ALIGN="alignment"

BGCOLOR="background color"

COLSPAN="number of cells"

HEIGHT="cell height"

ROWSPAN=" number of cells "

VALIGN="vertical alignment"

WIDTH="cell width"

The ALIGN attribute specifies the alignment of the cell's contents. It can have one of three values: LEFT (left edge), RIGHT (right edge) and CENTER (center). The default is CENTER.

The BGCOLOR attribute specifies the background color for the cell. Its value can be specified in symbolic notation or in RGB format.

The COLSPAN attribute allows you to merge several adjacent cells horizontally. The value of this attribute is the number of cells to be merged.

The HEIGHT attribute specifies the height of the cell in pixels.

The ROWSPAN attribute allows you to merge several adjacent cells vertically. The value of this attribute is the number of cells to be merged.

The VALIGN attribute specifies the vertical alignment of the cell's contents. It can have the following values: TOP (top edge), MIDDLE (middle) and BOTTOM (bottom edge). The default is MIDDLE.

The WIDTH attribute specifies the width of the cell in pixels.

Questions for consolidation.

1. How are paragraphs different from headings?

   What types of lists are there?

   What tags are used to change the font? What is "information"?

4. Homework:

1. Create a table that contains one cell in the first row, two in the second, and three cells in the third.

2. Observe in practice the effect of using different values ​​for the tag's ALIGN attribute .

html tags (8)

I'm currently learning html/css and have noticed that a common technique is to place a generic div container at the root of the body tag:

Is there a good reason for this? Why can't css reference the body tag?

This is one of the biggest bad habits committed by third party coders.

All the answers above me are wrong. The body does take in the width, margins, borders, etc. and should act like your original container. The html element should act as your background "canvas" as it was intended. On dozens of sites I've made, I've only needed to use a div container.

I'd be willing to bet that these same coders using divs containers also litter their markup with divs inside divs - everywhere.

Do not do that. Use divs sparingly and aim for precise layout.

UPDATE - Not sure what's wrong with SO because I can edit this answer from 5 years ago, but I can't reply to comments since it says I need 50 Rep before I can do it. Accordingly, I will add my answer to the answers received here. - = - = -

I just found this, years after my answer, and see that there are some follow-up answers. And of course, are you kidding?

The placeholder site setup you found for my domain, which I never claimed was my markup or style or even mentioned in my post, was very clearly a basic CMS setup with one word of content (he said the same on home page). This is not my markup and style. This was Silverstripe's default template. And I don't take responsibility for this. This is however perhaps one of two examples I can think of that would require a div container.

Example 1: A general template designed to accommodate unknowns. In this case, you see the default CMS template, which has a div inside a div inside a div.

Example 2: Three-column layout to get the footer to clear properly (I think this was probably the scenario I needed the container container to be hard to remember because it was years ago.)

I just created (not finished yet) a theme for my domain and started uploading content. For this easily achieved example of semantic markup, click the link.

Frankly, I'm baffled that people think you really need a container container and start with that before even trying to just create a body. The body, as I heard one of the original authors of the CSS spec once explain, was intended to be a "source container".

The mark should be added as needed, not because it is the way you saw it.

By default, most browsers take the size of the web page. So some page will not display the same in different browsers. So the user's usage may change for a particular HTML element. For example, a user can add the marker, size, width, and height of a specific HTML tag.

Some browsers ( Internet Explorer) do not support certain properties on the body, particularly width and max-width .

The most common reasons for me are:

1. The layout can have a fixed width (yes, I know, I work a lot for designers who like fixed width), and
2. This way the layout can be centered by applying text-align: center to the body and then margin: auto to the left and right of the container div.

I know this is an old question, but I ran into this problem while redesigning a website. Troy Dalmasso got me thinking. He makes a good point. So I started to see if I could get it to work without a div container.

I could when I set the body width. In my case - 960 pixels.

This is the css I'm using:

This perfectly centers inline blocks that also have a fixed width.

Hope this is useful for everyone.

