Each of these areas needs to be known and applied in order to avoid undesirable consequences from children using a computer.

Optimal use time

Studying the influence of the computer on children, psychologists, pediatricians and teachers come to the conclusion that for each age category the following restrictions on time of use must be observed:

• 2-3 years: the lesson should not exceed 10 minutes, optimally limit it to 5 minutes. No more than 3 lessons per week;
• 3-4 years: maximum time per lesson - 15 minutes, but try to keep it to 10. 3 approaches per week;
• 4-5 years: no more than 20 minutes, optimally – 15. Exercise every other day, giving the baby time to adapt;
• 5-6 years: up to 30 minutes. An exception can be made for watching a full-length cartoon with your parents; it is advisable to take short breaks every 30 minutes to discuss the plot and warm up your eyes. Play computer games no more than 15 minutes.

To optimize the time frame, it is advisable to set a specific time when the baby will study. The most suitable period is in the first half of the day or after lunch. It is not recommended to exercise before bed or before meals: a large flow of information will overstimulate the baby, which will prevent you from falling asleep peacefully or will reduce your appetite.

All time limits must be discussed with the child; he must clearly understand that the computer is a means of acquiring knowledge, and not active entertainment. Gradually get used to the measured use of gadgets, giving a choice of interesting activities outside the monitor.

Child safety at the computer

An important role in obtaining a positive effect from learning on a computer is compliance with safety rules and the correct position of the child. From the very first days of your child’s acquaintance with a computer, ensure that the following conditions are met:

• The body position must be correct - the baby should not slouch while working at the computer. To do this, it is important to choose the correct height of the chair and, if necessary, offer a footrest. If the baby is just watching without using the mouse or keyboard, then sit him in the correct position on a chair and check periodically;
• Control the lighting in the room when working. The light should be quite bright and not create glare on the screen;
• When working at a computer, the monitor should be at a distance of at least 60 cm; when watching a video, the optimal position for the child is three meters from the screen, the image should be at eye level. You should not allow the child to raise his head or change the direction of his gaze;
• Teach your baby to do an eye warm-up and do it regularly.

Safety of use and care of equipment

In addition to the requirements for time and position of the child’s body, it is recommended to take into account the following points:

• It is not advisable to place a computer in a child's room. It is more correct for it to be in a place where you can constantly monitor the child’s activities;
• Carry out regular wet cleaning in the room with the computer and ventilate well every day;
• Keep an eye on the monitor and prevent dust from accumulating by removing it with a special cloth and treating it with an antistatic agent;
• Try to arrange all the wires so that the baby does not touch them or have access to sockets;
• Turn on your computer only while studying, and then always turn it off. Do not leave it on unattended;
• Do not allow anyone to eat near the computer or watch it while lying down;
• It is good to install a timer program that will complete the work after the set time has elapsed;
• It is advisable to use the “parental control” function to avoid unwanted influence.

By observing these simple rules, you will be able to use the computer as your assistant, avoid negative consequences and develop the child.

Computer usage mode

To comply with the rules, install on your computer special programs To block unwanted sites and programs, use a timer to shut down after a set time. Gradually, your child’s computer skills will develop, so it’s worth regularly checking to see if your child is circumventing your restrictions or has found an unwanted resource or game unknown to you.

For control methods to work, observe an important condition: parents must be an example. Show your child that people work or study at the computer, but do not spend most of their time playing games.

Galina Sorokina
Summary of GCD for familiarizing preschoolers with safety rules when working on a computer

Dear Colleagues!

I suggest you abstract

familiarization of preschoolers

With "Great and not safe sage» . I hope that the proposed material will be of interest to you.

GBDOU Kindergarten № 25.

Vyborg district. City of St. Petersburg.

Abstract

GCD according to familiarization of preschoolers

With safety rules

at working on a computer

"Great and not safe sage» .

“If we teach today the way we taught yesterday, we will rob our children of tomorrow.”

John Dewey.

Abstract

directly educational activities on familiarization of preschoolers

With safety rules when working on a computer"Great and not safe sage» .

