LED lamps are widely used in household, street and industrial lighting. Their important advantages are efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low maintenance.

A DIY LED lamp will definitely find its application in your home. You will find detailed manufacturing instructions, as well as assembly diagrams, in the presented article.

The basis of an LED lamp is a single-sided semiconductor, the size of which is several millimeters. There is a unidirectional movement of electrons in it, which makes it possible to convert alternating current to permanent.

An LED crystal consisting of several layers is characterized by two types of electrical conductivity: positively and negatively charged particles.

The side containing the minimum number of electrons is called hole (p-type), while the other with big amount These particles are called electron (n-type).

When elements at a pn junction collide, they collide, generating light particles called photons. If you maintain the system at this time constant voltage, the LED will emit a stable stream of light. This effect is used in all LED lamp designs.

Four types of LED devices

Depending on the placement of LEDs, such models can be divided into the following categories:

1. DIP. The crystal is arranged with two conductors, above which there is an enlarger. The modification has become widespread in the manufacture of signs and garlands.
2. "Piranha". The devices are assembled similarly to the previous version, but have four outputs. Reliable and durable structures are most often used to equip cars.
3. SMD. The crystal is placed on top, which significantly improves heat dissipation and also helps reduce the size of the devices.
4. OWL. In this case, the LED is soldered directly into the board, which increases the glow intensity and protects against overheating.

A significant drawback of COB devices is the impossibility of replacing individual elements, which is why you have to purchase a new mechanism due to a single failed chip.

Chandeliers and other household lighting products typically use SMD design.

LED lamp device

The LED lamp consists of the following six parts:

• Light-emitting diode;
• base;
• driver;
• diffuser;
• radiator.

The operating element of such a device is an LED, which generates a stream of light waves.

LED devices can be designed for different voltages. The most in demand are small products of 12-15 W and larger lamps of 50 watt.

The base, which can have different shapes and sizes, is also used for other types of lamps - fluorescent, halogen, incandescent. At the same time, some LED devices, for example, LED strips, can do without this part.

An important design element is the driver, which converts the mains voltage into the current on which the crystal operates.

Much depends on this node effective work The lamps, in addition, are of high quality and have good galvanic isolation, providing a bright constant luminous flux without a hint of blinking.

A conventional LED produces a directional beam of light. To change the angle of its distribution and provide high-quality lighting, a diffuser is used. Another function of this component is to protect the circuit from mechanical and natural influences.

The radiator is designed to remove heat, excess of which can damage the device. Reliable operation of the radiator allows you to optimize the operation of the lamp and extend its life.

The smaller this part, the greater the thermal load the LED will have to withstand, which will affect the speed of its burnout.

Advantages and disadvantages of a homemade lamp

Specialized stores offer a large selection of LED devices. However, sometimes it is impossible to find a device in the assortment that meets the necessary parameters. In addition, LED devices are traditionally high in cost.

Disadvantages of the products include the lack of a warranty from the manufacturer. In addition, if assembled carelessly, such devices may have an unattractive appearance.

Meanwhile, it is quite possible to save money and get the perfect lamp by assembling it yourself. This is not difficult to do and basic technical knowledge and practical skills will be enough.

A DIY LED device has a number of significant advantages over a store-bought analogue. They are economical: with careful assembly and the use of high-quality parts, the service life reaches 100 thousand hours.

Such devices show a high degree of energy efficiency, which is determined by the ratio of power consumption and the brightness of the light produced. Finally, their cost is an order of magnitude lower than their factory counterparts.

DIY problems

The main issues that have to be resolved in the manufacture of LED lamps are the conversion of alternating electric current into pulsating and its leveling to constant. In addition, it is necessary to limit the power flow to 12 volts, which is necessary to power the diode.

To create an LED lamp yourself, you can use parts purchased in specialized stores, or elements from burnt-out appliances

When thinking through the device, you should also solve a number of design problems, namely:

• how to arrange the circuit and LEDs;
• how to isolate the system;
• how to ensure heat exchange in the device.

Before assembly, it is advisable to think through all these problems, taking into account the requirements for a homemade light source.

LED lamp circuits

First of all, you should develop an assembly option. There are two main methods, each of which has its own pros and cons. Below we will look at them in more detail.

Option with diode bridge

The circuit includes four diodes that are connected in different directions. Thanks to this, the bridge acquires the ability to transform the mains current of 220 V into a pulsating one.

