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Victor Pankov sent an interesting link to an article that describes in detail the pinout features of USB connectors for correct charging of various gadgets, because it is no secret that gadgets often refuse to charge from a simple USB port of a drive or computer, or do not behave as they would like.

Majority modern gadgets(mobile phones, smartphones, players, e-books, tablets, etc.) supports charging via a USB mini/micro socket. There may be several connection options:

The device can be charged from a PC via a standard data cable. Usually this is a USB_AM-USB_BM_mini/micro cable. If a device requires a current of more than 0.5 A to charge (this is the maximum that USB 2.0 is capable of), then the charging time can be painfully long, even indefinitely. The USB 3.0 port (the blue one) already produces 0.9 A, but this may not seem enough to some.

Using the same data cable, your device can be charged from a native charger (mains or car) equipped with a 4-pin USB-AF socket, like on a computer. Of course, this is no longer a real USB port. The charger socket only outputs approximately 5V between pins 1 and 4 of the 4-pin socket (plus on pin #1, minus on pin #4). Well, all sorts of jumpers and resistors can be installed between different contacts of the socket. For what? This witchcraft will be discussed below.

The gadget can be connected to a third-party or homemade charger that provides 5 volts. And this is where the fun begins...

When you try to charge from someone else's charger with a USB output, your gadget may refuse to charge under the pretext that Charger supposedly doesn't suit him. The answer is that many phones/smartphones “look” at how the Data+ and Data- wires are connected, and if the gadget doesn’t like something, the charger will be rejected.

Nokia, Philips, LG, Samsung, HTC and many other phones will only recognize the charger if the Data+ and Data- pins (2nd and 3rd) are shorted. You can short them in the USB_AF socket of the charger and easily charge your phone via a standard data cable.

If the charger already has an output cord (instead of an output jack), and you need to solder a mini/micro USB plug to it, then do not forget to connect pins 2 and 3 in the mini/micro USB itself. In this case, you solder the plus to 1 contact, and the minus to the 5th (last).

U iPhones In general, there are some occult requirements for switching the charger socket: the Data+ (2) and Data- (3) contacts must be connected to the GND contact (4) through 49.9 kΩ resistors, and to the +5V contact through 75 kΩ resistors.

Motorola“requires” a 200 kOhm resistor between pins 4 and 5 of the USB micro-BM plug. Without a resistor, the device does not charge until it is completely charged.

To charge Samsung Galaxy The USB micro-BM plug must have a 200 kOhm resistor between pins 4 and 5 and a jumper between pins 2 and 3.

For a more complete and “humane” charge of the tablet Samsung Galaxy Tab They recommend another circuit: two resistors: 33 kOhm between +5 and the D-D+ jumper; 10 kOhm between GND and jumper D-D+.

Apparatus E-ten(“Raccoon”) is not interested in the state of these contacts, and will support even a simple charger. But it has an interesting requirement for the charging cable - the “Raccoon” charges only if pins 4 and 5 are short-circuited in the mini-USB plug.

If you don't want to bother with a soldering iron, you can buy USB cable-OTG - in its mini-USB plug, contacts 4 and 5 are already closed. But then you will also need a USB AM-AM adapter, that is, “male”-“male”.

The Ginzzu GR-4415U car charger and its analogues, which claim to be universal, are equipped with two output sockets: “HTC/Samsung” and “Apple” or “iPhone”. The pinout of these sockets is shown below.

For power or charge Garmin navigator A special data cable is required. Just to power the navigator via a data cable, you need to short-circuit pins 4 and 5 of the mini-USB plug. To recharge, you need to connect pins 4 and 5 through an 18 kOhm resistor:

So, if you want to convert a regular charger into a USB charger for your phone:

Make sure the device produces approximately 5 volts DC voltage

Find out if this charger is capable of delivering a current of at least 500 mA

Make any necessary changes to the USB-AF jack or USB-mini/micro plug connections

In this article we will look at pinout options for USB connectors.

Pinout of 5-pin connector

Micro USB connector contains five contacts:

1 contact:+5 Volts charging power

2 contact: signal reception (D-)

3 contact: signal transmission (D+)

4 contact: not involved. Only when connected OTG cable, closes to the housing, which ensures the search and installation of a new device.

5 pin: general (minus)

Pinout of USB 3.0 standard A and B

The USB 2.0 standard discussed above provides maximum speed signal transmission up to 480 Megabits per second, and the USB 3.0 standard allows data transfer at speeds up to 5 Gigabits per second. The speed of USB 3.0 is ten times faster than USB 2.0.

