.

The main instrument of strategic disinformation was the media: newspapers and magazines, radio and television. At the same time, the United States managed to quite effectively use the high level of effectiveness of its propaganda, to impose its point of view on the course of events on international agencies, and then on the world community, relying mainly on the dominant position of the American media, supplying the world with up to 70% of international information.

To stir up anti-Iraq sentiment in the United States, to ensure support for the administration's course of confrontation with Iraq in November 1990, President George W. Bush stated that Iraq was capable of producing a nuclear warhead in the coming months (although, according to American experts, Iraq's technological base could do this no earlier than in 5-10 years). Iraq's capabilities to use chemical and biological weapons were significantly overestimated. It has been repeatedly emphasized that Saddam Hussein’s regime will focus its main attention on these types of weapons of mass destruction in order to drag Israel into a possible armed conflict.

Disinformation activities were carried out comprehensively in the political, economic and military fields with the active use of the media through the organization of regular “leaks” of the contents of secret documents and the dissemination of “personal opinions” of high-ranking representatives of the American administration and the US military-political leadership.

Another method of psychological influence is spreading rumors We understand rumors as a specific type of interpersonal communication that arises as a result of the formation of an information vacuum, filled spontaneously or through the efforts of enemy propaganda. The spread of rumors is one of the most effective ways dissemination of information under information-psychological influence, based on an increase in group suggestibility under influence.

Rumors can be classified according to three parameters: expressive (emotional state expressed in the sense of rumors and the corresponding types of emotional reactions), informational (the degree of reliability of the plot of rumors) and the degree of influence on the psyche of people.

According to expressive characteristics, rumors-desires, rumors-intimidation and aggressive rumors are distinguished.

Rumors-desires. The disseminated information is intended to cause disappointment regarding unfulfilled expectations and demoralization of the target. Thus, during the First World War, rumors were deliberately spread in France and Germany about the imminent end of the war, which, naturally, did not come true, which caused massive manifestations of discontent in these countries. Similar rumors and desires spread during World War II in besieged Leningrad (rumor about an imminent landing by the Allies).

Rumors-intimidation. When they are disseminated with the help of information, a state of anxiety and uncertainty is initiated in the individual. These could be rumors about a deadly superweapon owned by the enemy (the party is spreading rumors), about food shortages, contamination of the area, drinking water, etc.

Disjunctive aggressive rumors. The information being disseminated is intended to cause discord in society and disrupt social ties. Thus, G. Laswell described the rumors circulating among German peasants before the First World War about yellow cars transporting gold from France to Russia through Germany for waging war, that is, they spread so widely that on many roads it was impossible to drive through a chain stretched across the road. People were distrustful of each other, fearing benefits from the Entente.

By information characteristics stand out: absolutely unreliable, unreliable, unreliable with elements of credibility, plausible rumors.

Method of intimidation (initiating fear) consists in the formation of states of anxiety, depression or apathy, awakening fear of a real or imagined threat, as well as of the unknown.

Let's look at some types of fear in more detail. According to the degree of reality of the threat, fear of real and imaginary danger differs. It should be noted that the fear of real danger (for example, the threat of death or injury) is deeper, since it is based on certain combat or life experience. Fear of an imaginary danger can also significantly reduce the moral and psychological state of an individual.

Based on the degree of awareness of the threat, a distinction is made between fear of a conscious, uncertain danger and fear of the unknown. In the course of observing the behavior of individuals during hostilities, it was noted that the more deeply they understand the impending danger, the greater the opportunity to localize the feeling of fear and psychological preparation to eliminate the threat. The enemy's shells are terrible for the soldier. He goes to a safe place, fires, does not run out of fear, but skillfully avoids danger.

The greatest fear is felt in front of an uncertain or unknown danger (anxiety), which the person affected has not encountered before or has no idea about the danger. Fear of the unknown significantly reduces the combat capabilities of troops. Soldiers can become convinced that they are mentally infected if weapons of mass destruction are not used. Already after the initial shocks, signs may appear that resemble the real symptoms of the lesion (weakness, blindness, nausea), as well as the fear of taking “contaminated” food and water.

Thus, during the invasion of Tibet, the Chinese army effectively used the technique of “intimidation by an unknown threat.”

