At first, the usual PageUp, PageDown, Home, End keys were missing, and in the first days this caused inconvenience, but then, having comprehended the way of the trackpad and tricky keyboard fingertips, you get used to it.

The huge trackpad is really easy to navigate. As usual, one finger moves the cursor. Then the magic of gestures comes into play. Using two fingers you can smoothly scroll the page in all 4 directions - it’s so convenient that I no longer agree to suffer with a small trackpad and capturing narrow scroll bars on a PC. Tapping the trackpad with 2 fingers brings up a context menu similar to the one we are used to seeing in Windows when clicking the right mouse button. There are gestures with three and four fingers, but I won’t look at them here. You can assign to the corners of the screen custom functions- I tried it and turned it off after a couple of days, because they turned on due to careless mouse movements and rather bothered me.

Here are some commonly used hotkeys:

⌘+Space - switch Russian-English (default)

⌘+Q - close the application

⌘+W - close the active window (it’s convenient to close bookmarks in the browser without making a cross)

Ctrl+Space - activate the Spotlight search line (global search for files and their contents)

⌘+F - Search (in applications where it is supported)

⌘+▴ (up arrow) - Home

⌘+▾ (down arrow) - End

Fn+▴ - PageUp

Fn+▾- PageDown

In the Russian layout, you will find a comma and a period under the numbers 6 and 7, while holding Shift.

Letter "ё" - key "\" (above enter)

shift+2 - "
shift+5 - :
shift+6 - ,
shift+7 - .
shift+8 - ;

alt+command+eject - sleep mode;
control+shift+eject - turn off the display (turn off the screen)

Command + Shift + 3

This OS X keyboard shortcut to create screenshot of the entire screen and saving it in PNG format on the desktop. The name of the image is formed based on the date and time the screenshot was taken.

Command + Shift + 4

The second combination allows you to do screenshot of the selected part of the screen. To do this, a pointer appears in the form of a sight with coordinates. After you have selected the area and released the mouse, the finished image is saved on the desktop.

Command + Shift + 4 + Space

If you do not select the screen, but press the space bar, the crosshair will change to a camera icon and you will go to window “photographing” mode. Now you just need to hover your cursor over any window and take a screenshot.

If you hold down Control when taking a screenshot in OS X, the image will not appear on the desktop, but will go to the clipboard. This is convenient for working with temporary images that need post-processing.

And there are dozens of such combinations. And if we talk about various applications, there are much more of them.

Name	Symbol	Key combination
Apple logo		Shift+Alt+K
Copyright sign		Alt+G
Trademark	™	Alt+2
Registered Trademark	®	Alt+R
Dollar	$	you yourself know Shift+4
Cent	¢	Alt+4
Euro	€	Shift+Alt+2
GBP	£	Alt+3
Japanese yen	¥	Alt+Y
Dash	-	Alt+-(minus sign)
Em dash	—	Shift+Alt+-(minus sign)
Ellipsis	…	Alt+; (or three dots)
Mathematical symbols:
More or equal	≥	Alt+.
Less or equal	≤	Alt+,
Approximately	≈	Alt+X
Not equal	≠	Alt+=
Division	÷	Alt+/
Plus/minus	±	Shift+Alt+=
Infinity	∞	Alt+5
Square root	√	Alt+V
Sum	∑	Alt+W
Pi	π	Alt+P
Degree	°	Shift+Alt+8

It is useful to enable the virtual keyboard from the language menu and look at it by pressing alt.

For writing texts in Spanish, German and so on French no need to install a special layout.
For example, Alt-e a = á, Alt e e = é, Alt-n n = ñ, Alt-u o = ö. (You need to hold alt and press “e”, then release both keys and press the desired letter for which you want to place a sign). And so on. The American layout has all sorts of diacritics.

á -> Opt+E, A

é -> Opt+E, E

Special symbols

There are times when it is necessary to enter non-standard test characters. Such as ©, ®, ™.