Also added four more contacts that are intended for the organization high speed, fast charging and other benefits with current up to 1 Ampere!

But to support older devices, the new USB 3.0 connector has the same four pins. A pair for receiving and transmitting data and a second one for power supply. See photo below.

Micro USB 3.0 pinout

USB 3.0 pinout on motherboard

Used to connect to the connector on the front panel of the computer.

Below is the informationfor qualified craftsmen!Before changing parameters, we recommend recording the current data for a possible return to its original state. In any case, the authors of the article are not responsible for the failure of the TV due to erroneous actions in the service menu.

A little history of USB

The development of the Universal Serial Bus or USB began in 1994 by an Indian-American engineer Intel Ajay Bhatt and his division of specialists from leading computer companies called USB-IF (USB Implementers Forum, Inc). The company developing the port included representatives from Intel, Compaq, Microsoft, Apple, LSI and Hewlett-Packard. The developers were faced with the task of inventing a port that was universal for most devices, working on the Plug&Play principle (Connect and Play), when the device, after connecting to the computer, either started working immediately or started after installing the necessary software(drivers). The new principle should replace the LPT and COM port, and the data transfer rate should be at least 115 kbit/s. In addition, the port had to be parallel, to organize the connection of several sources to it, and also allow the use of “hot” connection of devices without turning off or rebooting the PC.

The first non-industrial sample of a USB port coded 1.0 with the ability to transfer data up to 12 Mbit/s. was introduced in late 1995 - early 1996. In mid-1998, the port was updated with automatic speed maintenance for a stable connection and could operate at a speed of 1.5 Mbit/s. Its modification became USB 1.1. Starting in mid-1997, the first motherboards and devices with this connector were released. In 2000, USB 2.0 appeared, supporting speeds of 480 Mbit/s. The main design principle is the ability to connect older USB 1.1 devices to the port. At the same time, the first 8 megabyte flash drive for this port appeared. 2008, with improvements to the USB controller in terms of speed and power, was marked by the release of the 3rd version of the port, supporting data transfer at speeds of up to 4.8 Gbit/s.

Basic concepts and abbreviations used when pinouting USB connectors

VCC (Voltage at the Common Collector) or Vbus– positive potential contact of the power supply. For USB devices it is +5 Volts. In radioelectric circuits, this abbreviation corresponds to the supply voltage of bipolar NPN and PNP transistors.

GND (Ground) or GND_DRAIN– negative power contact. In equipment (including motherboards) it is connected to the housing to protect against static electricity and sources of external electromagnetic interference.

D- (Data -)- information contact with zero potential, relative to which data transfer occurs.

D+ (Data+)– information contact with logical “1”, necessary for data transfer from the host (PC) to the device and vice versa. Physically, the process is the transmission of positive rectangular pulses of different duty cycles and an amplitude of +5 Volts.

Male– USB connector plug, popularly referred to as “male”.

Female– USB connector or female.

Series A, Series B, mini USB, micro-A, micro-B, USB 3.0– various modifications USB connectors devices.

RX (receive)– data reception.

TX (transmit)- data transfer.

-StdA_SSRX– negative contact for receiving data in USB 3.0 in SuperSpeed ​​mode.

+StdA_SSRX– positive contact for receiving data in USB 3.0 in SuperSpeed ​​mode.

-StdA_SSTX– negative contact for data transfer to USB 3.0 in SuperSpeed ​​mode.

+StdA_SSTX– positive contact for data transfer to USB 3.0 in SuperSpeed ​​mode.

DPWR– additional power connector for USB 3.0 devices.

USB connector pinout

For specifications 1.x and 2.0, the pinout of the USB connector is identical.

As we can see from the figure, on legs 1 and 4 there is supply voltage for the periphery of the connected device, and information data is transmitted through contacts 2 and 3. If you are using a five-pin micro-USB connector, please refer to the following figure.

As you can see, the use of 4 pins is not provided for in the standard specification. However, sometimes pin 4 is used to supply positive power to the device. Most often, these are energy-intensive consumers with a current tending to the maximum permissible for a USB 2.0 connector, as will be discussed below. According to the standard, each wire has its own color. So the positive power contact is connected by a red wire, the negative one by a black wire, the data- signal goes along white, and the positive information signal data+ goes through green. In addition, to protect devices from external influence quality cables They use shielding of the metal parts of the connectors by shorting the outer metallized cable braid to the housing. In other words, the cable shield can be connected to the negative power supply of the connector (but this condition is not mandatory). Using a screen allows you to improve the stability of data transmission, increase speed and apply a longer cable length to the device.

