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We will begin the third lesson by consolidating the material we have covered and conjugating several verbs.

Verb HOPE

• SPERARE- HOPE, reads "Sperare"
• IO SPERO- I HOPE (“Io Spero”)
• TU SPERI- YOU HOPE (“Tu Speri”)
• LUI SPERA- HE HOPES (“Louis Spera”)
• LEI SPERA- SHE HOPES
• LEI SPERA- YOU HOPE (respectful form)
• NOI SPERIAMO- WE HOPE (“Noi Speriamo”)
• VOI SPERATE- YOU HOPE (“Voi Sperate”)
• LORO SPERANO- THEY HOPE (“Loro Sperano”, emphasis on the root of the word)

Verb HELP

• AIUTARE- HELP, read “Ayutara”
• IO AIUTO- I HELP (“Io Ayuto”)
• TU AIUTI- YOU HELP (“Tu Ayuti”)
• LUI AIUTA- HE HELPES (“Louis Ayuta”)
• LEI AIUTA- SHE HELPS
• LEI AIUTA- YOU HELP (respectfully)
• NOI AIUTIAMO- WE HELP (“Noi Ayutthayamo”)
• VOI AIUTATE- YOU HELP (“Voi Ayutate”)
• LORO AIUTAN- THEY HELP (“Loro Ayutano”)

Verb TEACH

• INSEGNARE- TEACH, TRAIN, read “Inseñare”
• IO INSEGNO- I TEACH (“Io Insenio”)
• TU INSEGNI- YOU TEACH (“Tu Inseñi”)
• LUI INSEGNA- HE TEACHES (“Louis Inseña”)
• LEI INSEGNA- SHE IS A TEACHER
• LEI INSEGNA- YOU TEACH (respectfully)
• NOI INSEGNIAMO- WE TEACH (“Noi Insenyamo”)
• VOI INSEGNATE- YOU TEACH (“Voi Insenate”)
• LORO INSEGNANO- THEY TEACH (“Loro Insegnano”)

Verb TRY

• PROVARE- TRY, TRY, TRY, TRY ON, REHEARSE, read “Provare”
• IO PROVO- I TRY (“Io Provano”)
• TU PROVI- YOU TRY (“Tu Provi”)
• LUI PROVA- HE TRYS (“Louis Provat”)
• LEI PROVA- SHE TRYS
• LEI PROVA- YOU TRY (respectfully)
• NOI PROVIAMO- WE TRY (“Noi Proviamo”)
• VOI PROVATE- YOU TRY (“Voi Provate”)
• LORO PROVANO- THEY TRY (“Loro Provano”)

Verb SEARCH

• CERCARE- SEARCH, read “Cercare”
• IO CERCO- I AM SEARCHING (“Io Cerco”)
• TU CERCHI- YOU ARE LOOKING (“Tu Cherki”)
• LUI CERCA- HE IS LOOKING (“Louis Cherka”)
• LEI CERCA- SHE IS SEARCHING
• LEI CERCA- SHE IS SEARCHING
• NOI CERCIAMO- WE ARE SEARCHING (“Noi Cerchiamo”)
• VOI CERCATE- YOU ARE SEEKING (“Voi Cherkate”)
• LORO CERCANO- THEY ARE SEEKING (“Loro Cercano”)

Verb FIND

• TROVARE- FIND, read “Trovre”
• IO TROVO- I FIND (“Io Trovo”)
• TU TROVI- YOU FIND (“Tu Trovi”)
• LUI TROVA- HE FINDS (“Louis Trova”)
• LEI TROVA- HE FINDS
• LEI TROVA- YOU ARE NOT (respectfully)
• NOI TROVIAMO- WE FIND (“Noi Troviamo”)
• VOI TROVATE- YOU FIND (“Voi Trovate”)
• LORO TROVANO- THEY FIND (“Loro Trovano”)

Example:

• CHI CERCA, TROVA- WHO SEEKS WILL FIND

Verb SING

• CANTARE- SING, read “Kantara”
• IO CANTO- I SING (“Io Canto”)
• TU CANTI- YOU WILL EAT (“Tu Canti”)
• LUI CANTA- HE SINGS (“Louis Cant”)
• LEI CANTA- SHE SINGS
• LEI CANTA- YOU SING (respectfully)
• NOI CANTIAMO- WE SING (“Noi Kantiamo”)
• VOI CANTATE- YOU SING (“Voi Cantate”)
• LORO CANTANO- THEY SING (“Howls of Cantano”)

Verb THINK

• PENSARE- THINK, reading “Pensare”
• IO PENSO- I THINK (“Io Penso”)
• TU PENSI- DO YOU THINK (“Two Penny”)
• LUI PENSA- HE THINKS (“Louis Penza”)
• LEI PENSA- SHE THINKS
• LEI PENSA- DO YOU THINK (respectfully)
• NOI PENSIAMO- WE THINK (“Noi Pensiamo”)
• VOI PENSATE- YOU THINK (“Voi Pensate”)
• LORO PENSANO- THEY THINK (“Loro Pensano”)

Rules for constructing words

In the Italian language there is a general set of rules, following which you can predict what a word will look like.