This happens as follows: when sinusoidal half-waves pass through two diodes, they change, which causes a loss of polarity.

During assembly, a capacitor is connected to the positive output in front of the bridge; in front of the negative terminal - a resistance of 100 Ohms. Another capacitor is installed behind the bridge: it will be needed to smooth out voltage drops.

Making an LED element

Most in a simple way Creating an LED lamp involves making a light source based on a broken lamp. It is necessary to check the functionality of the detected parts, which can be done using a 12 V battery.

Defective elements must be replaced. To do this, you should unsolder the contacts, remove the burnt out elements, and put new ones in their place. In this case, it is important to observe the alternation of anodes and cathodes, which are attached in series.

If you need to change only 2-3 pieces of the chip, you can simply solder them to the areas where the failed components were previously located.

For complete self-assembly, you need to connect 10 diodes in a row, observing the polarity rules. Several completed circuits are soldered to the wires.

When making a lamp, you can use boards with LEDs, which can be found in burnt-out devices. It is only important to check their functionality

When assembling circuits, it is important to ensure that the soldered ends do not touch each other, as this can lead to a short circuit in the device and failure of the system.

Devices for softer light

To avoid the flickering characteristic of LED lamps, the circuit described above can be supplemented with several details. Thus, it should consist of a diode bridge, 100 and 230 Ohm resistors, 400 nF and 10 μF capacitors.

To protect the device from voltage surges, a 100 Ohm resistor is placed at the beginning of the circuit, followed by a 400 nF capacitor, after which a diode bridge and another 230 Ohm resistor are installed, followed by an assembled chain of LEDs.

Resistor devices

A similar scheme is also quite accessible to a novice master. To do this, you need two 12k resistors and two chains of the same number of LEDs, which are soldered in series, taking into account the polarity. In this case, one strip on the R1 side is connected to the cathode, and the other to R2, the anode.

Lamps made according to this scheme have a softer light, since the operating elements are lit in turn, making the pulsation of the flashes almost invisible to the naked eye.

Materials for making homemade products

In addition to the body, other elements will be required to create the lamp. These are, first of all, LEDs, which can be purchased in the form of LED strips or individual NK6 elements. The current strength of each part is 100-120 mA; voltage 3-3.3 V.

The assembly of some circuits involves the use of additional links, for example, a driver, so the set of components for each specific case is considered separately

You also need 1N4007 rectifier diodes or a diode bridge, as well as fuses, which can be found in the base of an old device.

You will also need a capacitor, the capacitance and voltage of which must correspond to the electrical circuit used and the number of LED elements used in it.

If you are not using a ready-made board, you need to think about the frame to which the LEDs are attached. For its manufacture, a heat-resistant material that is not metal and non-conducting electric current is suitable.

As a rule, such a part is made of durable plastic or thick cardboard. To attach the LED elements to the frame you will need liquid nails or superglue.

Assembling a simple LED lamp

Let's consider the implementation of a lamp in a standard base from fluorescent lamp. To do this, we will have to slightly change the above list of materials.

In this case we use:

• old base E27;
• NK6 LEDs;
• driver RLD2-1;
• a piece of plastic or thick cardboard;
• Super glue;
• electrical wiring;
• soldering iron, pliers, scissors.

Initially, you need to disassemble the lamp. For luminescent devices, the connection of the base to the plate with tubes is carried out using latches. It is important to locate the fastening location and pry the elements with a screwdriver, which will allow you to easily disconnect the cartridge.

The process of assembling a homemade LED lamp is simple. A driver is inserted into the case from the old device, on top of which a board with LEDs is installed

When disassembling the device, extreme care must be taken so as not to damage the tubes that contain a toxic substance inside. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor the integrity of the electrical wiring connected to the base, as well as preserve the parts contained in it.

We use the upper part with connected gas-discharge tubes to make the plate necessary for connecting the LEDs. It is enough to remove the tubular elements and attach the LED parts to the remaining round holes.

To secure them securely, it is better to make an additional plastic or cardboard cover, which will serve to isolate the chips.

The lamp will use NK6 LEDs, each of which consists of 6 crystals with parallel connection. They allow you to create a fairly bright lighting device with a minimum of electricity consumption.

To connect each LED to the cover, you need to make two holes. They should be pierced carefully in strict accordance with the diagram.

