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Modern information Technology have become widespread in a wide variety of industries and spheres of life. One of them was 3D modeling technology, which is based on the idea of ​​creating a three-dimensional model of an object, that is, a visual three-dimensional image.

Layers of 3D floor.

Today, 3D technologies with all their variety of ideas and possibilities have become a godsend for admirers of non-standard solutions in interior design. An example of the use of this technology is the technology for creating self-leveling 3D floors.

How to make 3D floors - features

How to make 3D floors and what you need to take into account when starting to create three-dimensional images on one's own?

Tools for 3D flooring: 1- squeegee; 2- construction vacuum cleaner; 3- sole with needles; 4- scales; 5- roller; 6- grinder with diamond blade; 7- needle roller; 8- bucket.

First of all, you need to remember that there are always pros and cons that should definitely be taken into account in your work, and the technology for making 3D floors is no exception. The indisputable advantages of 3D flooring are resistance to impact and moisture, long life (up to forty years) and ease of use, the ability to install on any base.

The following unpleasant moments should be highlighted:

• labor-intensive and lengthy installation process, quite difficult to do independently;
• expensive floor installation by a master;
• the impossibility of dismantling such a coating.

After weighing all the pros and cons, you decide to make 3D floors. In this case, you should decide in advance in which room you will have self-leveling 3D floors, what will be used as a 3D image, whether you will do the work yourself or hire a specialist.

In any case, you need to understand that 3D floors are made by going through several very important stages to obtain the desired result. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Purchase and selection of materials

When choosing materials for self-leveling 3D floors, you need to proceed from your existing needs and be sure to pay attention to the packaging indicating the area of ​​application.

3D floors complement and decorate the design of the room.

And to avoid unnecessary financial costs, read the instructions and calculate the total amount necessary materials. Think over the color scheme in advance so that it fits perfectly into your interior. It’s very good to have a list of the required tools and materials in front of you during the purchase so that you can stock up on everything you need. Therefore, you should think about drafting it in advance.

It could be:

• mixer;
• roulette;
• putty knife;
• empty containers

Surface preparation

Depending on the surface on which 3D floors are made, the actions will be different.

Materials for the installation of polymer floors.

1. First of all, you need to remove the baseboards.
2. Further, if you just have a concrete surface, it is enough to treat it with a cement solution; the previously laid linoleum definitely needs to be lifted, while tiles or wood can be left provided that they lie perfectly level. If these coatings have flaws in the form of cracks, they should be covered with putty or sealant.
3. If there are problems with the level in the room, it is recommended to first make a screed, after which the coating should dry for 25-28 days, and only then continue work. In order for the adhesion of the self-leveling floor and the base to be as strong as possible, you need to pre-treat it with a primer sprinkled with fine quartz sand, a layer of which should be applied twice to fill the pores in the concrete.
4. When planning further work, keep in mind that the primer dries from 4 to 24 hours. To eliminate roughness that occurred during preparation, use a grinder.
5. Then, using a powerful vacuum cleaner, clean (or carefully sweep) the floor from existing debris and dust, and remove greasy stains from the surface. Then treat the base with polyurethane impregnation. Remember that the surface to be treated must be perfectly dry.
6. Coating moisture control has great importance, since excess moisture can have a detrimental effect and lead to negative consequences in the form of cracking of the coating. To prevent the composition from leaking out, install slats and cover the walls of the room with damper tape. Having fulfilled all the conditions for the preparatory work, you can move on to the next main stage.

Applying a self-leveling layer

This stage stands out among the rest in its importance, since it requires maximum accuracy and attentiveness. When preparing the solution, you should strictly adhere to the instructions indicated on the packaging and observe the proportions, since even a slight excess of water will lead to negative consequences.

The mixture should be stirred very quickly, and therefore it is not recommended to do it by hand. When working, you must follow safety precautions and wear a mask and gloves.

The pouring process is very labor-intensive, so it is better to do it together, this way you can achieve a more uniform distribution of the composition over the surface.