On October 18, 1950, the vanguard of the Chinese army reached the Chamdo fortress (garrison +3000 soldiers). The defending fighters expected an assault, but there was no assault. At night, Tibetans woke up from the explosions of firecrackers and rattles and saw missile tracks. This led to panic, supplemented by speculation and rumors. The head of the garrison left the fortress, the troops followed the general. Not a single shot was fired that night. Showing the enemy something unknown and surprising him is a convincing argument for intimidating him. “Surprise...,” according to M.I. Sechenov, “is a relative of fear. It often begins... fear.”

Another method of psychological influence is emotional suppression.

Emotional suppression - a method of psychological influence used to create asthenic states in a person: anxiety, depression, apathy. The ultimate goal of emotional suppression of a person is the paralysis of his will and inaction.

When carrying out information and psychological influence, intimidation and emotional suppression are often used in combination. Intimidation is aimed primarily at initiating a reaction of fear and panic among people in order to cause a certain behavior of the individual. Emotional suppression is aimed at causing asthenic states of anxiety, depression, apathy and, finally, inaction of the individual and his inability to adequately perceive reality.

Anxiety is an emotional state that occurs in situations with an unknown outcome and is associated with the expectation of an unfavorable development of events. Anxiety manifests itself as helplessness, self-doubt, powerlessness in the face of external factors with an exaggeration of their power and danger.

Depression is an affective emotional state characterized by a negative background. A person in a state of depression experiences severe, unbearable experiences of depression, melancholy, and despair. her trains, motives, volitional activity, self-esteem are very reduced. The feeling of time ending unbearably long also appears to be changed. The behavior of people in a state of depression is characterized by slowness, lack of initiative, and rapid fatigue, which together leads to a sudden decline in vital activity.

Apathy is an emotional state resulting from loss of perspective, emotional suppression, loss of faith in the ultimate goal, leadership, success of a campaign, etc. Apathy causes emotional passivity, indifference to the environment, and reduces physical and mental activity.

Emotional suppression is often used by troops against civilians. So, in 1982, during an operation by Israeli troops

"Peace for Galilee" on the territory of Lebanon carried out emotional suppression of residents with the help of "harassing actions": the continuous roar of engines, jet fighters, breaking the sound barrier within a short distance above the city, keeping people in constant voltage. At the same time, no direct bombing of cities was carried out.

Manipulation is a method of psychological influence used to achieve a one-sided gain through hidden inducement of someone to perform certain actions. You can also define the concept of “manipulation” as a type of use of power in which the one who owns it influences the behavior of others without revealing the nature of the expected behavior.

For manipulation, it is important to create the illusion of the object’s independence from outside influence, independence of decisions and actions. Therefore, the art of manipulation and the level of proficiency in skills and techniques are of particular importance. One of the most important features of manipulation is the mystery of the impact. An attempt at manipulation only has a chance of success when the fact of influence is not realized by the object and the final goal is not known to him. You can manipulate by playing on certain shortcomings of a person, but she should not know about it.

This method of psychological influence is a little different from those listed above. It is designed not so much for a group object, but for individual work with a specific person. The use of manipulation is not limited to wartime, periods of aggravation of interstate relations, etc.

Thus, psychological influence includes a set of methods, types and methods, the skillful use of which allows you to effectively influence the behavior of the audience. The impact on the emotional sphere of consciousness of the object is an important component informational and psychological impact.

To implement information and psychological impact on individual, group and mass consciousness, the following sources, distribution channels and technologies (means) are used:

o mass media and specialized means of information and propaganda;

o global computer networks and software for rapid distribution of propaganda information materials online;

o means that quietly modify the information environment on the basis of which a person makes decisions;

o virtual reality creation tools;

o means of subliminal psychosemantic influence;

o means of generating acoustic and electromagnetic fields. Mass media and special means of information and propaganda. Mass media

the most effective for carrying out informational and psychological influence on large masses of people. This allows us to consider them as component strategic forces of information warfare. The use of various technologies of hidden influence with the help of sound and video images on a person’s consciousness and subconscious makes it possible to assert that such means correspond to the consequences of their use.