The plastic part allows you to firmly fix the LED elements, while the use of cardboard requires additional fastening of the LEDs to the base using liquid nails or superglue.

Since the device is designed to use six LEDs with a power of 0.5 watts each, the circuit must include three elements connected in parallel.

A spectacular lamp can be created using LED strip. This element is inserted into a tube used for fluorescent lighting

In a design that will operate from a 220 V power supply, you need to provide an RLD2-1 driver, which you should purchase in a store or do it yourself.

To avoid short circuit Before starting assembly, it is important to isolate the driver and board from each other using plastic or cardboard. Since the lamp barely heats up, there is no need to worry about overheating.

Having selected all the components, you can assemble the structure according to the diagram, and then connect it to the electrical network to check the glow.

The device, operating from a standard 220 V power supply, has low energy consumption and a power of 3 Watts. The latter figure is 2-3 times less than that of fluorescent devices and 10 times less than that of incandescent lamps.

Although the light output is only 100-120 lumens, the dazzling white color makes the lamp appear much brighter. The assembled lamp can be used as a table lamp or to illuminate a compact room, for example, a corridor or closet.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

In the video below you can see a detailed description of a specialist about self-assembly of an LED lamp:

DIY LED lamps have high technical characteristics. They are almost as good as factory models in terms of qualities such as strength, reliability, and durability.

The assembly of such devices is accessible to almost everyone: to successfully complete it, you just need to strictly follow the diagrams and carefully carry out all the prescribed manipulations.

Perhaps you have already assembled an LED lamp with your own hands and can you give valuable advice to visitors to our site? Or did you have any questions after reading the article? Please leave your comments in the block below.

A 13.5 W LED bulb should have been sufficient to sufficiently illuminate a room of 8 m2. But in reality it turned out that there was not enough light.

The analysis showed that the reason for insufficient lighting with sufficient lamp power lay in the design LED lamps. In its lower part, parallel to the horizon and directed downwards, there were only 36 LEDs, and from the remaining 162 the light flux went to the sides and, in addition, decreased, passing through the frosted glass of the lampshade. Thus, the actual illumination of the floor was equivalent to illumination by an LED directional light bulb with a power of no more than three watts.

Due to the wrong choice of the type of light bulb, insufficient illumination in the kitchen, especially in winter, created discomfort, and the realization came that it was time to replace the light bulb in the chandelier with an LED lamp of a different design.

The search for an inexpensive LED bulb with a power of about 16-18 W with a wide angle of directional warm light was not successful. Due to the installed optics, lamps with powerful one-watt LEDs had a small angle or the base did not fit. And suitable lamps were very expensive. Lamps with low-power LEDs such as LED-Y-SMD352 or LED-Y-SMD5050 were not satisfactory in terms of power.

Since the existing lamp had a large shade, the idea arose to make a powerful LED lamp with your own hands from several low-power ones. As a result, four inexpensive MR16 lamps with a power of 4.5 W were purchased, four sockets with a GU5.3 base were purchased for them, and one powerful lamp was made from them, the glow of which you see in the photo.

The cost was less than $10, and the conversion took several hours. The result was excellent. True, the lamp began to look unusual, as if the past and high-tech were combined. A high-power LED lamp made from several low-power ones has an additional advantage - if one of them burns out, the room will continue to be sufficiently illuminated by the remaining light bulbs; you can easily change the shade of light by installing, for example, two warm light bulbs and two cold light bulbs.

Making a powerful LED lamp

Any work on making homemade products begins with sketch work - measuring the dimensions of parts and, taking into account their overall and connecting dimensions, drawing up a general sketch of the future product.

To make a composite one high-power LED lamp from several low-power ones, you will need a base for an E27 socket with a base from an energy-saving lamp, four MR16 lamps and four GU5.3 sockets for them. You can see their overall and connecting dimensions in the photographs of the sketches.

Next, based on the obtained dimensions of the parts, you need to draw a sketch of the base of the future lamp. A fiberglass plate with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a diameter of 90 mm was chosen as the base. The base can also be made of any metal, for example, aluminum or steel 1 mm thick.

The next step is marking the future base of the lamp. Using a caliper or school compass, a forming line of the base is drawn. Next, in accordance with the sketch, drilling points for holes for sockets for light bulbs and wires are drawn. The base can be given a round shape using an electric or manual jigsaw. The base can also be made into a rectangular shape by cutting it out using metal scissors. After sawing or cutting, sharp edges should be removed using fine sandpaper.