Due to the exclusion of the letter combination " CT"The letter "T" is doubled. For example: ATTORE, EFETTIVO

The "x" sound is missing.

• rus. Ge - in Italian. G.E.
• rus. Gi - in Italian. G.I.

Suffixes

Russian words ending with the suffix -TSIYA in Italian acquire an ending -ZIONE. Examples:

• MODERNIZZAZIONE- MODERNIZATION
• INNOVAZIONE- INNOVATION
• IMOZION- EMOTION
• NAZIONE- NATION
• PROVOCAZIONE- PROVOCATION
• MEDITAZION- MEDITATION
• INTONAZIONE- INTONATION
• REALIZZAZIONE- IMPLEMENTATION

Words ending with -ZIA in Italian will be awarded the suffix -SIONE.

Ending -SSIA turn into -SSION. Example: PROFESSION- PROFESSION

The ending -ALNY turns into -ALE. Examples:

• INDIVIDUAL- INDIVIDUAL
• NORMAL- NORMAL
• IDEALE- PERFECT
• PROFESSIONAL- PROFESSIONAL

The ending -IVNY turns into -IVO. Examples:

• EFFETTIVO- EFFICIENT
• CONSTRUTTIVO- CONSTRUCTIVE
• OBIETTIVO- OBJECTIVE

The endings -ICY, -ICH turns into -ICO. Examples:

• MAGICO- MAGICAL, read “Majiko”
• LOGICO- LOGICAL
• TECNICO- TECHNICAL
• ECONOMICO- ECONOMIC

Using these simple rules you can translate about 50,000 words into Italian!

Irregular Verbs

Verbs whose conjugation does not follow general rules are called irregular. Three verbs: ESSERE-BE, AVERE-HAVE and FARE-DO, were covered in previous lessons. Now let's start studying other, no less important irregular verbs.

Verb WANT

• VOLERE- WANT, reads “Volere”
• IO VOLGIO- I WANT (“Io Volyo”)
• TU VUOI- YOU WANT (“Tu Vuoi”)
• LUI VUOLE- HE WANTS (“Louis Vuole”)
• LEI VUOLE- SHE WANT
• LEI VUOLE- DO YOU WANT (respectfully)
• NOI VOGLIAMO- WE WANT (“Noi Volyamo”)
• VOI VOLETE- YOU WANT ("Voi Volete")
• LORO VOGLIONO- THEY WANT (“Loro Volleno”), emphasis on “o”

Examples:

• CHE COSA TU VUOI?- WHAT DO YOU WANT?
• IO VOGLIO CANTARE- I WANT TO SING
• IO NON VOGLIO MANGIARE- I DO NOT WANT TO EAT
• CHE COSA VUOI FARE?- WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO?
• IO NON VOGLIO AVERE UN PROBLEM- I DON'T WANT TO HAVE PROBLEMS

Verb KNOW

• SAPERE- KNOW, BE ABLE, read “Sapere”
• IO SO- I KNOW (“Io So”)
• TU SAI- YOU KNOW (“Tu Sai”)
• LUI S.A.- HE KNOWS (“Louis Sa”)
• LEI SA- SHE KNOWS
• LEI SA- YOU KNOW (respectfully)
• NOI SAPPIAMO- WE KNOW (“Noi Sapiamo”)
• VOI SAPETE- YOU KNOW (“Voi Sapete”)
• LORO SANNO- THEY KNOW (“Loro Sano”)

Examples:

• IO NON SO CHE COSA FARE- I DO NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO
• IO SO CANTARE MOLTO BENE- I CAN SING VERY WELL

Formation of the plural

• ITALIANO- ITALIAN, ITALIAN, (masculine, singular), read “Italiano”
• ITALIANI- ITALIAN, ITALIANS (masculine, plural), read “Italiani”
• ITALIANA- ITALIAN, ITALIANKA (feminine, plural), read “Italiana”
• ITALIANE- ITALIANKI (feminine, plural), read “Italians”

Example:

• LEI Ѐ ITALIANA- SHE'S ITALIAN
• LORO SONO ITALIANE- THEY ARE ITALIAN

Similarly:

• RUSSO- RUSSIAN (masculine, singular)
• RUSSI- RUSSIANS (masculine, plural)
• RUSSA- RUSSIAN (feminine, singular)
• RUSSE- RUSSIANS (feminine, plural)
• LORO SONO RUSSE- THEY ARE RUSSIAN (WOMEN)
• LIBRO- BOOK
• LIBRI- BOOKS
• CASA- HOUSE
• CASE- AT HOME

In this case, the rule applies if in Italian the singular noun ends in “O” ( LIBRO), then its plural will be formed by replacing "O" with "I" ( LIBRI). This ending is a sign of the masculine gender of a noun.

Feminine nouns end in "A" ( CASA). In this case, the plural is formed by replacing "A" with "E" ( CASE).

Application of the studied material

Let's supplement the list of our verbs with the word LIKE:

• MI PIACE- I LIKE, it reads “Pyache”
• TI PIACE- YOU LIKE IT

The connective can be used with the particle NON:

• NON MI PIACE- I DON'T LIKE

Example:

• MI PIACE CUCINA ITALIANA- I LIKE ITALIAN CUISINE, the cuisine is read as “Cucina”.