A dangerous feature of the media, according to experts, is their ability to present information in such a way that, behind the apparent objectivity, a virtual picture of reality is formed among a large mass of people. However, as soon as a person begins to doubt the virtual picture of the world, the effectiveness of information and psychological influence suddenly drops. These doubts can be supported by counter-propaganda technologies and also implemented with the help of the media.

The effectiveness of the media as a source of information and psychological influence is due primarily to the creation of global broadcasting systems that can easily convey the signal to anywhere in the world. For many regions it may be that only this source of Information is available. It is the state's ownership of satellite radio and television broadcasting systems that may be a deterrent or, conversely, a strengthening factor in solving information wars.

The strength and effectiveness of information and psychological influence, carried out with the help of the media and especially television, are enhanced by the psychological effect of direct participation in events, when a person is immersed in them “here and now.” This peculiar effect, called the “CNN effect,” is assessed by many as the main condition for the effectiveness of information and psychological influence using the media.

Specialized means of information and propaganda include mobile radio and television centers, propaganda mobile loudspeakers, posters, and postcards. The technology for their use has been worked out and their further development is associated primarily with methods of hidden influence on the human subconscious.

Global computer networks and software for rapid distribution of propaganda information materials online. Development of information and communication technologies led to the creation of a unique means of disseminating information - the global computer network Internet. Cheap access, freedom of distribution and receipt of information makes the Internet effective tool to use information mechanisms to influence individual and mass consciousness.

Nowadays, groups of various political orientations and non-governmental organizations can use the Internet to mobilize political forces against their own and other states in crisis situations that can cause unpredictable results. The lack of regulation of legal relations when distributing information on the Internet contributes to the freedom of dissemination of slanderous and false information. All this leads to the fact that the factual basis of an event can be seriously distorted through manipulation of text and sound And video image. Such methods can allow a wide range of interested individuals and groups to implement a complex process for managing public opinion, organizing large propaganda campaigns to undermine citizens' trust in a particular course that is being pursued by the country's government.

A completely legal way of informational and psychological influence on Internet users is the dissemination of propaganda information materials using various technologies for attracting attention, organizing virtual interest groups, collecting email addresses for organizing mass mailings.

Creating various virtual interest groups on the Internet is also a legal way to promote certain ideas. A permanent virtual group formed indicates the presence of people capable of perceiving ideas that are spreading, and an increase in the number of the group shows the effectiveness of information and psychological influence. The established virtual community can become the basis for the formation of real terrorist or criminal organizations with a structure that is difficult to establish and a communication system.

Collecting email addresses on the Internet also creates the basis for targeted influence on large groups of people, since it allows you to create large databases with personal information and makes it possible to identify influence groups. In the future, if necessary, these groups can be sent propaganda materials.

Technologies for the rapid dissemination of information through computer networks are becoming increasingly important, as they make it possible to legally carry out targeted information and propaganda activities without state control on the population or individual groups of citizens.

The tools imperceptibly modify the information environment, on the basis of which a person makes a decision. Human activity relies heavily on the capabilities of information management systems. To solve practical problems, a person tries to concentrate as much information as possible in one place to make more informed decisions. With all the advantages of modern computerized systems in supporting decision-making, they have a very obvious drawback: a person makes a decision based on the information that the system provides her and the probability of which, in general, she is not able to quickly check. The decision maker relies entirely on the information that is presented to him on the monitor, so making deliberate changes to information texts and messages causes incorrect decisions. With numerous decisions made and a large flow of input data, trust in information means trust in the correct functioning information system in general, that is, to the processes of collecting, processing, storing and displaying information taking place in it. But trust is a psychological factor, therefore some reflexive management techniques aimed at forming, strengthening or destroying trust can be interpreted as informational and psychological influence.

Now, in many countries, specialized means of influencing information in information management systems are being developed. According to the results achieved, these means are equivalent to powerful technologies of information and psychological influence.

Tools for creating virtual reality. The power of networking technology is increasing too much thanks to new multimedia and virtual reality technologies. Virtual reality as an imitation of truthfulness can be considered as a psychological tool for influencing the consciousness and subconscious of a person, drawing it into new forms of existence and can significantly shape the personality. New forms of indirect social control may also arise, based on disguised manipulation of consciousness, gentle suppression of the psyche, and changes in personal ideals.