To obtain holes in precisely marked places, it is better to first drill them with a thin drill, for example with a diameter of 1 mm, and then drill them to the desired diameter with a thicker drill.

It was decided to secure the GU5.3 sockets to the base using screws with metric M3 threads. Therefore, holes with a diameter of 2.5 mm were first drilled, and then the threads were cut using a tap.

The holes through which the electrical wires will pass were removed with a larger diameter drill and the sharp edges were removed and chamfered.

The base for the homemade lamp is ready and you can begin installing parts on it. To give the base an aesthetic appearance, you can paint it or cover it with film.

The easiest way is to cover the base with self-adhesive aluminum foil. I didn’t have a strip wide enough, and that’s why I ended up with a seam. If you don’t have foil covered with a sticky layer, you can use glue, for example, “Moment,” to glue ordinary aluminum foil, which is used for household needs, or a chocolate bar wrapper.

Plinth from the base energy saving lamp E27 is attached to the base using two corners with metric screws, bent at right angles from strips that clamp the power cable in Soviet-style C1-b electrical plugs. Corners can be made by cutting strips of steel sheet 1-2 mm thick, and use self-tapping screws as fasteners.

To ensure that the base of the energy-saving lamp does not spoil the insulation of the wires coming from the GU5.3 sockets, samples were made on four sides using a round file.

The first to be installed and secured onto the base of the future composite lamp are the GU5.3 electric sockets. The wires coming out of the sockets were quite long. I did not shorten them, since there was enough space for laying the wires in the base from the energy-saving lamp.

Next, one wire coming from each cartridge is twisted together. The remaining four wires from the cartridges are also twisted together. The resulting twists are soldered using a soldering iron with tin-lead solder. If soldering is not possible, the connection can be made using a terminal block.

It remains to lay out the wires in a spiral and connect their ends with the ends of the wires connected to the base of the energy-saving lamp. The color marking of the wires does not matter in this case.

The twisted wires coming from the sockets and the base are placed coaxially overlapping each other and secured with a drop of solder. A piece of vinyl chloride tube is put on the place of soldering for insulation.

All that remains is to thread the wires into the base of the energy-saving lamp and secure it to the base of the lamp with two screws. The new composite lamp is ready and can be screwed into the lamp socket and installed in GU5.3 LED bulb sockets.

Tests have shown that the LED bulbs in the sockets are held with sufficient force. But the possibility of them falling out still existed. Therefore, to securely fasten them, a threaded stand was additionally installed in the center of the base.

After installing the LED bulbs, a large washer was secured to the stand using an M3 screw, which pressed the bulbs by the edges to the sockets and prevented them from spontaneously slipping out over time. Instead of a washer, you can attach, for example, frosted glass to a stand to obtain softer light or a decorative decoration.

The photo shows a self-made high-power LED light bulb made from four low-power ones. The photo of the lamp was taken from the base side. The lamp somehow reminds me of a modern spacecraft.

And this photo shows the view of a homemade lamp made from four low-power MR16s from their installation side.

Everyone who knew me saw a lamp with a modernized lamp was surprised at the wonder and noted the excellent illumination that the light bulbs provided in the kitchen. Although, when coming up with this design, I had a good idea of ​​what would ultimately turn out, but the result exceeded all my expectations. It turned out much more interesting.

The proposed technology for manufacturing an LED lamp can be used to manufacture an adapter in order to be able to install a light bulb in a lamp with a type of base different from the type of lamp socket.

A year ago I ordered one-watt LEDs for my creativity. So I decided to put an LED light bulb into a table lamp. If anyone is interested, let's go.
LEDs at that time were a little more expensive. Today I saw a price of 7.67 per hundred.
The LEDs came in a standard package with a bubble wrap inside. Everything was packed to the highest class. I don't see any point in showing the unpacking.
All characteristics are written on the package. How we missed such toys in childhood!


Exactly 100pcs.
Now let's get down to business. I decided to experiment (implement it in life, so to speak).
I took a faulty energy saver. He carefully took out all the giblets from it.


In our city, we now have special containers for collecting and recycling energy-saving lamps. This is a good thing, because they (light bulbs) contain mercury salts. Be careful when disassembling.
I cut a circle with a diameter of about 10 cm from an aluminum (painted white) blank. It will be a kind of radiator. I cut out the same circle from foil getinax. I once had a lot of this stuff.