A few nouns to help you talk about your family:

• FIGLIO- SON (“Filyo”)
• FIGLI- SONS (“Fili”)
• FIGLIA- DAUGHTER (“Filya”)
• FIGLIE- DAUGHTERS (“Filje”)
• AMICA- GIRLFRIEND (“Amika”)
• AMICHE- GIRLFRIENDS (“Amike”)

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This site is dedicated to self-learning Italian from scratch. We will try to make it the most interesting and useful for everyone who is interested in this beautiful language and, of course, Italy itself.

Interesting about the Italian language.
History, facts, modernity.
Let's start with a few words about the modern status of the language; it is obvious that Italian is the official language in Italy, the Vatican (simultaneously with Latin), in San Marino, but also in Switzerland (in its Italian part, the canton of Ticino) and in Several districts in Croatia and Slovenia, where a large Italian-speaking population lives, Italian is also spoken by some of the residents on the island of Malta.

Italian dialects - will we understand each other?

In Italy itself, even today you can hear many dialects, sometimes it is enough to travel only a few tens of kilometers to encounter another of them.
Moreover, dialects are often so different from each other that they can seem like completely different languages. If people from, for example, the northern and central Italian “outback” meet, they may not even be able to understand each other.
What is especially interesting is that some dialects, in addition to the oral form, also have a written form, such as the Neopolitan, Venetian, Milanese and Sicilian dialects.
The latter exists, accordingly, on the island of Sicily and is so different from other dialects that some researchers distinguish it as a separate Sardinian language.
However, in everyday communication and, especially, in large cities, you are unlikely to experience any inconvenience, because... Today, dialects are spoken mainly by older people in rural areas, while young people use the correct literary language, which unites all Italians, the language of radio and, of course, television.
It may be mentioned here that until the end of the Second World War, modern Italian was only a written language, used by the ruling class, scientists and in administrative institutions, and it was television that played a big role in the spread of the common Italian language among all inhabitants.

How it all began, origins

The history of the formation of modern Italian, as we all know it, is closely connected with the history of Italy and, of course, no less fascinating.
Origins - in Ancient Rome, everything was in the Roman language, commonly known as Latin, which at that time was the official state language of the Roman Empire. Later, from Latin, in fact, the Italian language and many other European languages ​​arose.
Therefore, knowing Latin, you can understand what a Spaniard is saying, plus or minus a Portuguese, and you can even understand part of the speech of an Englishman or a Frenchman.
In 476, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, abdicated the throne after the capture of Rome by the German leader Odocar, this date is considered the end of the Great Roman Empire.
Some also call it the end of the “Roman language”, however, even today disputes still rage as to why exactly the Latin language lost its relevance, because of the capture of the Roman Empire by barbarians or was it a natural process and in what language? spoken towards the end of the Roman Empire.
According to one version, in ancient Rome by this time, along with Latin, the spoken language was already widespread, and it is from this popular language of Rome that the Italian that we know as Italian of the 16th century comes from, according to the second version, in connection with the invasion of the barbarians Latin mixed with various barbarian languages ​​and dialects, and it is from this synthesis that the Italian language originates.

Birthday - first mention

The year 960 is considered the birthday of the Italian language. This date is associated with the first document where this “proto-folk language” is present - vulgare, these are court papers related to the land litigation of the Benedictine Abbey, witnesses used this particular version of the language so that the testimony was as clear as possible more people, until this moment in all official papers we can only see Latin.
And then there was a gradual spread in the ubiquitous life of the language vulgare, which translates as the people's language, which became the prototype of the modern Italian language.
However, the story does not end there, but only becomes more interesting and the next stage is associated with the Renaissance and with such well-known names as Dante Alighiere, F. Petrarch, G. Boccaccio and others.
to be continued...

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If you need to translate a couple of words or a short phrase from Russian to Italian or vice versa, you can use the little translator on the sidebar of the blog.
If you want to translate large text or need other languages, use full version online dictionary, where there are more than 40 languages ​​on a separate blog page - /p/onlain-perevodchik.html

Italian language tutorial

I present a new separate section for all students of the Italian language - Italian language self-instruction manual for beginners.
Making a blog into a full-fledged Italian tutorial is, of course, not easy, but I try to give the most convenient and logical sequence of interesting online lessons so that you can learn Italian on your own.
There will also be a section - an audio tutorial, where, as you might guess, there will be lessons with audio applications that can be downloaded or listened to directly on the site.
How to choose an Italian language tutorial, where to download it, or how to study it online, you will find information about this in my posts.
By the way, if anyone has ideas or suggestions on how best to organize such a tutorial on our Italian blog, be sure to write to me.

Italian on Skype

Secrets of how you can learn Italian on Skype for free, whether you always need a native speaker, how to choose a teacher, how much it costs to learn Italian via Skype, how not to waste your time and money - read about all this in the section “Italian language on Skype.”
Come in, read and make the right choice!

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