The term "PUP"

POP is the abbreviated name for the bottomhole formation zone. The bottomhole formation zone is a section of the formation that is adjacent to the wellbore and within which the filtration properties of the productive formation change during construction, operation and repair of the well. The reasons that lead to changes in the characteristics of the near-wellbore zone of the formation include the following: redistribution of stress in the near-wellbore part, various physical and chemical effects of various process fluids, as well as various processes that are caused by operating modes and conditions. The dimensions, configuration, as well as the hydrochemical properties of the bottomhole zone of the formation change during the entire period of the well's existence. They affect the hydraulic connection of the well with the EOR and very often affect its productivity.

The configuration of the formation zone with changed characteristics in the near-wellbore part does not have any geometric shape. Its morphology is very diverse and complex, especially for fractured-pore and fractured reservoirs. Thanks to hydrodynamic studies of wells, it is possible to obtain a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the properties of the bottomhole formation zone, as well as determine hydraulic resistance. In the course of such studies, data is obtained on the size of the equivalent, rather than actual, circular zone. Thus, the dimensions of the formation zone are measured from fractions to several tens of meters. Sometimes you can observe the separation of the formation and the well, both during construction, as well as during repairs and operation. As a result, when tested, such objects may not produce products. To prevent a reduction in the filtration properties of the bottomhole formation zone, a number of measures are carried out that reduce the pressure on the formation during drilling, as well as during well casing and repair. Process fluids or compositions that are compatible with the formation rock or fluids saturating it can also be used. When influencing the bottom-hole zone, various methods increase or restore its filtration properties. The maximum effect can be achieved with a complex effect on PNP.

Polyneuropathy (PSP) is a common, frequently occurring disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It manifests itself as changes in sensitivity, decreased strength, pain in the arms and legs, and trophic disorders. PSP brings a lot of suffering, is difficult to treat, and is often chronic and progressive.
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What is the peripheral nervous system?

The PNS is part of the nervous system, which is formed by longreeds of nerve cells (neurons). Theirbodies are in nucleispinal cord and brain stem. Once the processes leave the dura mater, they are considered peripheral nerve fibers. These long fibers are joined by autonomic ones, they intertwine and form the peripheral nerves (PNS).

In polyneuropathy (PNP), distant areas of the peripheral nerves are affected. Accordingly, changes are observed in the distal parts of the lower and upper extremities. They are affected diffusely, symmetrically (left and right).

Symptoms of polyneuropathy

Polyneuropathy manifests itself as a complex of sensory, motor and autonomic problems. Symptoms can be isolated, but more often, they are in various combinations and have a degree of severity - from minor to pronounced.
The main manifestations of PSP include pain, loss or decreased reflexes, weakness in the arms and legs, changes in sensitivity in the extremities, and autonomic disorders.

Depending on the course, the process can be acute, subacute and chronic.
Depending on the etiological origin, PSP is divided into 2 groups - primary and secondary.

Primary ones arise as a result of direct damage to the nerves. These PSPs are traumatic, hereditary and with an unknown cause (idiopathic).
Secondary polyneuropathies are much more common than primary ones. They are formed as a result of diseases, the pathogenesis of which is not associated with the nervous system. Or due to various intoxications, infections.

Diseases in which secondary polyneuropathies develop include diabetes mellitus (most often), diffuse damage to connective tissue, and oncological processes.
Intoxication can be alcoholic (most often), medicinal, caused by exposure to various toxic substances, heavy metals, or due to infectious nerve damage.

Due to numerous reasons, polyneuropathy affects the axial cylinders of peripheral fibers. This is the main part of the nerve. They are long processes of neurons located in the spinal cord. The processes are called axons and dendrites. Some axons reach very long lengths - up to one meter. The axial cylinder contains axoplasm. An axoplasmic current (impulse) flows through it. Many metabolic and toxic ASPs are associated precisely with disturbances of the axoplasm and this axoplasmic flow.

But, no less often, myelin sheaths also suffer as a result of polyneuropathy. They are formed by Schwann cells. These cells contain a substance called myelin. A single Schwann cell curls around the axon, enveloping it, like the insulating material of an electrical wire.

Between the cells there are areas that are not protected by them and are unmyelinated. The unmyelinated segment is called Rvanje's node. The current along the axon propagates in “jumps” from one interception to the next. Thanks to the stick-slip flow, very high speed his promotion.

