• RJ-45 connector
  

When it comes to cable used to create wired network options, it is of no value without connectors. It is the connectors that complete its integrity and allow it to be used for its intended purpose - to transfer data between the sender and the recipient. Using connectors, the cable is connected to the required connectors on the equipment, both active and passive.

The connector type is described by existing network standards, and quite often they are incompatible with each other. For example, local networks using coaxial cable require the use of BNC-type connectors, using a twisted pair cable - an RJ-45 connector, the HomePNA standard - RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors, etc.

BNC connectors . BNC-type connectors (Bayonet Neill Concelman) are used when building a network based on coaxial cable. There are several BNC-type connectors, which differ in their purpose.

· BNC connector. Used for crimping the ends of a coaxial cable (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1.BNC connector

Using such a connector, the cable is connected to a network card, a port on network equipment, and to other BNC connectors, such as a T- or I-connector.

There are also older versions of the BNC connector, such as screw-on or solder connectors, but due to various features they are no longer available today.

· T-connector. This type of connector is used to connect the main cable line to the network card of a computer or other network equipment in a network built using coaxial cable and a “bus” topology.

Externally, the T-connector (Fig. 2) is similar to a regular BNC connector, but has bends for inserting into the central trunk.

Rice. 2.T-connector

The T-connector is always used in conjunction with a BNC connector (extends the cable segment) or a terminator (closes the segment).

· I-connector. This type of connector (Figure 3), often called a barrel connector, is used to connect cable segments without the use of active hardware.

Rice. 3.I-connector

Connecting cable segments is necessary when there is a break in the central trunk or its extension or in the case when it is necessary to lengthen the cable.

· The terminator (Fig. 4) is a kind of plug, which is necessary in order to prevent the appearance of a broken signal.

Rice. 4.Terminator

Such a connector is installed at both ends of the highway, and one of the teminators must be grounded. If it is not installed, then the signal going nowhere can lead not only to delays of indefinite duration, but also to network failure.

RJ-45 connector. The RJ-45 connector is used to crimp a twisted pair cable, which is used to create local networks, such as the 100BaseTX standard.

Externally, this connector is similar to RJ-11, used for crimping a two- or four-wire telephone cable. However, unlike it, it is wider and contains twice as many contact groups.

The appearance of the connector may have slight differences regarding the base material or components of the connector, which depends on the network standard, but this does not lead to changes in dimensions and design. The appearance of such a connector is shown in Fig. 5.

Rice. 5.RJ-45 connector

A special feature of the connector is its limited service life, which is due to the design features and the material from which the connector is made. To fix the connector in the connector, a plastic retainer is used; if it breaks, fixing the connector in the connector becomes impossible. Generally, the standard lifespan of this clamp is 2000 connections.

Paired with an RJ-45 connector, as a rule, there is a special protective cap made of soft material, such as rubberized plastic, which is placed on the connector and part of the cable, thereby hiding and protecting the most vulnerable spot - the crimping point.

However, its use is not mandatory, so very often, especially in small office or home-scale local networks, it is not used in order to save money.

Wired connections via twisted pair to home computer networks are still relevant. This cable can be used to connect a router, router and any number of computers in your home. The connection with this cable occurs through an RJ45 connector.
Connectors of this type are a plastic tip with connectors for copper wires. Their number can be different - 2,4 or 8. For ease of connection, they all differ in color, and when connecting, the craftsmen use a color scheme with the numbering of the wires relative to the connector contacts.
The RJ45 connector is usually secured with special crimping pliers. However, the tool is not cheap, and you have to use it so rarely that the question arises - is it worth buying it at all? Is it possible to crimp the connector with some handy tool?

What to consider when connecting the RJ45 connector

First, you need to figure out what you are connecting to what. There are two main types of twisted pair connections:

• Straight (patch cord) – used for connecting the home network cable to the router itself, router, from the router to a computer, laptop or TV;
• Cross (crossover) - used to connect equipment of the same type, for example, several computers with each other.

Crimp the RJ45 connector with a handy tool

To work, we will need a flat-head screwdriver, a paint knife and pliers. First of all, we take the cable and remove the outer insulation. This can be done with a paint knife, stepping back 5-6 centimeters from the edge of the wire. Try to do this carefully, without cutting the insulation of the wires inside the cable.

Having freed the twisted pair contacts, straighten them by hand so that you can select them by color for connection.

Now assemble the contacts according to the color scheme, according to your connector connection type.