If you use a micro-USB – OTG cable to the tablet, the 4th unused contact is connected to the negative wire. The cable diagram is clearly presented in the figure from 4pda.ru. In this case, it is strictly forbidden to supply positive power to the 4th pin of the connector, which will result in failure of either the USB port controller or failure of the OTG controller!

As for the USB 2.0 connector specification, below is a table of the main characteristics.

The specification also indicates that to filter the useful signal, the maximum capacitance between the Data bus and the negative power contact (ground) can be used with a capacitance of up to 10uF (minimum 1uF). It is not recommended to use a higher capacitor value, since at speeds close to the maximum, the pulse fronts are delayed, which leads to a loss of speed characteristics of the USB port.

When connecting external USB ports to motherboard It is worth paying special attention to the correct connection of the wires, since it is not as dangerous to confuse the Data - and Data+ information signals as it is dangerous to swap the power wires. In this case, from the experience of repairing electronic equipment, the connected device often becomes unusable! The connection diagram must be looked at in the instructions for the motherboard.

It remains to add that for the implementation of cables for connected devices of the USB 2.0 connector, a standard for the cross-section of each wire in the cord has been approved.

AWG is the American wire gauge marking system.

Now let's move on to the USB 3.0 port

The second name for a USB 3.0 port is USB Super Speed, due to the increased data transfer speed of up to 5 Gb/sec. To increase speed indicators, engineers used full-duplex (two-wire) transmission of both sent and received data. Due to this, 4 additional contacts appeared in the connector -/+ StdA_SSRX and -/+StdA_SSTX. In addition, increased speeds required the use of a new type of controller with higher power consumption, which led to the need to use additional power pins in the USB 3.0 connector (DPWR and DGND). The new type of connector began to be called USB Powered B. In a digression, let’s say that the first Chinese flash drives for this connector were made in cases without taking into account the thermal characteristics of their controllers and, as a result, they got very hot and failed.

The practical implementation of the USB 3.0 port made it possible to achieve a data exchange rate of 380 MB/sec. For comparison, the SATA II port (connection hard drives) is capable of transmitting data at a speed of 250MB/sec. The use of additional power allowed the use of devices with a maximum current consumption of up to 900mA on the socket. This way, either one device or up to 6 gadgets with a consumption of 150mA can be connected. In this case, the minimum operating voltage of the connected device can be reduced to 4V. Due to the increased power of the connector, engineers had to limit the length of the USB 3.0 cable to 3 m, which is an undoubted disadvantage of this port. Below we provide the standard specification USB port 3.0

USB pinout The 3.0 connector looks like this:

Has full software support for the USB 3.0 specification operating system starting with Windows 8, MacBook Air and MacBook Pro latest versions and Linux from kernel version 2.6.31. Due to the use in USB connector 3.0 Powered-B two additional power contacts, it is possible to connect devices with a load capacity of up to 1A.

The initial development of USB connectors was carried out back in 1994 by American engineer Ajay Bhatt, as well as a whole team of qualified specialists from computer companies such as Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Hewlett-Packard and many others.

The developers intended to ensure that the end result was an extremely universal port that could be used for most modern devices, when, after connecting certain equipment to the computer, it either started working instantly, or immediately after the user installed the appropriate drivers. The pinout of micro-USB and a standard connector made it possible to completely replace the COM and LPT ports that were common at that time, while providing information transfer speeds of more than 115 kbit/s. In addition, the port was parallel so that it was possible to connect several sources to it, as well as use a “hot” connection that did not require rebooting or turning off the PC.

First start

The first non-industrial sample of the port, which had a code index of 1.0c and a data transmission speed of no more than 12 Mbit/s, was released in 1995-1996. In mid-1998, the final modification was already carried out using automatic speed maintenance, ensuring a stable connection, as a result of which the port functioned normally at a speed of 1.5 Mbit/s. In a subsequent modification, a new USB 1.1 was released. Micro-USB pinouts were not yet provided for, and in general the devices were not yet so actively used, despite the fact that since mid-1997 motherboards, as well as various devices that had this connector, were actively produced.

Modifications

In 2000, the first USB 2.0 was released, which was capable of supporting speeds of up to 480 Mbit/s. The main principle of this development was that the device could connect to the port of older devices that were based on USB 1.1. At the same time, the first 8 MB flash drive appeared, which was intended for this port. In 2008, development moved even further, USB 3.0 was already released, the data transfer speed of which was already supported at a level of up to 4.8 Gbit/s.