Disruption of the myelin sheath during PSP leads to difficulty conducting impulses. Promotes motor and sensory disorders.
With polyneuropathy, most often, a combined lesion of both the nerve trunk itself and its sheath is observed.

Pain syndrome

Pain is the most important symptom of polyneuropathy, frequent and significant. It becomes the predominant complaint of patients and significantly affects the quality of life. Polyneuropathic pain is poorly treated and is often resistant to traditional analgesics.
The nature of the pain can be varied, depending on the severity of the process and the caliber of the affected fibers. It has a burning, persistent character. Starts from the feet (sole), then spreads proximally (up the legs).

Pain occurs spontaneously (on its own), or is caused in response to various stimuli. And it is called accordingly - spontaneous or caused.
Spontaneous appears at rest, intensifies at night, disrupts sleep.

Caused by external irritations. This is hyperalgesia. In hyperalgesia, an intense pain response that is inadequate to the stimulus occurs in response to a weak painful stimulus.
Also, with PSP, allodynia may be observed. It is characterized by the fact that non-painful stimuli - touch, stroking, light pressure, normal movement, minor temperature effects - cause an intense pain reaction and also bring enough suffering to a person.
Hyperalgesia and allodynia can reach such a degree of intensity that the patient often finds it difficult to tolerate the touch of a blanket or even a sheet.

But subsequently, hypoesthesia (reduced sensitivity) begins to progress. It also develops from the distal parts of the feet and hands. Areas of hyperalgesia (increased pain sensitivity) with the development of reduced sensitivity shift upward (proximally). And hypoesthesia spreads along the tracks of the territory of former pain zones.
In chronic polyneuropathies, as the process progresses and the area of ​​other symptoms expands (sensory, trophic, motor), the pain may regress, but not always.

Conventionally, neuropathic pain is divided into 2 main groups:
superficial, burning, reminiscent of a skin burn, accompanied by hyperalgesia (with damage mainly to thin fibers)
deep, aching pain, sometimes it has a cramp-like (like cramps) character - when thick fibers are involved in the process.

In isolated form, these types of pain are rare. One type of it usually simply significantly prevails over the other.
What is characteristic and dangerous for long-lasting pain is that, due to increased impulses from the suffering nerves, a functional restructuring of neurons occurs at the level of the spinal cord and brain stem. This process is associated with the special plasticity of the nervous system.

Therefore, the pain syndrome of PSP may not be reduced by the use of conventional analgesics. This creates certain difficulties in its treatment.
The mechanisms of this process have not yet been fully studied.

Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy

This is a rare, progressive, genetically determined, degenerative polyneuropathy. It occurs due to a mutation in the transthyretin protein, which transports vitamin A and thyroid hormones.

In the first years of the disease, the manifestations of neuropathy are insignificant and have little effect on the quality of life, but, from year to year, gradually increasing, they lead to severe motor, sensory and autonomic disorders.
Therefore, it is important to diagnose at an early stage of the disease and begin treatment as early as possible.

To clarify the diagnosis, DNA analysis is performed. You can do it for free at the Center for Molecular Genetics in Moscow. A referral should be obtained from your attending physician.

Restless legs syndrome


In middle and old age, there is a condition associated with unpleasant pain in the legs. Pain occurs in the feet and legs.

Pain has a daily rhythm of its occurrence. It appears in the evening, at rest, when a person is ready to sleep. The condition is alleviated and the pain decreases when moving the legs. Patients bend and straighten their limbs, rub and massage them, walk around the room, and cannot sleep.
Therefore, this condition is figuratively called “restless legs syndrome” (RLS). By morning the pain goes away, a person can forget about it, but before going to bed the problem arises again and again. C "restless legs syndrome" often begins Parkinson's disease , but a significant part of its cases is associated with polyneuropathies of various etiologies.

Thus, polyneuropathy is a complex problem, has many causes for its occurrence, is often chronic and progressive in nature, and requires mandatory consultation with a doctor at the initial stage of its occurrence.
Treatment of polyneuropathy

Today I will tell you what PnP is. All or almost all board game lovers come across this term. Some people ignore this concept, some delve into it, but leave it without much attention, and some plunge into PnP headlong. This happens for a number of reasons, which I will discuss in future publications.