I drilled twelve holes in the PCB for LED eyes. I will solder it to the board a little inside out, as if inside out. This will make it easier to press them against the radiator.


I didn't bother with etching the board. I just made cuts in the foil where needed. It didn't turn out very nicely. But the beauty will not be visible. The main thing is that it is reliable.
With this arrangement, all LEDs are connected in series. If anyone needs a different connection diagram, they will have to make one more cut and place a jumper in a different place.
For better heat dissipation, each LED was lubricated with KPT-8 paste.


Now I press this entire structure against an aluminum disk.


Before all these operations, I painted the textolite on the visible side with nickel.


There are just two holes left for attaching to the energy saver.


This is what happened.

You just need a driver to make it light up.
The easiest way is to buy.
The driver can be applied from this review. The driver is good and the review too.

Since the driver is designed for voltages up to 18V and current 300mA, the LEDs will have to be connected in two parallels, 6 LEDs each. The LEDs will operate at 50% of the nominal (current 150mA in each parallel). But at the same time, their efficiency will increase by 1.5 times. As a result, we will have a light bulb of about 6W of pure LED power. It will shine brighter than a 60W incandescent bulb.
For those who do not want to wait or buy a driver for some reason, you can make it yourself. But this will be a driver with a capacitor as ballast. I have already written about all the pros and cons of such schemes more than once. I don’t see the point of making an electronic driver yourself at home. It's cheaper to buy ready-made.
Standard Chinese driver circuit with minor modifications.


In order to calculate the power of a light bulb, you need to know the current through the LEDs and the voltage drop across them. The voltage drop across 12 LEDs connected in series is about 36V.
The current can be calculated from formula (2):

With capacitance C1 = 2.2 μF, the power of the light bulb will be about 4.6 W
For those who do not want to solder the driver themselves, you can take it from a faulty Chinese one. C1 will have to be soldered in a new one, based on the design power.

The lamp is manufactured in such a way that even when using a ballast driver, it is in no way possible to be exposed to the damaging effects of electric current. All live parts are inaccessible.

Everything is working.
Everyone decides for themselves how to properly use the information from my review. I hope it helped at least someone. If anything is unclear about this lamp, please ask questions. For the rest, send me a PM, I’ll definitely answer.
That's all!
Good luck!

I'm planning to buy +54 Add to favorites I liked the review +100 +190

An LED lamp is quite expensive, and in some cases its use is most appropriate due to its reliability, long service life and high intensity lighting. For example, near a house or apartment, in the entrance, where an incandescent light bulb constantly burns out.

Light bulb design and circuit

The design of LED lamps includes a base, a radiator, emitters, and a driver that allows you to connect the lighting element to a dedicated 220-volt power source. The purchased version also includes a bulb with a diffuser, inside of which diodes are located. But a do-it-yourself light bulb has more similarities with the “corn” model, which involves the placement of emitters on a cylindrical body.

Diagram of operation of a 220 volt diode light source

The supply voltage passes through a current-limiting capacitor to the rectifier bridge. Passing through an electrolytic capacitor that smoothes out ripples, the rectified voltage is supplied to the diodes.

What materials will be needed?

The basis will be the base (base, radiator and driver board) of a 220 volt energy saving lamp. The non-functioning flask must be removed. Parts for the driver can be partially taken from the fluorescent light source board. If you have a non-working LED lamp on hand, a ready-made one is taken from its design.

In this case, you will have to unsolder the non-working elements yourself and install new ones - with the necessary parameters.

Necessary materials

You can also use the fuse that was part of the . The parameters of the elements are indicated in the diagram. As for emitters, there may be several options: LED Strip Light, point diodes. In many ways, it is easier to implement the first option, since for this you can use any material that is easily processed, for example, foam board.

If nothing from the available materials is suitable or it is not possible to desolder the elements from the board, you can purchase the necessary parts on the radio market or in electronics stores.

Manufacturing stages

In accordance with the diagram, all elements are soldered by hand. Using the simplest version of LED lamps - using tape, you need to cut them correctly. In this case, the notches are the guide.

Power supply circuit for a homemade LED lamp

For a light source with a voltage of 220 volts and with sufficient lighting efficiency, it is enough to use four pieces of tape, each of which contains 3 diodes.

Ready-made light bulb

The workpieces must be connected in series by soldering. Taking into account the width of the LED strips, the body of the future 220-volt lamp is cut out from foam board of suitable sizes with your own hands.