So, the minimum filling layer is 0.5 cm. If a layer of greater height is needed, then various devices are used to determine it: beacons, a laser, a water level, which are removed after pouring the floor.

Pouring is done one layer after another, in small parts close to each other, this method ensures mixing during the spreading process. In this case, a wide spatula is used to level the composition, and movement is carried out in shoes with spikes.

When the mixture is distributed on the surface, a needle roller with needles longer than the width of the self-leveling floor is used to remove air bubbles from the material.

All of the above pouring operations should be completed within 30-40 minutes, since after this time the floor begins to harden. Once work is completed, prevent drafts or light from shining onto the floor. The approximate curing time is 2 days. After this, you can start decorating.

Sticker of a drawing or photograph: decor

The pre-selected image or photo is printed in a printing house on a special medium, such as vinyl tape. Remember that its dimensions must be larger than the dimensions of the room being decorated. Be sure to specify when printing that a resolution of 1440 dpi is required, and the printing must be done on matte satin.

Stick it on the base, and then treat it with a special solution of methyl alcohol.

It is better to entrust artistic painting to a master. If you want to create yourself, go for it! Just keep in mind that you need to use acrylic or polymer paints.

If you plan to decorate the floor with various decorative elements, then you need to prepare the selected material in advance by wiping the voids in it with plaster and letting it dry completely.

Wait for complete hardening within 48 hours, then pour another layer - 1.5-2 mm - of a transparent polymer composition, roll it with a special roller and wait for the surface to dry (2-3 days).

This layer is only 0.5 mm thick, but is very important as it provides shock resistance and wear resistance.

For this layer, you should take the hardener and resin in a 2:1 ratio, mix so that there are no lumps, or buy a ready-made composition. You should work as quickly as possible and complete it within 40 minutes, then the mixture thickens.

This layer, like the previous ones, is distributed over the floor surface using a notched trowel, and then rolled with a needle roller. If you see that the material is getting stuck, stop rolling. You can admire the final result of your work after 1 week, which is exactly how long it takes for the 3D floor to dry completely.

“What does it cost us to build a house?
Let's draw - we'll live!"

Let's say you decide to create your own computer game. For example, a space arcade. Based on the Mania articles, we made a graphics core based on Genesis 3D, created levels, wrote scripts, composed music, created textures for models of spaceships and asteroids... Stop! But there are no models themselves! And in general, what kind of animals are these - 3D models? What are they eaten with and where are they produced? Since these questions excite the minds of many novice game makers, today we will talk about 3D modeling.
It would seem that everyone knows what a three-dimensional model is. Every daymost of us encounter them, control them or pour lead from multi-barreled guns, and maybe cherish and cherish them ( The Sims). So what is it? From a game developer's perspective, a 3D model is a collection of points in 3D space. Points form spatial polygons - polygons. These are the polygons

Other technologies for creating 3D in games Today, polygons reign supreme in all 3D games. But there are other technologies for creating 3D environments. And who knows which standard will lead tomorrow? Sprites - the most famous “alternative” to polygons. A sprite is a flat picture placed in 3D space. When the camera angle changes, the sprite rotates. In some games, the sprite image changes after a certain angle step. This creates the impression of a three-dimensional object. But when approaching the sprite, it may disintegrate into pixels. Up close, the feeling of three-dimensionality disappears, giving way to disappointment. This is a dying technology. Previously, it was widely used in 3D games (for example, Duke Nukem 3D no polygons - just sprites). Then they tried to use sprites to make only numerous complex objects (trees, grass - this is the standard). Now they are trying to abandon sprites altogether (remember the technology demo from nVidia about a tree with polygonal leaves). Ray Trace - an exotic and dubious technology in which points on the screen are formed by cutting off virtual rays by object frames. This seems to solve the problem with realistic lighting. But the processor resource consumption is colossal. As far as I know, this technology has only been tried in one game - Seed- four years ago, but the project has sunk into oblivion. Today no one is going to revive this technology. Voxel graphics. A voxel is a three-dimensional analogue of a pixel. Everything is built from voxels three dimensional objects. This allows you to get amazing results, especially with biological objects. Quite a lot of games are made using this technology. The most famous - Outcast. This is quite a promising technology. Perhaps voxels will become the successors to polygons. The only problem is that accelerators do not yet support voxels in hardware. NURBS - mathematically calculated three-dimensional plane curves. They allow you to create objects of high complexity (again, mostly biological). NURBS are used in some games, but they will really shine in the future. The main disadvantage is high resource intensity. Don't think that one of these technologies excludes the other. For example, until recent years, the symbiosis of a polygon with a sprite was widespread. Some games combine polygons with voxels (Delta Force, for example). Quake 3 uses NURBS (think flags fluttering in the wind). But already at this stage of technology development it is clear that the future computer games- in voxels and NURBS.