So what is PnP? PnP from English "Print and Play", which means "Print and Play", aka "Samizdat". It's nothing more than making board games with your own hands. As I said, there are many reasons for making your own board games:

- reluctance to spend money for expensive games;
- inability to buy any games in your region due to non-delivery to stores or due to games going out of sale;

I myself have encountered this many times when I liked a game, but it was no longer on sale. I even had to contact the publishers and ask how things were going with the game, but received a polite refusal that the game was out of print forever, look for used copies, etc.

- just a hobby- independent production of board games.

I understand that making games with your own hands is comparable to piracy, but sometimes circumstances force it. And in general, I like to cut, glue, and laminate things. I immediately remember my childhood, when during labor lessons at school and in kindergarten we also did needlework and appliqué. This calms me down a little, distracts me from the hustle and bustle, and has a calming effect on me.

It must be noted that PnP will never be able to replace the original game. If you think that you can independently surpass the quality that various publishers offer us, then you are greatly mistaken. Yes, if the game is based on cards alone, then you can make good quality cards yourself at a meager price and play such a game, but if the game contains a lot of small cardboard parts, for example, coins, tokens, etc., then you will make friends for a long time with scissors and you'll give your fingers a great workout. The quality can be quite passable, but it will require sacrifice. But if the game contains figures and chips, then this will be an ambush: somehow you can reproduce simple men from, but it will be difficult and almost impossible to make figures from games such as Lords of Xidit, Andor, etc.

I will not dwell on the fact that to make games you will need both tools and consumables. They may be different for everyone, in subsequent articles I will tell you what I use and what it all looks like. It will be interesting, don't miss it.

In general, we have understood what is PnP- this is the independent production of board games, also known as Samizdat, Print-and-Play. We looked at why people do PnP and what approximate difficulties may arise.

Each of us chooses for ourselves priorities and ways to solve certain difficulties. I do not encourage anyone to only print PnP or only buy original games. In various situations, you need to make an appropriate decision. I know many people who fundamentally do not do PnP and actively encourage people to buy games, and I also know people who, for the most part, just print everything themselves: cards, figures, and even make boxes for games. From start to finish, as they say.

So, about PnP and the original games.

Play games, discover new worlds, dive into the unknown!

A PNP transistor is an electronic device, in a certain sense the inverse of an NPN transistor. In this type of transistor design, its PN junctions are opened by voltages of reverse polarity with respect to the NPN type. IN symbol instrument, the arrow, which also determines the emitter terminal, this time points inside the transistor symbol.

Device design

The design circuit of a PNP-type transistor consists of two regions of p-type semiconductor material on either side of a region of n-type material, as shown in the figure below.

The arrow identifies the emitter and the generally accepted direction of its current ("inward" for a PNP transistor).

The PNP transistor has very similar characteristics to its NPN bipolar counterpart, except that the directions of currents and voltage polarities in it are reversed for any of the possible three connection schemes: common base, common emitter and common collector.

The main differences between the two types of bipolar transistors

The main difference between them is that holes are the main current carriers for PNP transistors, NPN transistors have electrons in this capacity. Therefore, the polarities of the voltages supplying the transistor are reversed, and its input current flows from the base. In contrast, with an NPN transistor, the base current flows into it, as shown below in the circuit diagram for connecting both types of devices with a common base and a common emitter.

The operating principle of a PNP-type transistor is based on the use of a small (like the NPN-type) base current and a negative (unlike the NPN-type) base bias voltage to control a much larger emitter-collector current. In other words, for a PNP transistor, the emitter is more positive with respect to the base and also with respect to the collector.

Let's look at the differences between the PNP type in the connection diagram with a common base

Indeed, it can be seen that the collector current IC (in the case of an NPN transistor) flows from the positive terminal of battery B2, passes through the collector terminal, penetrates into it and must then exit through the base terminal to return to the negative terminal of the battery. In the same way, looking at the emitter circuit, you can see how its current from the positive terminal of battery B1 enters the transistor through the base terminal and then penetrates into the emitter.

Thus, both the collector current I C and the emitter current I E pass through the base terminal. Since they circulate along their circuits in opposite directions, the resulting base current is equal to their difference and is very small, since IC is slightly less than I E. But since the latter is still larger, the direction of flow of the difference current (base current) coincides with I E, and therefore a PNP-type bipolar transistor has a current flowing out of the base, and an NPN-type one has an inflowing current.

Differences between PNP type using the example of a connection circuit with a common emitter

In this new circuit, the base-emitter PN junction is biased by battery voltage B1 and the collector-base junction is reverse biased by battery voltage B2. The emitter terminal is thus common to the base and collector circuits.