The socio-psychological consequences of the development of virtual reality technologies, as well as modern symbolic visual systems in general, in the context of personal and social security may be negative. Such technologies make it possible to carry out informational and psychological influence with maximum efficiency; they are often used to increase the visibility of information, for example, in news programs. Such technologies can be used to create any real-life situation by combining elements of real video images and elements created by computer graphics.

There is information about the development of tools for simulating the voice and video images of political and public leaders. The appearance of the country's leader in an inappropriate form, who proclaims unpopular measures, can have, as experts believe, the strongest psychological impact on the country's population. Knowledge of such technical capabilities can be considered as a factor in information warfare.

A few words about the internal aspect of information-psychological confrontation. It is no secret that there is an active struggle for power in the country among various parties and movements, often without legal or other restrictions. Every day we come across lies that are spread by some official and unofficial media. At the same time, history is deliberately distorted, the traditions of the country and the Armed Forces are destroyed. The initiators of this action understand perfectly well that a field plowed and sown with lies can only bring one “harvest” - degradation of the country, depletion of spiritual and mental potential, weakening of the will to resist and even to survive. It can be argued that the situation in the domestic media has acquired the character of a national problem.

According to Alexander Kachura, the last 2-3 years have passed under the sign of a “roll-up” on our Information and spiritual space of the most diverse cultural, religious and political symbols: “The time has come to separate the foam from clear water in this “turbulent stream”. Today, too Numerous television programs, publications, commercials carry a charge of a different spirituality, a different way of life. I am not at all sick with xenophobia, but the foundations of the Ukrainian national mentality, which were formed over hundreds and thousands of years, are under threat. The eternal values ​​of the native land, agriculture, home, tolerance and natural kindness are replaced by another ethic - a bright parrot, baseball caps and leggings, club jackets (on which you will no longer see the inscription "Dynamo Kiev"), unnatural pseudo-zahid promiscuity and rudeness in everyday behavior. In fact, we get no better whether in Western culture, but a subculture of the dregs of Western civilization, as well as purely material life guidelines, from which the West itself has already begun to move away... After seven decades, stateism has a chance to return Christian Orthodox values ​​to Ukraine. Unfortunately, it was not used - instead of a religious renaissance, we got a religious split that develops into quarrels. It is already difficult to list all the patriarchs and metropolitans who consider their church the only canonical one. People began to lose faith in Ukrainian Orthodoxy. Denominations, sects, and occult-mystical movements poured into the resulting vacuum, many of which pose a threat to mental health and even people’s lives. Not to mention well-developed technologies for influencing the spiritual world."

Information space

Around us are people, cars, natural phenomena, animals, and much more. Every thing or phenomenon has its own meaning. Every person is a source of mental and emotional energy. And there is also space, permeated by waves of various natures. It is absolutely true that this space influences us. Not empty expressions - “waves of hatred”, “shine of happiness”. We are permeated by the space of human thoughts and feelings. We can't escape this. This is our habitat. Voluntarily or unwittingly, during the day we meet thousands of glances, exchange hundreds of remarks, experience many feelings, which, in turn, are transmitted to other people. Perhaps this is partly the reason for the chronic fatigue that is characteristic of residents of large cities. Only our own internal independence and rejection of evil within ourselves can protect us. Do not remove the evil eye - it will not help if you yourself do not monitor the purity in your sphere of thoughts and feelings.

A deafening cascade of other people's views, remarks and burning passions pours on us every day, and there is no such “umbrella” that would reliably protect us from emotional oversaturation.

A more or less reliable defense can be a person’s inner strength, self-confidence and the correctness of his choice. Only such a set of personal qualities helps a person not to allow evil into himself and remain on the side of good. But this inner purity of feelings and thoughts can only be preserved by the person himself; external influences are practically powerless.

The methods for doing this are different and described. Depending on what is more convenient for a person, he either mentally “fences himself off” from the surrounding information space, but then no good will reach him.

Some experts suggest mentally creating a protective shell around yourself - a filter, something like a two-way mirror, when negative thoughts and information are reflected on the object from which they come. It is not that difficult and requires only ordinary imagination and practice. Paradoxical from the point of view of a rational person, but it has been tested many times - and it works! But it requires one condition - not to radiate aggression yourself. And this is more difficult, but also possible.