Pinout

Micro-USB pinout is quite popular today. Most likely, you have already encountered such a problem when you simply don’t have what you need. this moment USB adapter at hand. Situations can be very different - the device is broken, lost, not on sale, its length is not enough, and a number of others. Knowing the technology of how micro-USB pinout is carried out, you can decide this problem completely on your own.

If you know how to pinout and also have the skill to work with a soldering iron, then you will not have any problems with the USB connectors that exist today. At the moment, these are the most common connectors in modern digital technology, that is, today not a single mobile phone can do without them latest generation, but not a single gadget.

It’s worth noting right away that, in addition to the most common ones, there is also one more additional type of USB. You just have to remember what an adapter from a scanner or computer looks like, because with the naked eye you can tell that the connectors on such an adapter are different.

The connector that will connect to the computer is active and is generally designated by the letter A. The same connector that will be connected to the scanner is a passive device and is designated by the letter B.

USB 2.0

In this case, there are several types of wires with different connection types:

• +5I (red wire), intended for power supply. The maximum supply current in this case does not exceed 500 mA.
• D- (white wire) Data -.
• D- (green wire) Data +.
• GND (black) - represents the common wire, which is originally intended for ground.

MicroUSB

This connector is by far the most common when you need to connect a smartphone or tablet. They differ by an order of magnitude smaller sizes Compared to traditional USB interfaces, which are popular today, as a result, pinout of micro-USB on a tablet is somewhat more difficult. Another feature that distinguishes this connector is that it has five different contacts.

The markings of such connectors are:

• Micro-AM (BM) - male.
• Micro-AF (BF) - female.

Features of micro-USB

It is worth noting that the peculiarity of the pinout of the micro-USB connector affects not only the size of this device, but also the fact that it contains an additional contact.

• Red wire - VBUS.
• White wire D- (Data -).
• Green wire D+ (Data +).
• ID - it is not used in passive connectors of format B. If we are talking about active type A connectors, then in this case it is connected to ground to support the OTG function.
• The black wire is ground (GND).

Separately, it should be said that almost always the pinout of a micro-USB connector also includes a Shield wire, which does not use insulation. In this case, it plays the role of a screen, but it is not marked in any way, and also does not differ in any individual number.

There is also one more concept worth noting. Most likely, each person roughly understands what an extension cord is, and at the same time understands that different connectors are used there. As with all other types of connectors, USB also provides for the concept of male-female, where male is a plug and female is a socket.

How is desoldering done?

There are two options for how the micro-USB connector is soldered. Pinout can be done simply directly in front of the mirror, when a connector is placed in front of it. However, you must understand that you can simply make a mistake or end up soldering something that is far from what was needed. The second option is to simply mentally flip the connector.

There is also another way that micro USB pinouts can be done for charging or anything else. This method more relevant if you do not have the opportunity to use a collapsible USB connector, which is not so common, but is still found on sale today in various establishments. You have a USB - miniUSB cable from which you need to make a USB - microUSB cable. In this case, you have a cable of the latter type, but at the other end it is not a standard USB at all. In this situation, the most optimal solution It will be easy to solder the required cable, connecting various wires together, and it is often that users carry out pinouts for micro-USB. Samsung devices often do not have the required connector, so in this case this technology is also relevant.

How to connect?

The original cable is taken, after which the miniUSB connector is cut off from it. The cut end is completely freed from the shield while the remaining four wires are stripped and tinned. Now we take a cable with a microUSB connector, after which we also cut off the excess from it and carry out the same procedure. Now all that remains is to solder the wires together and then insulate each connection separately. Next, you can simply use some kind of insulation (for example, foil), and wrap the previously insulated connections all together. The resulting screen is wrapped on top with electrical tape or tape so that it does not fly off later.

The main thing to remember: before you carry out such an unusual pinout of the micro-USB cable, you should not forget about pinout the active and passive connectors. It is for this reason that it is recommended to initially determine which specific pinout is used on your cable.

For charging

Any standard charge that is based on using USB, involves the use of only two wires - this is + 5V, as well as a common contact. That is why, if you need to solder the first and fifth pins, and the most important thing in this case, when applying voltage, is to do everything in accordance with the polarity of your equipment.

The most important thing: regardless of what exactly you are pinouting the USB connector for, everything must be done extremely carefully and with knowledge of technology. Always try to anticipate various errors in advance and carry out each action measuredly, because if some connectors are connected incorrectly or you solder something incorrectly, there is a possibility that the cable will not be able to work normally at all and be used for connecting multiple devices.