The external characteristics of the resulting product in this form are not the best. It is quite possible to correct the situation using liquid nails. With their help, you can cover the surface of such homemade lamps, excluding diodes. As a result, the product will look similar to purchased light sources.

The peculiarity of such 220-volt lamps, made by yourself, is their ability to withstand even significant voltage drops, since the emitters begin to shine already at 40 volts. The lighting intensity can be different, it all depends on the type of diodes on the tape. The luminous flux of homemade 220-volt lamps reaches 180 lm.

Projected product life

In practice, LED light sources made by hand according to these instructions work properly for a long period. It has been experimentally proven that the lamp will last at least a year. It is not possible to make further forecasts yet due to the short period of operation. But it is clear that a light source in this design can function for quite a long time.

The cost of the product is low. When determining the final price of such lamps, you need to take into account the costs of components. It takes into account what was taken from our own supplies, what was purchased, and how many diodes were used. On average, the price of a homemade light bulb is approximately 1-2 dollars.

In addition to household lighting elements, it is possible to make car lamps based on diodes. At the same time, we must not forget about such an element as snag. This is a load resistor. With its help, an additional load is created, since the diodes consume minimal energy. To prevent the on-board computer from displaying errors about the state of the lighting element, a snag is used.

There is one more nuance: when installing the ballast of LED lamps, it is recommended to use soldering. If you attach elements with adhesive, the quality of the product will be low and it will not last long. If there is a need to make a brighter lamp, larger capacitors are used.

You should also be careful when using a homemade light source, because when turned on, there is a galvanic connection to the network.

Thus, when making a lighting element based on diodes, you can use your imagination and knowledge. The simplest option is a homemade design based on an energy-saving lamp. An important step is the selection of elements for ballast. This is done in accordance with the diagram. If you have old LED lamps at home, you can look at the necessary elements in their design.

The best way to attach components is soldering. Point diodes or LED strip can act as emitters. Their number is calculated based on the level of illumination required. The cost of the finished lamp will be much lower than in the case of a purchased finished product.

We can say with great confidence that LED lighting is a very promising direction in the development of electrical products. LED lamps have many advantages compared to their older brothers (incandescent lamps).

They are superior to more familiar artificial lighting sources in many respects, ranging from high efficiency and long service life to high durability and safety in use. LED lighting is on everyone's lips today, but many still have no idea what we are talking about and what the operating principle of these devices is. Basically, the consumer is put off by the price of this type of product, because it is not very budget-friendly. In this article we will look at how to make an LED lamp with your own hands. We will also look at some of the nuances of using this type of artificial lighting.

Introduction

In order to make LED lamps with your own hands, it is not enough just to have one desire. For those who have no idea about electrical engineering, it will be useful to study the basic concepts in this field. One way or another, you need to be patient and take the time to make LED lamps with your own hands (220V). It is worth noting that the products we are used to (ordinary light bulbs) will be a thing of the past in a few years, so the result will make you happy and allow you to save on bills from electricity suppliers.

What do you need to make your own LED lamps?

• First of all, you need to find a halogen housing. A used or simply burnt out light bulb will do. Well, if there are none, you can buy a new one. In any case, your investment will pay off.
• Naturally, a DIY LED lamp requires the purchase of diodes. Their number depends on your desires and needs. It is worth saying that the more LEDs are used to create a lighting source, the more difficult the manufacturing process will be.
• You need a calculator. It will allow you to correctly calculate the number of LEDs for the lamp. You should also create electrical diagram, according to which LED lamps will be assembled with their own hands in the future.
• You will also need glue for this work. You can buy both super glue and polymer glue. The only thing worth paying attention to is the ability of the adhesive composition to quickly and firmly grasp the two surfaces being glued.
• Sheet aluminum (a little). The thickness of the metal should be approximately 0.2 millimeters, therefore a regular beer or soda can will do.
• Resistors (resistance). Here you need to find out what type and value of products you need to purchase. All this is calculated based on the drawn up scheme.