that’s what connoisseurs like to think high-quality image and corrosive game critics in newly released 3D games. In most modern games, all the characters - cars, houses, dogs and cats, stairs and light bulbs, nails and nuclear warheads, butterflies and armored personnel carriers - consist entirely of polygons. There are, however, exceptions (about other methods of graphics output in 3D games read the sidebar ).
Models are stored in special file formats. The most common file formats can be exported by most modern graphics engines (in particular, GLScene And Genesis 3D). Typically, these files store not only data about the object’s frame, but also some Additional Information: texture coordinates, lighting sources, atmospheric phenomena, dummy objects, etc. To create three-dimensional models, special programs are used - 3D editors. One of the most famous and functional 3D editors today is the professional 3D package 3D Studio MAX. Most professional 3D game developers use it. Despite the many possibilities, 3D Studio MAX is quite simple and can be used by amateur designers. And if you are planning to create your own game, I recommend this 3D modeling package to you.
Initially, 3D Studio MAX was intended for creating special effects and computer inserts in modern films and 3D cartoons (who watched "Titan. After the death of the Earth" or Shrek, he will understand me). For example, in the series Star Trek The back decorations inside the ships are not made of cardboard and plastic. These decorations simply do not exist. The premises of the spaceships were modeled in MAX, and then a video sequence of actors filmed against a uniform background was superimposed on them. And space battles were generally entirely modeled in this wonderful program. But later this package found a lot of other uses - from creating intro videos to modeling all objects 3D environments.
But how to use this package in practice? Nothing could be simpler. The program can export three-dimensional objects to the format 3ds, which almost all 3D engines can import. To you All that remains is to model the object in 3D Studio MAX, convert it to 3ds format, load it through the interface of the engine you are using, and freely work with this object in the game itself.