Or the text may be written in a language that uses diacritics, such as German, French, Danish. To enter various punctuation marks (except for a few standard keys on the keyboard, such as a period or comma), special characters, and diacritics in Windows, use the Alt key in combination with a certain code. For example, an en dash is entered by pressing Alt keys and typing code 0150 (Alt+0150) on the numeric keypad, and em dash- Alt+0151. Herringbone quotes: left - Alt+0171, and right - Alt+0187. In a similar way, you can enter special characters, for example, ©, ®, ° or currency signs: €, £, which are not clearly marked on the keyboard. The method is quite inconvenient, especially if you have to enter a lot of text - you need to have a lookup table at hand. You can use the Character Table program, which is simply not suitable for work when you need to enter a lot of letters with diacritics.

For those running Mac OS X, things are much simpler. Mac OS X uses modifier keys that temporarily change the keyboard layout when you hold them down. A unique feature helps you remember keyboard shortcuts for some punctuation marks and special characters. virtual keyboard. To open it, select Show Keyboard panel from the current layout icon menu. If this command is not in the specified menu, you should launch “System Preferences” and open the “Keyboard” panel. On the "Keyboard" tab, you should check the box next to the "Show Keyboard and Symbols panels in the menu bar" option. (On Mac OS 10.9.x Maverix. For other versions of the operating system, settings for displaying the Keyboard and Symbols panels are located in the Language & Text tab of System Preferences.) After this, the required command will appear in the keyboard layout icon menu.

To enter certain characters, press the Option key and the letter corresponding to this character. Moreover, this works in both Russian and English keyboard layouts, and for each language its own characters will be entered. For example, to enter © you need to press Option+G (Option+P), for £ - Option+3. To enter other characters, you may need to enable additional languages ​​and fonts.

In almost all programs where there is text input, the en dash “–” is entered by pressing the Option +- keys, and the em dash by pressing the Shift+Option+- keys. This applies not only to test editors, but also to layout programs, Skype and browsers.

Or when working on Facebook, you type text in Russian and you need to insert a link to a specific person’s page. To do this, type the @ sign, followed by the person's name without spaces. There is no @ sign in the Russian layout. And for the sake of entering one character, you need to switch the layout? Not necessary. Press the “secret keys” Option+2 and the @ sign is immediately entered. Or you want to add hashtags to your post. To enter the # sign without switching the layout, press Option+3 and enter tags in Russian. It is clear that if you write in Latin, these keyboard shortcuts are not necessary. If you are typing in Hebrew, then to enter these and some others

characters, you must press the Shift key, not the Option key.

Signs on the Russian keyboard while holding down the Option key

Signs on the Russian keyboard while holding down the Shift and Option keys

To enter diacritics and special characters in Mac versions OS X, starting with 10.7 Lion, there are two ways.

In the first, when typing text, just press and hold one letter, for example “a” - a small window will appear with the corresponding diacritics. To select a symbol, press the number written below it.

This technique works in TextEdit, but in text editors NeoOffice or Word is very inconvenient, because when a window with diacritics appears, the letter continues to be typed many times. For this method to work at least somehow, you need to reduce auto-repeat to a minimum in System Settings (Keyboard → Keyboard tab). This technique doesn't work at all in Photoshop or InDesign. The described technique can be turned on and off using a special command in the Terminal program. Those who are not friends with command line, can use the TinkerTool program. Using this program you can configure some parameters in operating system Mac OS 10, which are not in the standard system settings.

Fortunately, it was preserved old method entering diacritics. If you press the Option key while the Keyboard panel is open, five keys will be highlighted in orange (for English). Basic diacritics are written on these virtual keys. When you turn on some languages, such as Azerbaijani or Finnish, the number of keys for entering special characters increases. If you press Option in combination with a specific letter, the sign will appear against the background of a gray or colored rectangle (the color of the highlight depends on the program). Then you need to press the key with the letter, and it will appear with a diacritic on top, and the selection will disappear. For example, to print the letter ú on English keyboard, you should press Option+E, and then u - the letter over which you want to add a diacritic.