The total emitter current is given by the sum of two currents I C and I B; passing through the emitter terminal in one direction. Thus, we have I E = I C + I B.

In this circuit, the base current I B simply “branches off” from the emitter current I E, also coinciding with it in direction. In this case, a PNP-type transistor still has a current flowing from the base I B, and an NPN-type transistor has an inflowing current.

In the third of the known transistor switching circuits, with a common collector, the situation is exactly the same. Therefore, we do not present it in order to save space and time for readers.

PNP transistor: connecting voltage sources

The base-to-emitter voltage source (V BE) is connected negative to the base and positive to the emitter because the PNP transistor operates when the base is biased negatively relative to the emitter.

The emitter supply voltage is also positive with respect to the collector (V CE). Thus, with a PNP-type transistor, the emitter terminal is always more positive in relation to both the base and collector.

The voltage sources are connected to the PNP transistor as shown in the figure below.

This time the collector is connected to the supply voltage VCC through a load resistor, R L, which limits the maximum current flowing through the device. A base voltage VB, which biases it negatively relative to the emitter, is applied to it through a resistor RB, which again is used to limit the maximum base current.

Operation of a PNP transistor stage

So, to cause base current to flow in a PNP transistor, the base must be more negative than the emitter (current must leave the base) by about 0.7 volts for a silicon device or 0.3 volts for a germanium device. The formulas used to calculate base resistor, base current or collector current are the same as those used for an equivalent NPN transistor and are presented below.

We see that the fundamental difference between an NPN and a PNP transistor is the correct biasing of the pn junctions, since the directions of the currents and the polarities of the voltages in them are always opposite. Thus, for the above circuit: I C = I E - I B, since the current must flow from the base.

Generally, a PNP transistor can be replaced with an NPN one in most electronic circuits, the only difference is the polarity of the voltage and the direction of the current. Such transistors can also be used as switching devices, and an example of a PNP transistor switch is shown below.

Transistor characteristics

The output characteristics of a PNP transistor are very similar to those of an equivalent NPN transistor, except that they are rotated 180° to allow for reverse polarity of voltages and currents (the base and collector currents of a PNP transistor are negative). Similarly, to find the operating points of a PNP transistor, its dynamic load line can be depicted in the third quarter of the Cartesian coordinate system.

Typical characteristics of the 2N3906 PNP transistor are shown in the figure below.

Transistor pairs in amplifier stages

You may be wondering what is the reason to use PNP transistors when there are many NPN transistors available that can be used as amplifiers or solid state switches? However, the presence of two various types transistors - NPN and PNP - provides great advantages when designing power amplifier circuits. These amplifiers use “complementary” or “matched” pairs of transistors (representing one PNP transistor and one NPN transistor connected together, as shown in the figure below) in the output stage.

Two corresponding NPN and PNP transistors with similar characteristics, identical to each other, are called complementary. For example, TIP3055 (NPN type) and TIP2955 (PNP type) are good example complementary silicon power transistors. They both have gain direct currentβ=I C /I B matched within 10% and high collector current of around 15A, making them ideal for motor control or robotic applications.

In addition, class B amplifiers use matched pairs of transistors in their output power stages. In them, the NPN transistor conducts only the positive half-wave of the signal, and the PNP transistor only conducts its negative half.

This allows the amplifier to pass the required power through the speaker in both directions at a given power rating and impedance. As a result, the output current, which is usually on the order of several amperes, is evenly distributed between the two complementary transistors.

Transistor pairs in electric motor control circuits

They are also used in H-bridge control circuits for reversible DC motors, which make it possible to regulate the current through the motor evenly in both directions of its rotation.

The H-bridge circuit above is so called because the basic configuration of its four transistor switches resembles the letter "H" with the motor located on the cross line. The transistor H-bridge is probably one of the most commonly used types of reversible DC motor control circuit. It uses “complementary” pairs of NPN and PNP transistors in each branch to act as switches to control the motor.

Control input A allows the motor to run in one direction, while input B is used for reverse rotation.

For example, when transistor TR1 is on and TR2 is off, input A is connected to the supply voltage (+Vcc), and if transistor TR3 is off and TR4 is on, then input B is connected to 0 volts (GND). Therefore, the motor will rotate in one direction, corresponding to the positive potential of input A and the negative potential of input B.