From theory to practice
We don't set ourselves the taskteach you professionalism in MAX, for this there are textbooks that can be bought in a store or downloaded from the Internet. But... almost all “primers” sin with a consistent approach. Often, excessive consistency. You have to study tons of operations that, quite possibly , you will never need it. Especially if you use Maxika only to create model frames in your game. As a result, mastering the tutorial, you will come to creating a simple airplane, at best, in a month and a half from the start of classes. We We suggest you skip all this routine (if necessary, buy textbooks) and go directly to creating models. For example, let's model a space fighter. It could well be used in a space arcade as a “protagonist” or an enemy.
Launch 3D Studio MAX. The main program window will appear in front of you. It consists of a menu, a toolbar (top), an object palette, utilities and modifiers (right), an animation and navigation control panel (bottom right), a status bar and command area (bottom), and four views of the scene from different angles in the center. These four windows show the same three-dimensional area. The first window is a top view, the second is a front view (frontal view), the third is a left view (remember drawing lessons) and the fourth is a free perspective. Working in 3DSM is very similar to working in some graphics editor, such as Photoshop or even Paint, only adjusted for the third dimension.
First, we need a base for a space fighter. This base will serve elementary parallelepiped. To create a parallelepiped, click on the button "Boxing" on the left panel. After that, click somewhere on the perspective view and drag out the rectangle. Release the mouse button and move the cursor up until the parallelepiped reaches the desired height. After that, click again, and the parallelepiped is ready. Perhaps its size and position were not entirely successful, but this can be easily corrected.
To successfully work in Max, you need to master navigation techniques in 3D views. Bottom right there is camera and views control panel. To zoom in or out of the scene image (or zoom in/out - in 3D it all depends on the point of view) use the button "magnifying glass". You can work with a magnifying glass in the same way as in graphic editors- just click on the perspective and move the cursor forward or backward. Brush button serves for panoramic movement of the scene image. Just try it and you will immediately understand what it is. Button with circle and arrows serves to rotate the scene image. To rotate the scene, click on the perspective projection window and move the cursor in the direction where you want to rotate the image. With a little practice, working with these tools is not difficult even for beginners. All these tools work on other species as well.
Now that you are comfortable with navigation, you can begin to transform a simple parallelepiped into a beautiful fighter. To get started, right-click on the inscription "Perspective" and select menu item "Grid frame". This option will temporarily disable shading of planes. It's much easier to work this way convenient. In the left panel, click on the tab "Modifiers"(icon with a half-bent rod). Modifiers - These are analogues of filters in Photoshop, only in a broader sense. They allow you to change the structure of objects. Select our parallelepiped (just click on it). On the modifiers panel, click on the button "Additionally" and select from the list "Editing the wireframe". Scroll down the modifiers panel and click on square button. This will allow you to select not the entire object, but specific planes. Select the front plane of the parallelepiped. Click on the button "Squeeze out", then on the selected plane and, holding the mouse button, drag the plane, then release it. Part of the parallelepiped stretched out, forming a new group of polygons.
On the toolbar, click on the button "Scaling" and drag the selected plane (to do this, drag the cursor from the edge of the polygon to the center). We received a parallelepiped with a narrowed part. Now, repeating the previous steps, draw out the nose of the future fighter and scale the final polygon to a point. We received a blank of the fuselage and nose of the fighter. Then extrude the side polygons of the cuboid from both sides. Narrow them a little and stretch them out again. Then narrow it so that it resembles wings. Select the end polygon of the wing, then click on the button "Move" on the toolbar and drag the wing up. We got a fighter with rollickingly curved wings.
Extend the beveled polygon a little from the top at the base of the nose and narrow it. The result was a cabin. Extend and “flatten” (combining moving and scaling polygons) the back polygon of the parallelepiped twice - you get a tail. The fighter is almost ready. But it is still far from ideal. Once you've mastered the rest of Max's modifiers, you'll be able to model truly beautiful things. But even now something can be done so that the fighter does not seem like a set of boxes. Switch to the first panel tab on the left, then back to the modifiers tab. From the list of modifiers, select "Wireframe smoothing". Set the parameter "Smoothness" about 0.5-0.7. This should be enough. Turn polygon rendering back on. Now all the corners are smoothed out, and the fighter appears more streamlined. But something is wrong with the wings. On the modifier panel, click the button "Subobject". Draw a selection frame on the wing of the fighter. Only the “points” of the wing will be selected. Uncheck "Apply to entire frame" and set the parameter "Smoothness" at 1.0. Now everything is in order. The model is still far from ideal, but it looks good.
All that remains is to apply the texture. Switch to the object creation tab. Highlight the fighter. Press the key M(in Latin layout). The object material editor appears. Click the square button next to the colored rectangle labeled "Scattering". Select an item from the list "Raster drawing". Find and select your texture file. Press the checkered cube button. Then use your cursor to drag the texture from the ball in the upper left corner of the screen onto the object. Close the Material Editor. Add a modifier to the object "UVW Map". The texture has now appeared on the fighter. But she's probably sitting wrong. In the modifier panel, play with the parameters "Length", "Width", "Height", "Offset by main coordinates" and make sure that the texture takes its place.
Now the fighter is ready. You can safely insert it into the game. On the menu "File" select item "Export to other formats" And save the fighter as a file with the 3ds extension. This model can be downloaded through Genesis 3D. This way you can easily create asteroids, weapons, models of enemies and main characters, even special effects (although the principle is completely different). I advise you to learn more about 3D Studio MAX and then your games will be admired. You can do wonders with this package.