Materials and equipment:

Laptop, speakers, headphones, printer, scanner, projector.

Sectional pictures depicting the main devices computer: laptop, computer, speakers, headphones, printer, projector.

Electronic support: cartoon "Simon's cat".(Episode 15) 2008-2011.

Integration of educational regions: « Cognition» , "Health", "Communication", "Socialization", "Artistic creativity".

Tasks:

Cognition: summarize and systematize children’s knowledge about the purpose and methods of use computers at home and in the workplace; arouse children's interest in educational programs;

broaden horizons, enrich children's vocabulary computer terminology.

Health: - form an idea of ​​the requirements safety and hygiene when working at a computer;

Communication: develop the ability to communicate freely with adults and children; introducing children to riddles associated with computer, expand the vocabulary of pupils.

Socialization: through participation in games, to instill in children a healthy spirit of competition.

Artistic creativity:

Teach children to create drawings-memoirs about safe use of the computer.

Preliminary Job:

Conversations to give general information O computer and its properties and purpose.

Reading poems, looking at photographs, illustrations, excursions to the office of the senior teacher, head and clerk.

Guys, today I want introduce you with the greatest sage! What kind of sage do you think this is?

Didn't you guess? Then mystery:

What kind of iron friend is this?

Interesting and useful?

It's boring at home, there's no comfort,

If turned off... - (computer) .

Guys, now it’s hard to find a family that doesn’t have computer.

Why do you think I called computer great sage?

Where are they used? computers?

How to use computer in our group?

What presentations do you remember and why?

Which educational and developmental programs do you like?

Didactic game "Collect a picture" (computer components) .

Guys, there are envelopes on the tables. Look what's there. (Parts of the picture, There are cut pictures in the envelopes. You need to collect them.

What did you get? Name the item and say what it is needed for. (Laptop, computer, speakers, headphones, printer, projector).

Right!

Guys, do you know what the computer Can't sit for a long time? (Answers).

And why? (Children's answers).

If you sit for a long time computer, vision may deteriorate. Therefore for computer work is given certain time and you definitely need to do eye exercises (visual gymnastics) to give your eyes a rest.

Now we will do it with you complex gymnastics for the health of our eyes.

Visual gymnastics:

"Give your eyes a rest."

They quickly stood up, smiled,

They stretched higher and higher.

We are with played with the computer,

Our eyes are so tired.

We need to give our eyes a rest,

We'll blink quickly.

One two three four five

We'll blink quickly.

Right, looked to the left,

Up and down and up and down!

Again right, left again,

Up and down and up and down!

Now let's close our eyes,

Let's open wide again.

AND palms of the eyes

We will close without haste.

We'll give our eyes a rest,

Let's sit in the dark.

We will open our eyes again,

On we'll set them up to work!

Guys, computer is a great sage, but it can be dangerous if certain rules are not followed. rules. Our eyes have rested and now we will watch a presentation about rules of behavior at the computer.

Computer- an electrical device, which means it can be dangerous to life. (Slide)

Be careful! Do not touch the wires that are connected to computer. (Slide)

The computer is afraid of dirt. (Slide)

Dust is harmful computer, gets inside and spoils it. (Slide).

Dirty hands will get dirty and take you out computer is out of order. (Slide).

Don't turn it on or off computers without adult permission! (Slide).

The computer is not a dining room! It is better not to approach him with bread, nuts, sweets, or tea. Crumbs will do harm more to the computer than dust, and spilled tea can ruin it completely. (Slide).

When pressing the keys, do not use much force. Drumming on the keyboard will quickly damage it. (Slide).

You need to treat the mouse and other devices connected to the computer in the same way. computer. (Slide).

Do not touch the monitor screen even with clean fingers - marks will still remain on it. (Slide).

Which Do you remember the rules of behavior at the computer??

And now I suggest watching the cartoon "Simon's cat". After viewing you will have to respond to question: "What did Simon not do? Right?» .

Watching a cartoon.

So what are they Simon violated safety rules when working on a computer?