This method allows you to customize all your content more flexibly. Efficiently creating two containers that you can use. An HTML tag that serves as the background, and a div with the ID of the container that contains your content.

This allows you to place content on the page while erasing the background or other effects without hassle. Think of it as a “Frame” for content.

Container divs are very good because if you want the site to be centered, you simply can't do it with just the body or html... But you can, with divs. Why container? It is usually used only because its code must be clean and readable. So this is a container... It contains the entire site, in case you want to fool it :)

Div tags are used to style a web page to make it look visually appealing to the website's users or audience. using a container div in html will make the site more professional and attractive and therefore more people will want to explore your page.

A container is an element of an HTML page that is designed to highlight a specific fragment of it. This could be a paragraph, heading, quote, text fragment, etc. The browser does not highlight the container on the html page in any way.

Using a container, a webmaster can “bind” the desired style to a specific element of an HTML page. In addition, the container provides “binding” of behavior to an element of the html page.

There are two types of containers: block containers and inline containers.

Built-in container is part of a block element of an html page. For example, a block container can be a fragment of paragraph text, a graphic image that is placed in a paragraph, etc.

A paired tag is used to create an embedded container SPAN. The required block element fragment is placed inside the tag SPAN, and the desired style is created in CSS, which is then “attached” to the tag SPAN.

Block containers

A block container is formed using a paired tag DIV and is used quite often. Various block elements are placed in a block container: paragraphs, headings, tables, etc.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. In , I tried to start talking about its principles, but, unfortunately, I had to get very distracted by explaining the basic concepts of webmastering.

I really didn’t want to ignore these fundamental things, and I really apologize to those who already knew all this, but wanted to hear exactly the conversation about and did not hear.

In this article I will try to catch up and improve. I hope that I won’t have to deviate too much from the main topic. Well, we’ll consider the apologies and repentances to be over, and it’s time to finally get down to business.

We create a website layout in 2 columns based on DIV layout

So, in the previous article, we created a TEST folder on our hosting (although for these purposes, see the overview of its capabilities) the TEST folder, in which we placed the two main files of our future layout: Index.html and Style.css. Actually, they will make up our simplest version of the frame.

Again, you will probably have to take a little break from the actual layout, because... not everyone may understand how to create a TEST folder in the root directory located on real hosting. And also what it is - the root of the site and where to look for it when accessing via FTP. But indeed, the question is not trivial for a user encountering hosting for the first time.

So, you will need to first connect via FTP. The details for connecting via FTP should have been provided to you by your hosting provider (read in general, a).

After you connect via FTP (I use the FileZilla program for this purpose - the whole truth has been written about it, and I will tell everything using its example), then in the right window of this program you will see the contents of the directory that the hoster has allocated for your sites , scripts and the like.

But this directory will not be the root folder. The root should contain the Index.php file, as well as all other files and folders of the engine you are using.

A separate directory is used for this purpose, although its name may differ depending on the specific hosting. The structure of internal folders in the main directory (opened when connecting to the site via FTP) may also differ, but the essence remains the same.

For example, you can see the following picture:

You should copy the engine files not to this very top directory, accessible to you via FTP, but to the so-called root folder. How to find out which of the directories present there is the root?

Well, as a last resort, you can ask the hosting owner himself. Well, they are obliged to help you in such matters. But in general, it will most often be called either PUBLIC_HTML or HTMLDOCS.

If you haven’t found such directories, then you need to ask a question to the owner of the hosting, and if something similar is available, then this is the notorious root and it is in it that you will have to create our long-suffering TEST folder, for which I wrote, and you, I hope, read these few paragraphs.

How to create a directory using FileZilla? Yes, very simple. You just need to open the end directory on the right side of the program and right-click on an empty space, and select “Create directory” from the context menu.

Phew, we created a TEST folder in the site’s root directory. And thanks for that. In general, there was no need to bother with this. How so? And like this. The TEST directory could be created in some internal folder of the website, but it would still be easier in the root.