If the switch states are changed so that TR1 is off, TR2 is on, TR3 is on, and TR4 is off, the motor current will flow in the opposite direction, causing it to reverse.

By using opposite logic levels "1" or "0" on inputs A and B, you can control the direction of rotation of the motor.

Determining the type of transistors

Any bipolar transistors can be thought of as consisting essentially of two diodes connected together back to back.

We can use this analogy to determine whether a transistor is a PNP or NPN type by testing its resistance between its three terminals. Testing each pair of them in both directions using a multimeter, after six measurements we get the following result:

1. Emitter - Base. These leads should act like a normal diode and only conduct current in one direction.

2.Collector - Base. These leads should also act like a normal diode and only conduct current in one direction.

3. Emitter - Collector. These conclusions should not be drawn in any direction.

Transition resistance values ​​of transistors of both types

Then we can determine the PNP transistor to be healthy and closed. A small output current and negative voltage at its base (B) relative to its emitter (E) will open it and allow much more emitter-collector current to flow. PNP transistors conduct at a positive emitter potential. In other words, a PNP bipolar transistor will conduct only if the base and collector terminals are negative with respect to the emitter.

Malware, Trojans, bugs - all these words strike fear into the heart of each of us, imagining the breakdown of code, skull and bones. All these malicious programs from the Internet, unfortunately, only prove that for every useful technology there is an equal amount of garbage, which can sometimes have a negative impact on your computer.

Potentially unwanted programs (PUPs) live up to their name: they are programs cluttering up your computer that you want to get rid of. PUPs are similar to malware in that once downloaded and installed, they begin to cause various problems on your computer. Distinguishes PNP from malware only the fact that their downloading occurs with your consent.

The term PUP was first coined as a definition for downloadable adware or junkware, which is different from malware. software. PUPs often consume a huge amount of system resources and are a common cause of slow operating systems. However, they are not harmful or cause harm. However, they often annoy PC users themselves by creating new toolbars in the web browser for some online stores, changing the search engine from Google to Bing without warning, constantly opening pop-up advertising windows, or regularly informing the user about the weather in Swaziland. Some PUPs even behave aggressively, deliberately slowing down your computer in order to later sell you wonderful tools/settings to speed up the system.

Why do PNPs exist? So that "free" software developers make a profit. For example, for every toolbar successfully installed in a browser, a free software developer receives about $2. Some PUPs exist just to make money without even providing you with anything useful.

So, how do you get one potentially unwanted program (or ten at once)?
The behavior of PUPs is usually outlined in the User Agreement: this is that long document that appears as you work your way through all the installation windows, clicking “Agree” and “Accept” to finally get to the end. But this seemingly useless legal section actually lists the intent of the program. For their installation, PUPs require your approval through this “Agree” button. They count on this consent. This protects software developers from any legal recourse. They rely on you to speed through the installation process and expect you not to read the User Agreement, but to immediately scroll down and click the long-awaited “AGREE” button.

So how do they get into your computer?

Imagine receiving a New Year's gift, beautifully wrapped in gift paper. So are PUPs, which are “nicely packaged” in a free download of the free program you want. And this applies not only to small providers of free software. Many big brands are also associated with PUPs, for example:

Another way for PUPs to penetrate your computer is through download portals. You visit these sites to update Adobe products or find a convenient media player. Most portals promise “clean and secure boot" However, it has become dangerous to trust any download portal, because PUPs are already included with software reviews on the site, which is not entirely legal.

We looked at how many PUPs were embedded in the installation of the 50 most popular apps on Download.com. We found that PUPs are included in the installation 31 out of 50 tested apps on Download.com. Cm.:

Still shocked by these results, we decided to look into how the ten most popular download portals (besides Download.com) work to see if any of them were safe to use. We downloaded the ten most popular apps and calculated how much clutter was downloaded along with them. We found that almost every portal contains, at least, one or more PNPs. Cm.:

Problem with the bright green button.

You have finally decided to sort all the photos on your computer. Now they are in different folders, and it is impossible to find a specific photo when you need it. That's why you download special program, which can sort your photos for you and even edit them if you want. Download.com has a list of programs right on the main page. You select the program you need, and a bright green “DOWNLOAD NOW” button appears, separating you from all your photo organization problems. You press the button! Great! There is no more chaos on your desktop. Except that in addition to the photo program, you also downloaded three PUPs.