Guys, today we talked a lot about safety rules when working on a computer. And now I suggest you create drawings-memoirs about computer safety. We'll put these rules for our computer corner so that you never forget them.

Literature.

1. We study computer/ Duvanov A. – M.: Eksmo, 2012.- 112 p.: ill. +1 CD-Rom (My first lessons)

2. Cartoon about a cat Simon: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWIPZvwcnX8&feature=bf_prev&list=UUH6vXjt-BA7QHl0KnfL-7RQ

Instructions for labor protection when working with a computer in a preschool educational institution

1. General safety requirements

1.1 Pupils who have undergone occupational safety training, a medical examination and who have no contraindications due to health conditions are allowed to work with a computer.

1.2 When working with a computer, students must comply with the rules of behavior, class schedule, and established work and rest schedules.

1.3 When working with a computer, students may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:

Adverse effects on the human body of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation video terminals;

Adverse effects on vision from visual ergonomic parameters of video terminals that are outside the optimal range;

Defeat electric shock.

1.4 The office where the computers are installed must be equipped with a first aid kit with a set of necessary medications and dressings to provide first aid in case of injuries or when feeling unwell.

1.5 When working with a computer, follow fire safety rules and know the location of primary fire extinguishing equipment. The office must be equipped with two carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

1.6 The victim or eyewitness to the accident must immediately report to the teacher about each accident. If the equipment malfunctions, stop working and inform the teacher about it.

1.7 In the process of working with video terminals, students must comply with the work procedure, personal hygiene rules, and keep them clean workplace.

1.8 Pupils who fail to comply with or violate labor safety instructions are held accountable and all pupils are given unscheduled instruction on labor protection.

2. Safety requirements before starting work.

2.1 Thoroughly ventilate the office and make sure that the air temperature in the office is in the range of 19 - 21 ° C, the relative humidity is in the range of 62 - 55%.

2.2 Make sure that there is protective grounding of the equipment, as well as protective screens of video terminals.

2.3 Turn on the video terminals and check the stability and clarity of the image on the screens.

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1 Do not turn on video terminals without the permission of the teacher.

3.2 When the video terminal is operating, the distance from the eyes to the screen should be 0.6 - 0.7 m, the eye level should be at the center of the screen or 2/3 of its height.

3.3 The image on the screens of video terminals must be stable, clear and extremely clear, without flickering of characters and backgrounds, and there should be no glare or reflections of lamps, windows and surrounding objects on the screens.

3.4.Your legs and back should be supported, and the center of the monitor should be at eye level or slightly higher.

Working with a computer leads to increased stress on the visual organs. Visual fatigue develops, which contributes to myopia, headaches, irritability, nervous tension and stress.

To reduce visual strain you need:

1. good lighting;
2. clear and contrasting image on the computer screen;
3. the distance from the eyes to the computer screen is at least 50–60 cm.

These are optimal conditions from face to screen. At a closer distance, excessive strain on the accommodative apparatus of the eyes may occur. You need to sit straight, and not to the side, so only one child can work at the computer at a time, because For those sitting on the side, the conditions for viewing the image on the screen sharply worsen.

Working hours are one of the factors in preventing fatigue and p. Children, as a rule, are very active and emotional at the computer. Performing the task with interest, they get carried away and can sit at the monitor for a long time without feeling tired. Therefore you should pay attention

on external signs of fatigue:

1. Loss of self-control: the child touches his face and twitches involuntarily.
2. Complete fatigue: bowing of the head, sliding out of the chair.
3. Emotionally – neurotic reactions.

To prevent the development of overfatigue, physical education is mandatory.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1 If a malfunction occurs in the operation of the video terminal, you should turn it off and inform the teacher about it.

4.2 If you feel unwell, have a headache, dizziness, etc., stop working and inform the teacher about it.

4.3 In case of electric shock, immediately turn off the video terminals, provide first aid to the victim, if necessary, send him to the nearest medical institution and notify the administration of the institution.