Everyone brainiacs, greetings! Unless you've been living somewhere in the middle of nowhere for the past few years, you've probably heard about this cool thing called 3D printing. With it we can print almost anything, provided of course there is a corresponding 3D model. And today we will learn how to obtain such models using a regular camera!

So, to obtain 3D models of the necessary objects there are many brainpower, but the best, of course, is 3D scanning, which, in combination with a good printer, allows you to reproduce any object, from an entire house to an ordinary earring. In addition, the resulting scan can be used as the basis for your future homemade. Just think about what you can do with regular digital photography, and now it can also help you create real three-dimensional objects!

Another nice thing about 3D scanning is that you probably already have the necessary equipment for it, and you probably have it in your pocket somewhere, or you're looking at it (I think as I write this, you've already guessed What is this:)). Yes, this is equipment that allows you to capture the world around you in 3D, a simple camera. And he, coupled with a small amount brain scientists and inexpensive, or even free software, turns into the most versatile 3D printer in the whole world. Meet this brain article and you will learn exactly how to do it!

Step 1: How does it work?

The idea is simple - you need to get quite a lot of photographs of the object you need, while
Every detail of this object must be in at least 3 photos. Next they are loaded into special program, which recognizes individual places of an object, and using trigonometry and “dark magic”, displays their position in three planes. Having recognized a sufficient number of such places (sometimes up to several million), the program can create digital model himself brain object, which you can, for example, surprise your friends with, or embed it in a video game, or send it for 3D printing.

To get suitable photos, you need to practice a little; of course, you don’t need to become a professional photographer, but if your experience in this matter does not go beyond selfies, then it’s worth practicing.

It’s not difficult to work with specialized software, most free packages They do not provide a large number of options, so they are easy to use. More professional versions require time to work with them and material costs to purchase them, but in the end they will pleasantly surprise you.

Step 2: Will my camera work?

Yes. And I say this for sure. Naturally, some cameras will perform better than others. The “ideal” camera will produce crystal clear, crisp, beautifully exposed, undistorted photos. high resolution under any conditions. Unfortunately, there are no such cameras, but that’s it for now. In this brain leadership Several types of cameras were used, and the scans presented are made from photographs taken with each camera.

02/06/15 47.7K

People have long ago learned to depict various objects that are found in everyday life. To accurately convey everything geometric parameters objects, rules were developed for drawing up drawings in which three-dimensional figures are displayed in numerous projections.

For many years, volume was depicted by artists, but the canvas on which the paintings were painted always remained two-dimensional, and the object could only be viewed from one angle. With the development of technology, much more possibilities in the field of modeling have appeared.

Using computer programs, you can build 3D models that more clearly represent objects and even the surrounding space:

The construction of such models will be discussed in this article.

About 3D Models

The concept of 3D, so firmly established in our lives, is an abbreviation for the English 3-dimensional ( in three dimensions). As we know from school geometry lessons, in order for a square to become a cube, it is necessary to add height to the usual length and width, which acts as the third dimension.

You can safely mistake any sculpture for a 3D model, and this genre of art appeared several thousand years ago. Architects very often resort to building models in order to more accurately represent the structure of a building.

IN modern world, where technology simplifies human life every day, computers are involved in 3D modeling. You can literally build three-dimensional images from scratch, guided by approximate data on the visualization of the object ( for example, designing a video game character that has no prototype in the real world). This technique is called computer modeling.

There is also an option to create a 3D model based on numerous photographs of the object from different angles.