Now it has become very fashionable to “remove the evil eye,” and some go to this procedure almost as regularly as to the hairdresser. Of course, the opinion that half of us have been and are subject to the evil eye or damage is often justified. And this is a direct consequence of the fact that secret practices are now publicly available. People live in a huge communal apartment and sometimes do not hesitate to solve their life problems with the help of magic. Not everyone is aware of the consequences of such actions taken for short-term gain. And the vicious circle of evil closes, drawing in more and more victims of addiction to unsafe secrets.

If an artist appeared capable of capturing the emotional interaction of people on paper, many would be horrified. After all, many of us move through life in a tight interweaving of “bundles” of radiation from a variety of people. That is why our psyche knows no rest, trying to defend our individuality. This theory is confirmed by the enormous power that collective thought has. And this force can be both destructive and creative. A person who finds himself in a crowd is forced to adapt to those around him and gradually loses his independence.

In addition, the number of people who subtly perceive the effects of the psyche of others has increased noticeably these days. This means that qualities previously characteristic of individual representatives of the human race become the property of a wide circle of people.

Therefore, today the issue of preserving self-awareness remains very pressing. How to remain yourself and learn to resist other people's influences? There are several ways to do this, which we will discuss. The one who created this world made sure that there were diseases and medicines for them, poisons and antidotes, shadow and light that dispels it.

Walking in a crowd, people of a big city are in a complex intertwining field of radiation from a mass of very different people. Of course, not all of them are favorable, and our psyche is constantly under tension, trying to maintain its independence and individuality. That is why thought, when it possesses big amount people, has such crushing power. Some researchers believe that a thought that simultaneously possesses a large number of people has enormous power, which can be both destructive and creative. Once in such a crowd, a person, against his will, begins to think and act the same as everyone else.

In the previous chapter we already talked about the impact of the media on the conscious and subconscious.

Today, the question of how to remain yourself and not succumb to negative influences is becoming very relevant.

As we have already said, there are several ways. But they can only help us understand that feeling when we are free and decide for ourselves whether to let in extraneous thoughts or not.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book The Book of Japanese Customs by Kim E G

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Personal space surrounds every person. You can see this with the naked eye by the example of the distance to which we allow different people to approach us. We try to keep strangers away - at a distance of one and a half meters. If a stranger or little-known person crosses an imaginary line - this is an invasion, pleasant or unpleasant - this is the second question. Only “friends” can be within a radius of one and a half meters. But a loved one reduces this distance to zero - and this is a sign of trust on our part. In fact, “personal space” has several dimensions: material, spiritual or psychological, and very intimate. It is here, alone with ourselves, that we can put our thoughts in order, feel inspired, look into our souls, think through plans for the future, talk with our own conscience, heal psychological trauma, calm down and feel harmony and silence within ourselves.

Material boundaries of personal space

Each person has a need for his own things, in his own space, where he feels “at ease” and in relative safety. The wider the boundaries of material personal space, the more protected we feel from the outside world. Let's notice how we feel, for example, in someone else's kitchen. Fatigue from tension sets in very quickly. But we can stay on our own for hours. Personal space begins with your own towel, which no one but you touches, a personal fountain pen, a desk, a personal computer, your own room where you can close the door and feel independent, to be alone with yourself. Where do the material boundaries of personal space end? Most likely, where the “common” territory is located, where you intersect with those who live nearby. A person who has everything in order with his personal space will rarely encroach on someone else’s personal territory. However, there are individuals who easily invade and sometimes subjugate the personal space of another, even if this is fraught with conflict.

Psychological personal space

If everything is more or less obvious with the boundaries of material space, then psychological personal space is a subtle and complex concept. You can call it the inner world, in which there are very personal emotions, memories, affections, love, friendship, personal human values. It would seem that this ethereal region is difficult to penetrate. But in reality it turns out that doing this is easier than ever. Incorrect questions “Do you want to have a child?”, “Are you sleeping with...” and other questions of a personal nature already mean that your personal space is being invaded. It is especially painful when close people encroach on your inner peace. An alert mother finds her daughter's diary and publicly discusses the entries. Your loved one is trying to control your thoughts, daily routine, and personal correspondence. A jealous wife rummages through your mobile phone or looks for “traces of crimes” on your computer. The domestic tyrant (husband, father, brother) criticizes your appearance and prohibits wearing a dress that is too sexy, in his opinion, or using makeup. Your best friend is asking for details about your intimate life. Constant control can make a person restless and unhappy! In such cases, a person withdraws and becomes secretive. And not always because he is guilty of something. It’s just hard to live when someone is constantly looking over your shoulder into your intimate world, unceremoniously prying into your soul.