Straighten them sequentially in one plane, and trim the edges with side cutters or the cutting part of a plier. The length of the contacts is usually about 1 cm, and starts from the collar of the connector.

The cable must fit into the connector, and the contacts must reach the terminals each along their own groove. To do this, turn the connector face up, and tightly insert the cable into the inside of the connector, observing the order of the contacts according to the diagram.

After that, take pliers and press the terminals into the contact housing with them. We press each of them with a flat screwdriver until the terminals cut through the insulation of the contacts. Through the transparent body of the connector, the result of the work can be clearly seen.

To prevent contacts from falling out of the terminals, a special partition is provided on the connector. It acts as a cable clamp, and we also tighten it with a flat-head screwdriver.

5.4.1. Connector properties

Connectors are used for flexible connection of optical devices. In a device that is constantly being connected and disconnected, it is necessary to achieve the optical parameters discussed in section 5.2. A good connector must have the following mechanical characteristics to ensure low losses during its service life

Repeatability

The connection efficiency of the connectors should not change much with repeated connections.

Predictability

Losses in connectors with a certain type of fiber should be natural and relatively independent of the skills of the person installing it.

Durability

Connector losses should not increase over time, and repeated connections should not deteriorate this characteristic.

High strength

The connector must be able to withstand significant stresses during use. Stresses can occur both during normal connection and disconnection of connectors, and during external influences on the cable and/or connector due to impacts on the connectors or walking through cables, etc.

Environmental Protection

The connector must protect the optical interface from dirt, moisture, chemicals, temperature fluctuations, vibration, etc.

Easy to install

The fiber should be relatively easy and quick to prepare and insert into the connector.

Ease of use Connecting and disconnecting should be simple, requiring minimal effort and skill.

Economical

The cost of connectors should be moderate. To achieve good performance, components must be highly accurate. Typically, cheaper - (often plastic) connectors are not precise enough to achieve high performance.

With connectors, the losses are significantly greater than with spliced ​​fibers because it is much more difficult to re-align the fibers to the required degree of accuracy. Active alignment, which is used to minimize fiber splice losses, is not possible. As shown in Section 5.1.2, axial fiber displacement introduces the most loss into any connection. As a result, losses in the range of 0.2 to 3 dB can be expected for the connectors.

5.4.2. General structure of the connector

There are many different types of connectors. The basic principles of connector construction are illustrated in Fig. 5.15 and are described below.

Most connectors are built on the principle of butt connection with the maximum achievable pressure of the fiber ends to each other. The fiber is secured in a sleeve with a hole size that exactly matches the diameter of the fiber sheath. The sleeve is usually made of metal or ceramic and its purpose is to center and align the fiber and provide mechanical protection to the fiber end. Typically the fiber is glued to the sleeve, then the end is cut and polished flush with the end of the sleeve.

The bushings of the two connectors are connected using a precision smooth coupling, also known as an adapter, or mating socket, which provides the required axial and angular alignment. The couplings and bushings can be tapered, as in biconical connectors, in which case plastic connectors can be used. This is because as tapered components are repeatedly connected and disconnected, they wear slightly due to friction.

Rice. 5.15. General structure of the connector

The bushings are attached to the connector body, usually metal or plastic, to relieve fiber stress. Cable reinforcement components and a housing are usually attached to the body, and a stress-free jacket can provide the connection to the connector with additional protection. The connector body usually also requires a mechanism to secure it to the mating adapter. This can be a screw connection (types SMA, FC, and biconical), snap-on bayonet connection (ST and SC connectors).

An alternative type of connector uses a lens approach. Such a diagram is shown in Fig. 5.16. A lens is used to target the beam emerging from the end of the fiber. The distance between the fiber and the lens is equal to the focal length of the lens. This creates a parallel beam with the diameter of the lens. This design, when used with a similar connector, is less sensitive to lateral movements and gaps between connectors. In addition, it allows you to install glass windows on top of the lenses, protecting them from dirt and scratches. These connectors are more expensive and are used when performance is critical in harsh environments (such as military applications).

RJ-45 RJ-11 are standardized letter designations under which plugs and sockets for connecting network devices are produced. RJ stands for Registered Jack and is translated as a standard type network interface. Similar standards were created and patented by Bell Labs more than 52 years ago. It was during that period that the need arose to unify the connectors used and simplify the connection of various equipment.