5. Safety requirement upon completion of work

5.1 With the permission of the teacher, turn off the video terminals and tidy up the workplace.

5.2 Thoroughly ventilate and wet clean the office.

Key concepts: personal computer, global computer network Internet, security threat, information security, filter program, security culture, politics information security, health-saving technology.

Goals and objectives: to ensure the protection of the child’s health when working with a computer, to ensure the child’s information security when accessing Internet resources, to involve parents in solving these problems.

results: organizing the optimal work schedule for children when working with a computer, observing sanitary and hygienic standards by students when working with a computer, ensuring access only to educational Internet resources during class and extracurricular activities of students, increasing the level of information culture of students and teachers.

Criteria for evaluating results:

• presence of safety corners in each office with installed computers;
• operating modes of offices with installed computers;
• the number of children who have received information security training when using the Internet;
• the number of parents of students aware of the problems of children's information security on the Internet;
• the presence of a public Council to monitor children's access to educational resources on the Internet;
• number of computers connected to the Internet with filter programs installed.

Today, information competence for a graduate is not a privilege, but a necessity for successful socialization. The variety of sources and types of information should not become an obstacle to the development of a particular student, but, on the contrary, fertile ground for the development of information competence.

The evolution of computers and software led to a sufficient ease of development for the most unprepared users, including primary schoolchildren and even preschoolers. All large quantity children have access to a computer at an early age - at home, with friends, in clubs. Computer technologies qualitatively change the content, methods and organizational forms of training and, under certain conditions, can contribute to the disclosure, preservation and development of students’ individual abilities and their personal qualities; formation of cognitive abilities; the desire for self-improvement. With the help of a computer, they quickly learn this or that material and are involved in the educational process as active participants. And it is becoming more and more difficult for a modern teacher to see himself in the educational process without the help of a computer.

The use of computer technologies in the educational process meets the psychophysiological development of students, allows for simplicity in the organization of classes, and has a significant impact on the content, forms and methods of teaching. The use of multimedia presentations makes lessons more interesting, includes in the perception process not only vision, but also hearing, emotions, imagination, helps children dive deeper into the material being studied, makes the learning process less tiring, and increases the efficiency and motivation of learning. But nowadays teachers are faced with the problem of a decrease in the level of cognitive activity of students in the classroom, a reluctance to work independently, and simply to learn.

Thanks to the use multimedia technologies in training:

1. The activity of students in the lesson increases.
2. An opportunity arises operational testing students.
3. Time is saved and the opportunity to solve more problems is provided.
4. When conducting a lesson using multimedia technologies, the basic principle of didactics is observed - visibility, which ensures optimal learning of the material by schoolchildren, increases emotional perception, develops spatial imagination and all types of thinking in children.

On the other hand, the rapid development of computer technology is qualitatively changing the life around us and giving rise to many new problems, in particular, the problem of developing information culture and security among the younger generation.

There are different opinions about when to give children access to the Internet. Foreign experts agree that a ban on the Internet can be effective only as long as it does not limit the child’s educational needs. Modern schools are already connected to the Internet, and computer science teaching begins in the second grade. The computer and the Internet, like any complex technological products, along with their undeniable advantages, can cause serious harm to a child. One of the main issues related to computerization is the study the influence of computers on the body, mental state and development of the child. At the current level of technology development, it is not radiation that is harmful to children and, in general, users of any age. mental and nervous fatigue.

Here is an excerpt from the annotation to the book by Zaryana and Nina Nekrasov “How to pull a child away from the computer and what to do with it,” published by the Sofia publishing house: “Children and teenagers grow attached to the socket when the real world cannot offer them other full-fledged activities. There is no need to fight with the computer; fighting does not strengthen families. You just need to understand the true needs of your children - and find the strength and time to communicate, play, and listen to them. Just look at everything (including computers, TV, mobile phones, players and other plug-in inventions) through the eyes of children and teenagers. And then the virtual world will become an assistant to your family, which is what it is actually intended for.”