3D modeling is used in many areas of human life. Let's list some of them:

• Architecture. No one denies the advantages of mock-ups, however, if the customer suddenly wants to increase the size of the room or add a couple of floors, the architect will have to re-construct the cardboard model. And using computer programs, you can manage it in a few clicks;
• Games and movies. Animation nowadays is beginning to surpass the real world in quality ( watch the movie "Avatar"). Any person can be made into a character in a computer game, transferring all the features of their real appearance into the virtual world;
• Military tactics. 3D terrain modeling helps strategists better plan maneuvers, correlate risks and make the most correct decision;
• Design. Here you can imagine anything: from fashionable dresses and jewelry to room interiors. Since the creator by nature is a very restless and changeable person, before the actual creation, the designer must be 100% sure that he accurately represents the finished product. And 3D modeling is best assistant in this case.

Computer 3D modeling

In order to create a 3D object, you need to use computer program, which will provide the necessary tools and templates for the designer. Let's look at some programs that allow computer modeling.

• Blender. A free 3D editor, any knowledgeable programmer can contribute to its improvement:

The advantages of this software product include cross-platform and low requirements for hardware(gland). Has quite wide ( For free editor ) capabilities, including modeling of moving objects.

• 3ds Max. This editor has extensive functionality, focused primarily on the design of architectural structures and interiors:

Has an impressive number of different add-ons ( including for visualization of natural disasters). For a beginner, unfortunately, the editor is quite difficult to master.

• CINEMA 4D. The program is mainly focused on creating 3D models in games and films, and is surprisingly easy to learn for beginners. Latest version The application was released in 4 versions, each of which is “tailored” for a certain type of 3D development ( animation, design, etc.):

The price of this editor, compared to its competitors, is also pleasantly surprising.

• Maya. The most powerful tool in the hands of a professional that allows you to model almost any object:

Many famous film studios use this editor when creating animation.

3D modeling from photographs

If you need to create a three-dimensional copy of an object from the real world, you should not design everything from scratch, because you can use photographs that clearly capture the main details. In serious projects, professionals use many photographs from different angles for such work, and then, using complex programs, combine the resulting data into one image.

But what if you do not have the necessary experience and knowledge, but want to get, for example, a three-dimensional model of a human head?

Creating 3D models from photographs is possible without special knowledge using easy-to-learn programs. Below are some suitable editors:

• FaceGen Modeller. This program is actively used in developing character faces for low-budget computer games. After the user selects the appropriate parameters for the head and face, a photograph of the person can be “superimposed”:

At the same time, for a good result, you will need 3 images: 2 in profile and 1 in front.

• FaceShop. The editor is used to create 3D faces based on a photograph. After uploading a high-quality image, the user needs to place reference points (tip of the nose, corners of the mouth, pupils):

After the program generates a 3D face, it is possible to further edit and apply filters.

• Strata Foto 3D. The program automatically creates three-dimensional objects based on several photographs:

In this article I will tell you how to make a 3D video that can be viewed with special glasses on any monitor or on a special monitor. A regular 2D video will do, preferably of good quality.

How to make 3D video from 2D

So, first, download a converter program that converts 2D video to 3D. Download link below.

Before you make a 3D video, install the MakeMe3D program that you downloaded and activate it using the key that I gave in the archive. A request for a key appears upon first launch.

After this, the program interface will appear in front of you. Let's look at the basic controls.

Here you can add folders with videos or separate files. You can also add the file directly from DVD disc. A little below these buttons, a list of added files appears in the window, which will be converted to 3D.

Before you make a 3D video, you need to decide on what and with what you will watch it. The format to which you need to convert depends on this. So, MakeMe3D supports the following formats:

• Horizontal and vertical 3D stereo for viewing on special monitors and with special stereo glasses.
• Horizontal and vertical interlaced video.
• Video for anaglyph glasses (with lenses of different colors) - yellow-blue, red-cyan, green-purple. Suitable for viewing on any monitor.

The resulting video formats are selected from this list.

MakeMe3D has a controlled preview that allows you to see the videos that will be converted.

In addition, there is fine settings, which you can experiment with.

Before you make a 3D video, add it to the program, select the required format, make settings if necessary, and click the “Convert” button.

Wait for the process to complete and get the finished 3D video using this link.