The American communications agency became interested in the developments of Bell Labs, as a result of which the company was able to distribute its devices en masse. As a result, plugs and sockets under the standard designation RJ-11 began to be actively used in telephone networks. They are used for two-wire telephone devices. RJ-45 is used to create local area networks.

Kinds

RJ connectors are used with twisted pair and telephone cables:

1. RJ 45– with network cables - 8 positions and 8 contacts.
2. RJ 11– with telephone cables - 4 positions and 4 contacts.

According to the shape of the connected cable:

• Round shape: universal, single-core and stranded.
• Flat shape: single-core and universal.

Computer connectors are also classified into categories. They are selected depending on the distance of the cable through which data is transmitted without distortion, including the speed of information transmission.

The following types of connectors are usually used for household and office equipment:

• – used to create 100BASE-TX networks for speeds of about 100 Mbit per second in the frequency band at 125 MHz;

• – represent a more modern version that transmits information over two pairs at once at a speed of about 100 Mbit per second. When transmitting over four pairs, the speed is 1000 Mbit per second;

• – used to create “Fast Ethernet” or “Gigabit Ethernet” networks. Such devices are capable of transmitting information up to 1000 Mbit per second.

RJ-45 RJ-11 connectors, depending on the type of installation, are divided into:

• External. Used when it is necessary to place the device on a wall surface. This device has a connector that has blade contacts. When the wire is pressed into them, the insulation is pierced right up to the core. As a result, installation is quick and easy.

• Domestic. In most cases, such products are installed in a mounting box with a recess into the wall. The connector here can be easily removed for installation. After installation, the socket box is clamped with a screw made of plastic. To ensure long service life, the housings of RJ-45 RJ-11 products are made from durable technopolymers that are resistant to ultraviolet rays.

Connectors can also be of the following types:

• Optical connectors, which are used to connect optical fiber cables.
• Coaxial connectors, which are used to connect coaxial wires.

RJ-45 RJ-11. Device

The body of the RJ connector is made of plastic; inside it there are contact blades that are coated, most often gold. In computer networks that use a twisted pair of 4 cores, an RJ-45 connector is used. It is marked with the designation “8p8c”. The number of pins on this connector depends on the type of cable used. Shielded connectors are used to connect shielded cables. In the latter, the casing is made of metal; it connects directly to the cable screen. Shielded connectors are used only with shielded equipment.

Most telephone systems use RJ-11 connectors. In these products, the number of cores is only 4. For this reason, it is impossible to use a telephone socket as a computer socket.

The connector is produced by injection molding; single contacts are pressed into it. Their production also includes removable or integral components necessary to obtain the required electrical characteristics, including the mechanical strength of attachment to cable products. The plug contacts are designed so that they can easily accommodate a rigid installation cable or a flexible stranded cable.

Operating principle

RJ-45 RJ-11 components are designed according to a push-pull design: one end has a socket, the other has a plug. The plug is fixed in the socket using a latch located on the side opposite the contact mounting surface. The plug is installed on the cable using a crimping tool specially designed for this operation.

RJ-45 installation is performed by crimping, in which metal wires are pressed into the wire with their pointed ends, thereby ensuring tight contact. Crimping can be done by anyone, even those who have no experience. Pinout is carried out in accordance with the colors of the wires. To connect a twisted pair cable, you must carefully follow the color combinations that correspond to the specific number on the cord.

To create the connection you will need cables called ( Layout and crimping here), they can consist of 4 and 8 cores. They are intertwined. Twisted pair cable transmits the signal between sources. However, to transmit data over a distance of more than a hundred meters, the use of amplifiers will be required. To solve a specific problem, it is necessary to perform a certain pinout according to color combination. For example, when installing two types of equipment, you should ensure the order of colors, both at one end of the wire and at the other. For crimping, you can use not only a crimping tool, but also improvised means. However, at the same time, it is important to maintain the integrity of the wires so that RJ-45 RJ-11 products work properly.

Application

RJ-11 is in most cases used to connect landline phones or faxes. The connector design has six contact positions, but RJ-11 only takes up 4 positions, while RJ-12 has up to 6 contacts.

RJ 45 is in most cases used to organize local and computer networks. Its design has 8 contact knives. Pairs of wires in RJ 45 are twisted together so that possible interference has the same effect on the cable. The low cost and ease of installation of RJ 45 products ensured the widespread and popularity of this standard. Today, most local networks around the world are organized using this method.