Characters on the English keyboard while holding down the Option key

Signs on the English keyboard while holding down the Shift and Option keys

Quotes

In certain programs, such as NeoOffice or InDesign, when correct setting when entering a language using the program, opening and closing quotes-herringbones are entered by pressing the " icon, which is located on the key with the number 2. However, in TextEdit or Skype, despite correct installation replacing quotes in System Preferences on the Languages ​​and Text panel in the Text tab, quotes are displayed not with “herringbones” or “paws”, but with a symbol not accepted in Russian typography - “like this”. In fact, these are not quotation marks, but an inch or seconds symbol, for example, monitor 30", angle 45° 10" 33". Sometimes such a symbol is called universal quotation marks, which is incorrect. Interestingly, even with the correct InDesign settings, some Russian fonts have quotation marks Christmas trees are typed with an inch symbol. This is where modifier keys come in. For example, with the Russian layout, to enter the “ icon, you should press the Shift+Option += keys, and with the English keyboard, the Option +\ keys.

To enter many special characters: mathematical, musical, punctuation, pictograms, currency symbols, and others, use the Symbols panel. The command to display this panel on the screen is located in the menu of the current layout icon. If it is not there, you should check the item Show the “Keyboard” and “Symbols” panels in the menu bar in the Keyboard panel in the system settings. This panel brings together all the characters that are contained in installed fonts. The symbols are divided into categories; if these categories seem small, the list can be easily expanded. To do this, click on the gear in the upper left corner of the window and select Configure list. In the window that appears, select the required items. When a character is selected, the right side of the window displays the font options in which this character appears and its encoding. In Mac OS X Lion, even emoticons - emoji - appeared in the character table. When using the latter, for example, when sending mail to non-Apple devices, emoticons may not display correctly. It's worth noting that different fonts contain different characters. For example, the ⌘ sign is present in the Lucida Grande or Apple Symbols fonts, but it is not in the Baltica font. Therefore, to print some characters you will need to install additional fonts.

Quotation marks are a symbol, a punctuation mark, which must have a pair. It highlights quotes from the general text, words taken from other texts, or segments of words. It is also used to highlight the irony or figurative meaning of a word, its unusualness, or a reference to something.

If the quotation uses another expression enclosed in these symbols, then the latter will be of a different type. For example: I received a telegram: “I’m arriving this evening. I’ll stay at the Troitsk Hotel.”

In punctuation there is several types similar punctuation marks:

• “Christmas trees” or “French” are also typographic;
• “Paws” or “German”;
• “English double” and “single” (this punctuation mark is rarely used in Russian literature and writing).

“Herringbones” are used mainly for printing. “Paws” – in texts written by human hand. There are also “computer” or typewritten ones, in which the design of the opening and closing quotation marks is completely indistinguishable from each other. They are typed using the keyboard on a computer.

IN Microsoft Word French and English are used by default.

How to put Christmas trees, paws and other quotes from the keyboard

There are several ways to put quotation marks on the keyboard of a laptop or personal computer when typing in any version of Word (including 2010/2013/2016) or elsewhere.

"Christmas trees"

In this case, use the key combination “Shift” + “2”. This method will work if the keyboard layout is Russian, and also when you need “Christmas trees”:

There is another method for printing this sign. The method is not often practiced, but it is better to know it too. Change the layout to English and type two letters “ab”, then click on the buttons “ Alt» + « X" You will get the opening symbol, and the opposite one is done in the same way as the opening one, but we write “ bb».

“English”

If we print on English language, then to highlight a word you should use “Shift” + “E”:

<Одиночные угловые>

To make single corner quotes, follow the instructions:

• change the language to English;
• press " Shift" and click on the letter " B"- you get an open corner;
• in order to close it, press " Shift" and click on the button " YU»;
• then we change the layout to Russian and enter the required word between them;
• We continue typing.