How to behave in order to maintain personal sovereignty?

Have courage and patience, explain to your loved ones tactfully and delicately that it is unpleasant for you when they enter your room without knocking, rummage through your things, use your towel or analyze the contents of your bag, computer, mobile phone, wardrobe. Try to convince loved ones who are invading your psychological space that such a path will lead to a deterioration in relationships. Draw a bleak prospect - how you will begin to lie, isolate yourself, be secretive, hide, protect yourself from contacts, as a result of which your annoying “controllers” risk losing your trust, sincere attitude and precious communication, which will become dry and formal. Act boldly and don't mince words. Try to become a “word artist” for a while! Anyone who tries to subjugate your soul automatically turns into an enemy, and enemies are not told the truth. And one of the most unpleasant punishments for a person forcibly deprived of freedom is total control and surveillance of his personal space - but isn’t the family? Don't be afraid to sound overly pathetic. The arguments must be precise and convincing, but the conversation should not be nervous. Speak calmly and reasonably. If they don’t understand you, turn on “Plan B” and block access to your personal belongings and affairs. Conflicts will be forgotten, but the result will please you, you will win a small victory and win your personal territory.

On the other hand, take a critical look at yourself. Perhaps your behavior is not impeccable, and you are giving rise to mistrust? Or maybe you yourself often behave tactlessly, carelessly in your relationships with other people, and grossly violate the boundaries of someone else’s space? When taking care of your own independence, do not forget that you are not the only one who has personal space.

Of course, we all live in society, but each of us needs some kind of inviolable territory where we can feel safe. Personal space is the main condition for the normal functioning of the human psyche. Therefore, defining and maintaining its boundaries is very important in the life of each of us.

Reasons why we need our own comfort zone

The very idea of ​​personal territory is rooted in the distant past and is associated with the animal world. Ethologist Lorenz Conrad (a scientist who studies the genetically determined behavior of animals and humans) argued that the presence of individual space is associated with aggression in flocking animals or birds. For example, starlings perch on wires at intervals. The distance between them is exactly equal to their ability to reach each other with their beaks. If the animal is not aggressive, then it does not need personal space.

It follows that the animal needs some kind of personal territory as much as it expects any aggression in its direction.

Man, to one degree or another, is also a gregarious individual, so the conclusion that was made applies to him as well. For example, when a daughter comes up to her mother and hugs her, the mother does not think about the fact that the child is violating her personal space. But this same woman feels completely different if she is hugged by an unfamiliar colleague. Why is this happening? What are the boundaries of our individual space? What factors influence their establishment? The article will discuss a person’s personal space and its types.

Borders

Personal or individual space is a zone in which a person feels safe and comfortable. The following boundaries of the comfort zone are distinguished, depending on the degree of acquaintance with people:

• From 15 to 45 centimeters is a distance that is comfortable when communicating with children, a partner, and close friends.
• From 46 centimeters to 1 meter is an acceptable distance when communicating with colleagues, neighbors, and classmates.
• From 1 meter to 3.5 meters - psychologists call this space the “social zone”, that is, a comfortable area for communicating with people in transport, at a bus stop.
• A distance of more than 3.5 meters is required to communicate with a large group.

Indicators influencing the determination of boundaries

The establishment of restrictions depends, first of all, on the personal characteristics of the person himself. Here, for example, are indicators that influence the determination of comfort zones:

• The type of character closed from the outside world needs solitude. Open and sociable people often violate the personal space of others and allow strangers to penetrate their comfort zone.
• The degree of self-confidence. Self-sufficient and self-confident people do not violate the boundaries of another person’s personal space. For example, a wife will never check her husband's phone. That is, the lower the level of self-esteem, the more a person allows himself to violate the individual zone of another person and allows this to be done in relation to himself.
• Location. People living in a metropolis have more narrowed boundaries of their own space than those who live in small towns. In addition, Southerners are believed to be less zealous about their personal comfort zone than Northerners.
• Family and culture. There are families in which the zones are practically erased. A person who grew up in such an environment, as a rule, can speak on any topic without feeling discomfort or embarrassment. If a child grew up in a family where personal comfort zones were respected, it is very difficult for him to openly talk about aspects of his personal life or discuss others.