For a local Denver server, you will need to create a TEST directory in the following directory:

C:\server\home\localhost\www\

Instead of drive “C”, you need to specify the drive on your computer where the local server is installed. Then, to view the 2-column layout we are creating based on the Div layout, you need to type the following path in the address bar of the browser:

http://localhost/test/

Damn, if you tell everything in such detail, you will get a small book on block layout, and most of it will be devoted to the basics of webmastering, but I can’t write any other way, I’m used to sorting out all the nuances on the shelves. Don't worry, we're fairly savvy webmasters who are far from new to all this.

Let's continue talking about the layout. In the Index.html file we will define the DIV containers themselves, on which our frame will be built, and in the Style.css file we will describe the position and appearance these DIV containers. This is in a nutshell, but you will see how it will turn out in reality a little later.

In order to observe the results of our work in the browser, we will periodically contact you from address bar browser to the TEST folder located on your hosting or on local server. In the case of a real host, you would need to type something like this in your browser's address bar:

https://site/test

But there are two “buts” here. Firstly, instead of https://site/ you need to enter your URL, and secondly, pay attention to the case of the Latin letters that make up the name of your TEST directory.

If you wrote the name of the folder in capital letters, then in the address bar you need to type the name of the folder in capital letters (I wrote TEST here in upper case, only for the purpose of highlighting it against the background of the rest of the text).

The fact is that on real hosting, in most cases, servers run under UNIX-like operating system, wherein capital and lowercase letters are different(unlike Windows, which we are used to working with).

We begin to layout the website layout in 2 columns on divs

As I already mentioned, first we will try to create a two-column layout, which can be schematically represented like this:

We will place all the elements in one large Div container so that you can change the size and alignment of the entire layout through the properties of this container. Inside the main Div there will be containers responsible for forming individual blocks (header, left column, content area, footer).

We will set their sizes and adjust their positioning on the page with using CSS. So let's get started.

Let's start with Index.html. Open it for editing in an editor convenient for you (I use the best free one for this purpose text editors Notepad++ - ).

In order to get used to the correct design HTML documents, let's immediately write down the standard part (I just stopped at this in the previous article. There will be DOCTYPE () and all the other top tags that the browser, if they are missing, can add itself (they have become smart - it’s scary):

I explained the meaning of all the lines in this code in detail in a previous article (see the link at the very beginning of this publication), so now I’ll focus only on the line:

This line tells the browser where to look and what the name of the cascading style sheet file (it has a CSS extension) is called, which the browser needs to correctly display the design of the future website template we have planned. In our case, it is called Style.css (), and you need to look for it in the same folder where Index.html is located (in fact, in which this line is written).

Why in this same folder? Because if you do not specify any path to the file (indicate only its name), then the browser will look for it in the same directory where the currently executable file is located (in our case, this is Index.html). Those. the absence of a path will be the same as if I had written the path to Style.css in the form:

But the first recording option is shorter and more universal, because the path to the folder with the files is not directly indicated there, which means you can place the Index.html and Style.css files in another directory, access Index.html from the address bar, and Style.css will still be loaded. Read more about relative and absolute links).

In this regard, I would like to note that you don’t have to bother with hosting or a local server at all. Just create on your computer any folder and place our Index.html and Style.css in it. Write in the first of them the path to the Style.css file in the form:

That's all. You should now be able to open Index.html (double-click on it) in your default browser for opening files with HTML extension on your computer, and Style.css will be automatically loaded.

This method is convenient at the learning stage, but still, everything that I told you about working on a real hosting or local server will also definitely be useful to you in the future. And now working from a folder on your computer can be even more convenient than on a hosting. Although, who cares.

We register the required set of blocks in index.html

Now we will need to create four DIV containers for all parts of our 2 column layout (header, left column, content area, footer) and enclose them in one large Div.

The names of these blocks can be included inside Div containers for parts of the layout for clarity. We will write all this between the opening and closing Html Body tags. You will get something like this code in Index.html:

Those. Right after the opening Body tag, we wrote the opening tag of the main Div of the layout container:

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