Quotes "paws"

This type cannot be set from the keyboard, only using autocorrect or ASCII code. We'll talk about this further.

We use ASCII code

To set such characters, you can use a special table of symbols that are not on the keyboard. Below is a picture and an explanation for it.

To use it you should:

The necessary words are written inside quotation marks.

Symbols in Word

IN word document Quotes can be set in another way. In the “Insert” tab there is an item “ Symbol».

It is located in the upper right corner immediately below the “Equation” item.

To use this method you must:

You can use the symbol table not only in Word; to do this you need to launch START and go to Programs - Accessories - Service. In Windows 10, just find the Standard section in START.

Further use is similar to working in Word.

Quotes in HTML

For html pages separate mnemonics are used:

• “
• » - ";
• &bdquo - „;
• &ldquo - “;
• &rdquo - ";
• &lsquo - ';
• &rsquo - '.

IN HTML language there is one more tag. Thanks to it, all text that will be enclosed inside this tag is surrounded by quotation marks. The tag is a small letter of the Latin alphabet “q”.

And their appearance will be depend on attribute"lang" which will be entered at the root of the HTML component. When the “lang” attribute has the following form – “lang=”ru””, “Christmas trees” will be displayed on the screen in the final document.

Remember that all codes are installed in the hypertext markup location where they should appear in the browser. Many browsers don't support dependence of the output of certain characters on the attribute. It is recommended to use CSS layout.

Using autocorrect - how to change quotes in Word

For such punctuation marks, you can autocorrect so as not to be distracted by switching the keyboard while typing. Autocorrect helps increasing text printing speed. To do this, you need to use the instructions below:

• open a Word page;
• Click on the “File” tab and go to “ Options»;
• in Options, click on “Spelling” and press the “ AutoCorrect options»;
• In the “Auto format as you type” item, which you will see in the window that opens, check the box above the line “Replace straight quotes with paired quotes as you type.”

By default, Pages moves words that don't fit on a line to the next line. Instead, you can set these words to wrap as you type. This setting can be set for the entire document or specific paragraphs. You can also add or remove hyphens from all existing document text or just from individual paragraphs.

Using Smart Dash, you can automatically convert double hyphens (--) to dashes (-) in your document.

You can also set the quote format (such as herringbone, brackets, or double quotes) and use smart quotes to automatically turn straight quotes into herringbone quotes.

Changing automatic hyphenation settings for a document

The hyphenation setting applies to the entire document, except for paragraphs where you specifically added or removed hyphens (see the next task). This setting only affects word hyphenation at the end of a line, but does not affect hyphens that you enter manually.

Add or remove hyphens in specific paragraphs

This setting only affects word hyphenation at the end of a line, but does not affect hyphens that you enter manually.

The hyphens in these paragraphs will not change if you subsequently change the hyphenation settings for the entire document (see the previous task).

Turn Smart Dash on or off

Turning smart dashes on or off does not affect existing hyphens and dashes in the document, only new text.

Select Pages >

Under Formatting, select or clear the Use smart quotes and smart dashes check box.

Convert existing double hyphens to dashes

If your document uses double hyphens instead of dashes, you can quickly replace them with dashes throughout the document or just in specific text.

Selecting a default quote style

You can set the quote style for single and double quotes, which will be used in the document. This setting applies to all your Pages documents, but only to new text. Existing quotes are not changed.

Choose Pages > Preferences (the Pages menu is located at the top of the screen).

Click "Auto-Correct" at the top of the settings window.

Under Formatting, select the Use smart quotes and smart dashes checkbox.

Click the pop-up menus for double and single quotes and choose a style for each quote type.

Changing the style of existing quotes

You can quickly change the style of quotes throughout your document or just specific text.