Violation of individual space

Any invasion of your personal comfort zone leads to irritation. The reason is that a person, by defining boundaries, wants to protect himself both on a psychological and physical level.

Some people are comfortable communicating at a distance, but others are not. It is especially difficult for those people who need some distance from others. At concerts, in transport, at work, in an elevator, they experience panic, irritation, and disgust. And if you compare each violation of their personal space with a slap in the face, then it’s hard to imagine how many such slaps they receive during the day. They experience stress for quite a long time.

What can we say about a child who is constantly being approached with hugs and kisses? And then they say that he is a capricious and uncontrollable baby.

Violation of personal space always leads to psychological discomfort, which results in stress, depression, and insomnia. And it doesn’t matter whether it’s an adult or a child.

Why is it important to learn how to protect your space?

Encroaching on another person’s comfort zone or ignoring one’s personal boundaries always leads to conflicts and aggression.

Negativity can be directed both at the offender and at oneself. A person begins to blame himself for all troubles. Internal discomfort appears, which gradually destroys him as a person. In addition, he sets an unsuccessful example for his child, who in adulthood will also endure unwanted attacks, since he does not know how to defend himself against them.

People who have difficulty dealing with boundaries always have psychological problems and various types of illnesses.

What to do?

Here are some tips to help protect your personal space:

• Learn to say “no,” even to your loved ones.
• Give up the feeling of guilt forever, since it is precisely this that is an excellent means of manipulation.
• Avoid familiarity when communicating.
• Don't try to please everyone and be good to everyone.
• Treat criticism correctly.
• Don't let anyone manipulate you.
• Try not to respond to provocations.
• Always maintain physical distance when communicating.
• Avoid excessive frankness.
• Try to be fair.

Individual space is a zone of calm and safety. You should not violate the comfort limits of other people by interfering in their lives, giving advice, and then it will be easy to maintain your distance and not allow others to cross the boundaries of what is permitted.

Types of personal comfort zone

Individual space has other dimensions besides the physical. The following forms are common:

• Subject space or private property are things, objects to which only we have access. For example, a personal computer, desktop, office, bed, and so on.
• Living space is a personal place where you can retire, relax and feel safe. This doesn’t have to be your own house or apartment, it can be your own corner, your own part of the room.
• Personal information space is the right to privacy. You cannot read other people's letters, SMS, view mobile phone. Every person has the right to privacy.
• Personal emotional space is the feelings that we experience of our own free will.
• Personal time is time free from obligations and work, which you can use as you wish.

Male and female approaches to the concept of “personal space”

Men intuitively protect the boundaries of their comfort. They know how to do this both physically and verbally. Their clear restrictions make it clear how reliably the private area is protected.

Women have problems with boundary violations. This is due to the fact that the nature of the fair half of humanity is dual. On the one hand, they want to dissolve in their chosen one, and on the other hand, they allow a lot of impermissible things towards themselves.

They begin to endure, and it is in this sacrifice that the difference between men and women lies.

Each partner's comfort zone in a relationship

Partners sometimes need to be alone with themselves. When there is respect in a couple, then problems with violating the boundaries of personal space in a relationship do not arise. And if suddenly the rights of one of the partners begin to be infringed, then we need to start working on it.

You always need to start with yourself, this is the only way to make your loved one understand how important it is to take care of personal boundaries: the telephone, e-mail, social networks, meeting with friends.

In personal relationships, compromises must be found. You need to be able to talk and negotiate, and then there will be no problems with violating personal space.

Our sense of our own activity, strength and attentiveness, on which the experience of happiness largely depends, is directly related to our intentions, goals and motivation. They show mental orderliness. They focus mental energy, form priorities, thereby putting things in order in the mind. Without them, the thought process proceeds chaotically, and the emotional background very soon takes on a negative connotation.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

For me, personal information space (PIS) consists of the following elements and processes. Channels for receiving signals from outside. The mechanism, the sequence of processing these signals into information that prompts me to take action. Assessing the changes my actions bring about. Those signals that I broadcast to others based on the received meaning.