Assembly. Step by step

1. First of all, we must get rid of the filling of the halogen lamp. To do this, use a screwdriver or knife to remove the white putty near the contacts. It crumbles well and doesn't require much effort to remove. The main thing is not to overdo it - a halogen lamp is a very fragile product, and can be damaged by too much pressure.
2. After these manipulations, you need to place our light bulb on a flat surface with the contacts facing up. Then you need to hit the latter with a hammer. The blow must be applied without much enthusiasm and carefully. The light bulb will then fall out of the reflector.
3. The next step is to make an aluminum disk to mount the LEDs. First, you need to make paper templates for LED lamps with your own hands. This is done using a program on a computer.
4. The printed element must be glued to an aluminum substrate and holes must be cut out using a stationery hole punch. Basically, templates are designed for LEDs with a diameter of 5 millimeters.

That's it, the diagram describing our future products is ready.

What's next?

1. To do this, the aluminum disk is placed on a stand, since the LEDs must protrude beyond it. The elements are inserted into the holes so that the cathode leg and the anode leg of adjacent LEDs are located next to each other. This recommendation will make the soldering process easier. What is the normal supply voltage for a light source such as a DIY LED lamp? 12V - this is the voltage that similar electrical products are mainly designed for.
2. What to do next? Once all the LEDs are in place, you can start gluing. You can fill them with glue right up to the legs, this will allow the structure to be stronger. You need to wait until everything is completely dry before moving on to the next step.
3. The next step will be soldering the LEDs. As noted above, the anode of one should be located next to the cathode of the other, the main thing is not to confuse them. If there are a large number of LEDs, it is recommended to solder four elements connected in series. If we take such a 4-diode circuit separately, then for convenience it is better to leave the anode of the first LED longer, and the cathode of the last one, since these legs will then be connected to the power supply. In order not to confuse plus and minus later, it is best to leave the plus legs longer and make the minus legs shorter.
4. After soldering the LEDs, you need to start connecting the resistors. Let's say we assemble a lamp from 22 LEDs. Based on this, after soldering we should have 6 long anodes and, accordingly, 6 shorter cathodes. The resistors should be soldered to the cathodes, but before that you need to deal with the positive legs. All six cathodes must be connected together. This must be done carefully to prevent the positive terminals from shorting to negative. After all the manipulations, we should get a positive terminal from the LEDs and a negative terminal from the resistors. You need to solder small pieces of copper wire to them, you will get a kind of imitation of a base. At the end of this stage, it is recommended to fill the spaces between the cathodes and anodes with an adhesive composition in order to prevent a short circuit, which will most likely result in DIY repair of LED lamps.

Final assembly

The next step will be the actual assembly. To do this, the assembled filling is attached to the reflector using glue. The adhesive connection must be reliable, since these two elements will only be held on by glue. After everything has dried, you should mark each of the terminals, and also indicate the rated voltage of our lamp. Pieces of copper wire must be cut in accordance with the length of the electrodes of the halogen lamp.

Functionality check

That's it, the LED lamp is ready, you can connect it to battery and check the operation of all components or make a connection through the LED lamp driver. By the way, hand-assembled products will emit light in different ways.

It all depends on the diodes used. For lamps, the assembly of which we discussed above, products that have diffused light are best suited. The part, as noted above, must be connected to the network through a special driver. Without it, you will not receive a working product.

Advantages of LEDs

DIY LED lamps have a lot of advantages, namely:

1. Economical use of electricity.
2. Long service life (with proper operation can reach 72 thousand hours). On average, LEDs last for 10-15 years.
3. Ability to use different spectral characteristics.
4. Possibility of receiving directed radiation.
5. There is no inertia during switching.
6. It is possible to control brightness.
7. High security. Unlike incandescent lamps, the diode does not heat up to enormous temperatures, which eliminates the possibility of getting burned.
8. Small dimensions compared to other analogues.
9. Great strength. A diode strip is not that easy to break, not like an incandescent lamp.
10. Environmental friendliness.
11. Low temperature.

Should you believe what is written on the packaging?

When buying LED lamps in a store, we pay attention to their characteristics indicated on the packaging. Manufacturers often lie when talking about the power of light that the lamp emits.

This happens because manufacturers add up the light fluxes from all LEDs, but do not take into account the light loss from the reflector or lens.

Conclusion

Knowing all the nuances of making such products, you don’t have to worry about being scammed. By carrying out the assembly process yourself, you can eliminate the repair of LED lamps. A lamp made with your own hands will allow you to be confident in the quality of the product. Its service life is measured in years, if not decades.

So, we found out how to make an LED lamp with your own hands. 220 V is not the only network, from which it can work. The diode also lights up at 12-volt voltage, and also runs on regular batteries.