It is important for adults to remember that even the most sophisticated children do not see the dangers of the Internet and do not understand the risks of using it. The problem is that children have not yet formed the criteria for distinction. A child, due to the peculiarities of his psychological development, is interested in everything. Leaving a child alone with a computer on the Internet is the same as leaving him alone on the street of a large and unfamiliar city. When a child sits alone at a computer for hours, almost the same thing happens - most likely, he wanders around virtual streets and gateways. Therefore, parents and teachers must first learn the basics of computer security themselves, and then teach this to their children. This requires a well-thought-out methodology for teaching the basics of information security.

Based on the above, we can conclude: work to limit the harmful effects of a computer on a child can be divided into two components:

1. compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards (temporary work at the computer, timely breaks, gymnastics) to preserve the health of children;
2. ensuring information security.

These conditions must be met not only by the school, but also by the parents at home.

Stage I

Organization of operating mode on a computer:

• development and approval of the operating mode of offices with computers ( Annex 1);
• conducting briefings on occupational health and safety in offices with installed personal computers ( Appendix 2);
• designing safety corners with all the instructions, physical exercises and eye exercises placed in them when working at the computer ( Appendix 3);
• organizing and conducting physical education sessions during classes ( Appendix 4);
• Conducting a lecture for parents of students on the working hours of children at the computer.

Stage II

Organization of access to educational resources on the Internet:

• conducting instructions on access to educational resources on the Internet;
• development of a methodological manual “Internet resources for the educational process”;
• installation of filter programs on school computers;
• holding a lecture for parents of students on the regime of children's access to educational resources;
• memo to parents “Ten facts to tell children to stay safe on the Internet.”

There are many programs that allow you to limit the time you work at the computer, filter Internet content, and protect the little user. They are called Parental Control programs. Parental control built into Windows Vista. This makes it possible to control the child’s computer use in four ways:

1. limit the time he spends monitor screen,
2. block access to some sites,
3. block access to other Internet services,
4. prohibit the launch of certain games and programs.

At the average level of protection, the filter works on sites dedicated to weapons, drugs, various kinds of obscenity and containing obscene language.

Stage III

Ensuring information security of working on the Internet.

Seeing only good or only evil in modern technology are extremes that should be avoided. Technology is just a tool in human hands, designed to achieve certain goals. And as when using any tool, working on the Internet requires a certain technique, or rather - safety culture.

With all the importance technical means, it is clear that they are just part of the implementation information security policies. It includes educational and educational activities.

All interested parties take part in the implementation of the school’s information security policy: teachers, students, and their parents. The policy for using Internet resources is documented in the “Rules for using the Internet in a municipal educational institution, secondary school No. 13” ( Appendix 5).

The school has created a Public Council on the regulation of access to information on the Internet, which includes representatives of the school administration, teachers, students, and parents. The main function of the Council is to control the use of Internet resources by students. A package of documents has been developed to regulate the work of the Council:

1. Regulations on the school’s Public Council on the regulation of access to information on the Internet ( Appendix 6);
2. Instructions for employees of secondary school No. 13 and members of the school’s Public Council on the procedure for monitoring students’ use of the Internet ( Appendix 7).

To help class teachers conduct classroom hours and parent lectures, the following have been developed:

1. Memo to students “What you need to know when working on the Internet ( Appendix 8)
2. A guide to parents on managing children's Internet safety.

To help subject teachers, we have developed guidelines:

1. Instructions for preparing teaching materials for posting on the website;
2. A guide to creating a multimedia presentation.

Formation of information culture and security is a long and complex process, but important and necessary. The Internet can also be a global encyclopedia, uniting information resources around the world. But it can also turn into an ominous web that destroys people if people look for uncleanness in it and turn it into a global trash heap. The task of adults (teachers, parents) is the formation of a versatile intellectual personality, whose high moral level will guarantee its information security.

Safety precautions when working with a computer - requirements of GOSTs, labor protection instructions and other documents approved by government agencies. At the enterprise (in offices), a responsible employee monitors this. At home, it is more difficult to organize the safety of using a personal PC: the user either does not know the rules or does not want to follow them.