There are many players involved in the distribution of potentially unwanted programs. As a result, you may encounter what is best described as “Cascading PUPs.” During installation, you may receive not one, but several PUPs in a row - one after the other.

This happens when PUPs are bundled with other PUPs. When you download and install the program you want, you agree to the installation of the PUP toolbar, without even paying attention to it. As a result, one PUP is installed, which will subsequently install other PUPs without your knowledge.

Beware of fake software updates. Most often this happens through temporary websites that have been designed for Adsense. These sites have built-in downloaders that will tell you when it's time to update your Flash player or Java. There are companies that create hundreds of websites every day with only one goal - to mislead you and lead you to their site.

There are quite a few ways how your computer can acquire PUPs. We have collected all the main methods for you. Cm.:

So who benefits from PUP?

Software providers: With each installation, the software provider (seller) receives money from the PUP developers (creators of adware). We provide examples in this article.

Download Portal: this resource, like other portals for downloading software, receives money for embedding PUPs into its setup files(bright green “Download Now” button). The software vendor typically has no part in this and does not benefit from it.

PNP: Some PUP developers work together, installing each other's products and paying each other.

But here it’s already creepy.

Recent developments of PUPs use rootkits - infections that hide themselves, their own data and other files, so that neither the user nor operating system can't notice them. By intercepting and receiving messages from your computer, they forward all the information and reports whenever they want. Use of rootkits in creation and distribution advertising programs blurs the lines between just unnecessary junk and active malware.

This is even more clearly seen in the new PUP known as “More fast internet", which after installation will create a fingerprint of your computer. This information is then sent to the developer's server along with screenshots of your PC's active display and your IP address. Such adware grossly violates your privacy and borders on spyware.

But wait! I see a popup trying to help me! The interactive PUP starts to scare us by showing online advertisements that try to trick us into thinking that our PCs have serious problems. This is done so that you call the specified Customer Service number so that they will scare you even more and force you to buy their services.

Unfortunately, every day there are more and more ways to become infected. And while adware installers remain unregulated, their developers remain unregulated.

PUPs and the antivirus industry
The most frightening thing is that after such large vendors as Oracle (Java) and Microsoft (Bing and Skype) began to include PUPs in their software, ethics in the software industry seemed to be completely lost, because even manufacturers of antivirus programs that include PUPs in their software. We examined free programs from several antivirus vendors. The results are worrying. We found that 7 out of 8 tested free antiviruses went along with the PNP. Cm.:

Emsisoft vs PUPs
The threat situation has changed significantly over the past few years. When the Emsisoft team checked the latest infection statistics, we found that 3/4 of all objects found by Emsisoft Anti-Malware today were PUPs. Behind last years their number has increased significantly. Cm.:

But where there is a problem, there is a solution. We at Emsisoft support high ethical standards, which determine how we handle all threats: we always keep our users in mind. While many antivirus products are unable to detect even the most common PUPs and, even worse,

PNPs account for 79% of infections

And although we do effectively combat PUPs, it is equally important that the user himself can recognize PUPs before downloading them and avoid problems.

So, to summarize:

• PNPs want to make money from you. The most common form is to hijack your browser so they can show you advertisements, monetize or sell your search queries and/or browser behavior, or redirect your home page.
• PUPs use aggressive distribution methods to get onto your computer. In the vast majority of cases, you simply will not know that you are installing a potentially unwanted program.
• Most PUPs do not provide any value or benefit. PUP developers manage to get around this by paying a reward for each new installation of your software to suppliers or distributors of other programs.
• PUPs often end up on your computer through free software providers because they come bundled with some kind of free program. While you are installing this program, you are also installing one or more PUPs without even knowing what you have done. For this, the free software provider receives money from the PUP manufacturer.

So, now you know what potentially unwanted programs are and how they get onto your PC. How to avoid PUP?

• Be careful, use common sense and take your time. Please read the terms or notes carefully before installation. Do not click “Accept” / “Agree” until you are sure that you are really ready to install everything that is mentioned in the User Agreement.
• Use only reliable resources to download: for example, the official website of the product you want to download.
• Avoid downloading from free portals and never download or install an application if it seems suspicious or malicious to you.
• Install, update and run only recognized antivirus programs, such as Emsisoft Anti-Malware, which offers real-time PUP protection.
• Clean up your computer periodically with our free toolkit Emsisoft Emergency Kit.

Happy (PUP-free) day!
Your Emsisoft team