Depending on the purpose of the building, RJ-45 RJ-11 can be used in the following typical premises:

• Server rooms.
• Audiences.
• Offices.
• Electronic libraries.
• Internet clubs.
• Houses and apartments.
• Computer equipment repair workshops.
• IT stores.
• Security and specialized premises and so on.

How to choose

• RJ-45 RJ-11 sockets and connectors are made according to a single standard. Therefore, structurally they have a common base and are made of similar materials. Naturally, the quality of these materials may vary. It all depends on the specific manufacturer. The same thing affects the price of products. That is, you can significantly overpay for a brand, but you can also purchase sockets and plugs that will not be inferior in quality to branded ones, but will be much lower in price. Here everyone decides for themselves what is best to choose.
• Depending on the number of connectors, sockets can be single, double or terminal with 4-9 connectors. In addition, there are certain types of combined products. Such modules even provide additional types of interfaces, for example, HDMI or USB. However, to connect one computer or phone, a single connector is sufficient. Terminal devices are often used in office spaces where there are many computers and telephones.
• For home and even office use, devices that transmit data at speeds of up to 100 Mbit per second are sufficient. Such products have a category 3. Category 5e has a speed of about 1000 Mbit per second. For Category 6, 10 Gbps is available, but the cable must not exceed a length of 55 meters.
• It is worth choosing based on the principle of fastening. Overhead and internal products are provided for computer cabling. For an internal outlet, the contacts go deep into the wall; for external products, the contacts are located on the surface of the wall. For a hidden socket, a protective “casing” made of plastic must be provided where the terminal block is secured. The external socket is installed on the wall using an overhead panel.
• It is best to buy products for hidden installation. Such devices look more beautiful after completion of the work; they will not spoil the interior design. However, you should know that installing them will require breaking the integrity of the wall. Therefore, it is best to purchase these sockets before repairs are carried out. If you do not want to carry out repair work related to the installation of sockets, then it is better to take a closer look at external devices.
• When choosing sockets and connectors, you should take a closer look at the products of trusted companies. Most sockets have numbered contacts, which will allow for hassle-free installation. If you overlooked this nuance or only products without numbering are on sale, then you will have to look at color combinations. Orange, black, white and green contacts are positive. Blue, yellow and red contacts are negative.

CONNECTOR

CONNECTOR

1) inf. a symbol in block diagrams that is used to merge several lines into one, split one line with reference to its continuation in another section of the block diagram; 2) linguistic same as CONNECTIVE. English connect.

Dictionary of foreign words. - Komlev N.G., 2006 .

See what "CONNECTOR" is in other dictionaries:

- (in unofficial Microsoft Exchange Server terminology) a configured connection between mail servers in different routing groups or mail systems. Connectors differ by type: The SMTP connector is one of the most common... ... Wikipedia

connector- A part designed to connect two or more components of a breathing circuit. [GOST R 52423 2005] Inhalation topics. anesthesia, art. ventilator light EN connector DE Verbindungsstück FR raccord …

connector- connector, and... Russian spelling dictionary

A connector (in informal Microsoft Exchange Server terminology) is a configured connection between mail servers in different routing groups or mail systems. Connectors differ by type: The SMTP connector is one of... ... Wikipedia

medical gas specific connector- connector The male part of a connection specific to a particular medical gas. [GOST R 52423 2005] Inhalation topics. anesthesia, art. ventilator lung Synonyms connector EN gas specific connector DE gasartspezifisches... ... Technical Translator's Guide

tracheal tube connector- A connector designed to connect the tracheal tube to the device. [GOST R 52423 2005] Inhalation topics. anesthesia, art. ventilator lungs EN tracheal tube connector DE Verbindungsstück für Trachealtuben FR raccord de sonde trachéale … Technical Translator's Guide

connector (in optical communication lines)- connector A mechanical device used in conjunction with a fiber to provide positioning, connecting the fiber to a transmitter, receiver, or other fiber. The following types of connectors are commonly used: SC (SC Subscriber Connector... Technical Translator's Guide

CONNECTOR (NEURON)- A neuron that is located between two other neurons or between a receptor and an effector and connects them. Also called interneuron... Explanatory dictionary of psychology

T connector in BNC format. T connector, tee is one of the types of connectors designed to connect three cables (or two cables with an instrument connector). The most widely used are T connectors for connecting to coaxial... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see BNC. BNC connector on a thin coaxial cable The BNC connector (BNC is short for Bayonet Neill Concelman) is used to connect a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 or 75 Ohms and ... ... Wikipedia