It has been developed since 1994, and the development team consisted of engineers from leading companies in the field of IT technologies - Microsoft, Apple, Intel and others. During the research process, one goal was pursued - to find a universal port that could be used for most devices.

Thus, users were provided with a USB connector, which was almost immediately supported by various developers and began to be actively used in the most different devices, starting from personal computers and ending with mobile gadgets. However, it so happened that cables with such connectors could not be used everywhere, and they themselves were different, and therefore some require unsoldering a mini-USB connector in order to make the appropriate adapter.

However, few people know how this procedure should be carried out correctly.

Concepts you need to know

Wiring a USB connector begins with learning the basic concepts:

• VCC - positive potential contact For modern USB cables, the indicator of this contact is +5 Volts, it is worth noting that in radioelectric circuits this abbreviation fully corresponds to the supply voltage of PNP, as well as NPN transistors.
• GND - negative potential contact of the power supply. In modern equipment, including also various models motherboards, this device connected to the housing in order to provide effective protection from static electricity or any external sources of electromagnetic interference.
• D- - information contact having zero potential, regarding which information is broadcast.
• D+ is an information contact that has a logical unit. This contact is used to broadcast information from the host to the device or vice versa. On physical level This process is the transmission of rectangular pulses with a positive charge, while the pulses have different amplitudes and duty cycles.
• Male is the plug of this connector, which is often called “male” among modern users who wire the USB connector for a mouse and other devices.
• Female - the socket into which the plug is inserted. Users are called "mother".
• RX - receiving information.
• TX - information transfer.

USB-OTG

OTG is a method of connecting two peripheral devices via a USB cable without the need for a computer. Also, such a pinout of a micro-USB connector is often called a USB host in professional circles. In other words, a flash drive or some kind of hard drive can thus be directly connected to the tablet or mobile phone just like a full-fledged personal computer.

In addition, you can connect mice or keyboards to gadgets, if they support the ability to use them. Cameras and other gadgets are often connected to printers in this way.

What limitations does it have?

The limitations that this type of micro-USB connector has are the following:

For example, if we are talking about connecting some kind of USB flash drive to the phone, then in this case the “USB_AF-USB_AM_micro” adapter is most often used. In this case, a flash drive is inserted into the connector, while the plug is connected to the mobile phone.

Cable Feature

The main feature that distinguishes the wiring of a USB connector in the OTG format is that in the plug, pin 4 must be connected to pin 5. In a standard data cable, to this contact Nothing is soldered at all, but this plug is called USB-BM micro. It is for this reason that you need to get to the fourth contact, and then use a jumper to connect it to the GND wire. After this procedure, the plug will be renamed USB-AM micro. It is the presence of a jumper between these contacts in the plug that allows the device to determine that some kind of peripheral device is about to be connected to it. If the device does not see this jumper, it will act as a passive device, and any flash drives connected to it will simply be completely ignored.

How are devices identified?

Many people believe that when connecting in OTG mode, both devices fully automatically determine which of them will be the host and which will be the slave. In fact, in this case, only the user determines who exactly in this case will be the master, since in which device the plug equipped with a jumper between 4 and 5 contacts will be inserted, then of them will be the host.

How to make it?

Through the translucent insulation you can see several multi-colored wires. You will need to melt the insulation near the black wire, then solder one end of the jumper to the GND pin. On the opposite side you can see a white wire, as well as an unused pin. In this case, we need to melt the insulation near the unused contact, and then solder the second end of the jumper to it.

It is worth noting that the wiring diagram for a micro USB connector is much simpler.

The unraveled plug, which you equipped with a jumper, will need to be insulated, for which a specialized heat-shrinkable tube is used. After this, you will just need to take the “mother” from the extension cord and solder it to our color-matched plug. If the cables are shielded, then you will also need to connect the shields, among other things.

Can it be charged?

If peripherals are connected to the device via OTG, then it will have to power it, which can significantly reduce the overall operating time of the device from the built-in battery. In this regard, many people wonder whether it is possible through external source recharge such a device. This is possible, but this requires support for a special mode in the device, as well as a separate wiring of the USB connector for charging.

In fact, the charging mode is most often provided by modern gadget developers, but not everyone allows such a procedure. It should be noted that to switch to this charging mode, a separate USB connector wiring diagram must be used, in which the contacts are closed through a separate resistor.