How do you know everything is okay?

The main meaning of flow activity is to find joy.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

The LIF order indicator is the state of the Flow. This is the ultimate goal of our efforts. To list the components of the Flow for the author of books about this is a thankless task. It is important for me to rewind actions from the process of comprehension to recording signals at the input.

Everything is fine when I transform any signals from the outside into information that does not disturb my mental balance. When actions based on the information received create in me a feeling of control over my own life and having prospects. When, based on the meaning obtained as a result of assessing the changes that have occurred, content is created that is useful and interesting to others.

How to put it in order?

The information we allow into consciousness is extremely important; in fact, it is she who determines the content and quality of our life.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

1. Monitor the channels of signal receipt.

— I replaced television with youtube, vimeo, TED. Television is like fast food. Sometimes you can try for the sake of curiosity, but it is better not to risk it and take care of your mental and emotional health.
Everything that is interesting and necessary can be found on the Internet and you can control what and when you watch.

— gave up radio, especially talk radio. In my opinion, they are not only useless, but no less harmful than television. There are podcasts. Choose, download and listen to what you think is right for you.

— the Internet, by and large, for many who sneer at talk show fans, is the same intellectual chewing gum. I regularly sharpen the list of resources I review. For me, it is important to control the time I spend on the Internet and formulate specific goals for which I am going to open this or that site. Otherwise, sitting in front of a monitor is not much different for me than lying on the couch in front of a TV box.

It's not so much a matter of controlling how time is spent. I don't practice time management. Sometimes I like to just look out the window. It matters what kind of garbage you let into your consciousness through television, radio and the Internet.

- careful attention to your social circle.
For a while I thought that all people were sent to you to teach you something. Some inspire, some surprise and make you think, some train your patience. It seemed to me that there were no chance meetings. So I tried to understand, delve into, think about why they were doing this to me, why they were trying to change me or convince me of something.

At a certain point, the decision came to simply be more selective in communication and avoid those who are trying to change you. The stupidest thing in my opinion is to go after another person with teachings when no one asks you to do so. I felt sorry for wasting time on such communication.

You gradually come to the conclusion that your attitude to communication is no less important for your health than the choice of what you eat. Sometimes it is better to starve than to eat anything.

2. Decide what to do with the signals.

Once upon a time, familiarity with the books of David Allen and his GTD system helped me “get my affairs in order.” Then I began to imagine the chain of signal - information - actions - assessment of change - meaning. With each signal that I recorded, I tried to treat it as if it were just another entry into my inbox. What to do with it next?

Many things can be immediately sent to the Trash. I remember when I was interested in the Silva method, I liked the phrase “Erased, erased,” which they recommended repeating if you wanted to forget something.

I detected the signal, realized that this had nothing to do with your life and threw it into the trash. You can even imagine the sound with which the documents in the trash can on my desktop are erased.

The remaining signals must be converted into information. Decide what we should do? What do we want to change as a result of our actions?

It still happens to me that some signal is detected and begins to spoil the mood, like a buzzing fly stuck between the window frames. If you do nothing, attention is distracted and your mood deteriorates. Just a question to ask yourself after fixing, “What’s next?”

A signal that is not converted into information is slag.
Information that does not lead to action is slag.
Actions that do not lead to change are a waste of time.

There are moments when you feel like a transparent crystal. You are an observer. The recorded signals pass through you without leaving a trace and without violating your transparency. This is difficult to achieve. Perhaps this is super-conductivity, when your reactions are so fast that they are unnoticeable.

I enjoy a lot of writing practices. I regularly use it to find solutions and ideas, as well as to get into a working state.

It is important for me to regularly formulate my own states in writing. Immersion in the description simultaneously helps to record the current state and immerses you in the process of generating ideas and manifesting possibilities.

The essence of maintaining LIP for me is a list of simple actions.

— cut off channels for receiving unnecessary signals.
— promote recorded signals along the chain, turning them into information, actions, evaluation, meaning. Remove everything else without mercy.
- try to fix the received meaning, making it a signal for others.