Let us briefly list the main factors that negatively affect human health when working with a personal computer:

• radiation – infrared, electromagnetic, in some cases x-ray;
• negative effects of screen radiation on vision;
• deterioration of posture, fatigue in the back (especially in the cervical region);
• risk of an emergency.

In our review, we will rely on instructions and rules designed for “industrial” (office) work with a PC. They are informatively comprehensive, so they are suitable for home use.

Using a PC involves three things: beginning, the work itself, and completion. Let's talk separately about actions in emergency situations.

Let's start working

Before you begin, you should prepare your workplace: the room is ventilated, the furniture is adjusted (chair height, backrest tilt, footrests), and the light is adjusted. It is important to check the integrity of the PC so that there is no visible damage to the monitor, system unit. Cables must not be damaged. Be sure to wipe off dust from the monitor, system unit, desktop, and additional devices.

The computer is turned on in the following sequence: voltage stabilizer (if equipped), uninterruptible power supply, auxiliary equipment (printer, scanner, etc.), the computer itself (system unit).

You cannot work at a computer if:

• the monitor is faulty (flickering, spots, image shaking);
• Wires, sockets or other PC parts are damaged.

A responsible employee is called in the office, and a diagnostic and repair technician is called at home. personal computers. There is no need to “solder the wires” yourself or reach inside the system unit with a screwdriver.

We continue to work

The computer is turned on, the working day has begun. Don’t forget about the wires - they should not be touched again, they should not be switched from sockets a hundred times. There should be nothing unnecessary on the desktop; it is forbidden to drink or eat at the computer.

Maintaining the correct body position at the computer:

• the distance from the eyes to the monitor is more than 50 centimeters;
• the optimal screen tilt angle is 30 degrees;
• knees bend at a 90-degree right angle;
• under the table - nothing superfluous that would interfere with the legs;
• the spine should take a natural position.

In the image we see how to sit at the computer correctly and how incorrectly.

Taking breaks is a great service to your own health. And not only during working hours, but also during any use of the computer (Internet, movies, social networks).

The rules approved by Ukrainian GOSTs are 10-15 minutes every 1-2 hours, depending on the specifics of the work (dialers, programmers, etc.). At home, make it a habit to take a break from your computer every hour. Nobody is watching you.

Break time should be helpful. Do gymnastics for your eyes and your whole body. The most common thing is a few rotations with your eyes, pelvis, a couple of squats, and swinging your arms. More detailed exercises can be found in large quantities on the Internet.

Below is an example of simple and quick eye exercises.

What to do during emergencies?

Don't panic is the first rule. If the user notices damage to the cable, a burning smell, unusual noise, or any other malfunctions in the PC, you must immediately turn off the power to the computer and report the incident to the responsible employee.

The fire is localized by the primary fire extinguishing means - fire extinguishers. Be sure to disconnect the wiring first. If this cannot be done, you can extinguish live equipment only with carbon dioxide (water and foam are excluded). In larger fire situations, call the fire department immediately.

If an employee’s health deteriorates or an injury occurs, immediately call an ambulance.

Safety precautions after finishing working at the computer

We finish working with our PC correctly. To do this you need:

• close all active programs and tasks;
• remove all storage devices (disks, flash drives);
• turn off the computer, and then turn off the power supply to the system unit;
• turn off auxiliary equipment, uninterruptible power supply, stabilizer;
• Remove all cables from the socket (de-energize the equipment).

It is important to leave the work area clean, free of debris and foreign objects.

Normative base

Detailed safety rules when working with PCs are enshrined in a number of documents approved at the ministerial level. Here are the main ones:

• basic law on labor protection;
• instructions for working with electronic computers(Ministry of Revenue and Duties);
• on labor protection during operation of electronic computer equipment(State Committee for Industrial Safety);
• safety requirements when working with screen devices(Ministry of Social Policy).

Correct and safe work with a computer is the responsibility of every employee. During home use PC is the personal responsibility of the user. The above rules are not so complex as to be ignored.