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July 4, 2013 at 00:31

A little about UEFI and Secure Boot

• Information Security ,
• UEFI

UEFI

UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is a replacement for the outdated BIOS. This specification was invented by Intel for Itanium, then it was still called EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface), and then was ported to x86, x64 and ARM. It is strikingly different from BIOS both in the boot procedure itself and in the ways of interacting with the OS. If you bought a computer in 2010 or later, then most likely you have UEFI.

The main differences between UEFI and BIOS:

• GPT (GUID Partition Table) support

GPT is a new partitioning method, replacing MBR. Unlike MBR, GPT supports disks larger than 2TB and an unlimited number of partitions, while MBR only supports 4 without crutches. UEFI supports FAT32 with GPT partitions by default. UEFI itself does not support MBR; support and booting from MBR is carried out by the CSM (Compatibility Support Module) extension.

• Service support

There are two types of services in UEFI: boot services and runtime services. The former work only until the OS loads and provide interaction with graphic and text terminals, buses, block devices, etc., while runtime services can use the OS. One example of runtime services is variable service, which stores values ​​in NVRAM. Linux OS uses a variable service to store crash dumps, which can be retrieved after rebooting the computer.

• Modular architecture

You can run your applications in UEFI. You can boot your drivers into UEFI. No, really! There is such a thing as UEFI Shell. Some manufacturers include it in their UEFI, but my laptop (Lenovo Thinkpad X220) does not have it. But you can simply download it from the Internet and put it on a flash drive or hard drive. There are also drivers for ReiserFS, ext2/3/4 and perhaps some others, I didn’t go too deep into it. You can download them from the UEFI Shell and walk through the expanses of your file system directly from UEFI.
UEFI also supports networking, so if you find a UEFI driver for your network card, or if it is included by the motherboard manufacturer, you can ping 8.8.8.8 from Shell.
In general, the UEFI specification provides for the interaction of UEFI drivers from the OS, i.e. If your OS does not have a driver for the network card, but it is loaded into UEFI, then the OS will be able to use the network card via UEFI, but I have not seen such implementations.

• Built-in download manager

In general, UEFI does not require a bootloader if you want multiboot. You can add your own menu items, and they will appear in the UEFI boot menu, right next to the disks and flash drives. This is very convenient and allows you to boot Linux without a bootloader at all, but straight into the kernel. This way, you can install Windows and Linux without third-party bootloaders.

How does booting into UEFI work?

From a GPT partition with identifier EF00 and file system FAT32, by default the file \efi\boot\boot[architecture name].efi is loaded and launched, for example \efi\boot\bootx64.efi
Those. to, for example, create a bootable USB flash drive with Windows, you just need to mark the flash drive in GPT, create a FAT32 partition on it and simply copy all the files from the ISO image. There are no boot sectors anymore, forget about them.
Booting into UEFI is much faster, for example, booting my ArchLinux laptop from pressing the power button to a fully operational state is only 30 seconds. As far as I know, Windows 8 also has very good boot speed optimizations in UEFI mode.

Secure Boot

I've seen a lot of questions on the internet like:

“I heard that Microsoft is implementing Secure Boot in Windows 8. This technology prevents unauthorized code from executing, such as bootloaders, to protect the user from malware. And there is a campaign from the Free Software Foundation against Secure Boot, and many people were against it. If I buy a computer with Windows 8, can I install Linux or another OS? Or does this technology only allow you to run Windows?”

Let's start with the fact that this technology was not invented by Microsoft, but it is included in the UEFI 2.2 specification. Having Secure Boot enabled does not mean that you will not be able to run an OS other than Windows. In fact, computers and laptops certified to run Windows 8 obliged have the ability to disable Secure Boot and the ability to manage keys, so there is nothing to worry about. Non-disabled Secure Boot is available only on ARM tablets with Windows preinstalled!

What does Secure Boot do? It protects against the execution of unsigned code not only at the boot stage, but also at the OS execution stage, for example, in both Windows and Linux, the signatures of drivers/kernel modules are checked, so malicious code cannot be executed in kernel mode. But this is only true if there is no physical access to the computer, because, in most cases, with physical access, the keys can be replaced with your own.

Secure Boot has 2 modes: Setup and User. The first mode is for configuration, from it you can replace PK (Platform Key, default from OEM), KEK (Key Exchange Keys), db (resolved key database) and dbx (revoked key database). There may not be a KEK, and everything can be signed by PK, but no one does that, it seems. PK is the main key with which KEK is signed, in turn, db and dbx are signed with keys from KEK (there may be several of them). In order to be able to run some signed .efi file from User mode, it must be signed with a key that is in db, and not in dbx.

For Linux there are 2 pre-loaders that support Secure Boot: Shim and PRELoader. They are similar, but there are small nuances.
Shim has 3 types of keys: Secure Boot keys (those in UEFI), Shim keys (which you can generate yourself and specify during compilation), and MOK (Machine Owner Key, stored in NVRAM). Shim does not use a UEFI boot mechanism, so a bootloader that does not support Shim and does not know anything about MOK will not be able to execute the code (thus gummiboot bootloader will not work). PRELoader, on the other hand, builds its authentication mechanisms into UEFI, and there are no problems.
Shim depends on MOK, i.e. binaries must be modified (signed) before they can be executed. PRELoader “remembers” the correct binaries, you tell it whether you trust them or not.
Both pre-bootloaders are available in compiled form with a valid signature from Microsoft, so it is not necessary to change the UEFI keys.

Secure Boot is designed to protect against bootkits and attacks like Evil Maid, and, in my opinion, it does this effectively.
Thank you for your attention!

Today we will talk about what Secure Boot is. How to disable this element and why it is needed, we will consider further. We are talking about hardware configuration software that is used today instead of BIOS on various motherboards.

General information

We have already defined what Secure Boot is. How to disable this element is a question that becomes especially relevant if the function interferes with booting from a flash drive or disk during the installation of Windows or another operating system. There are a few other situations where deactivation may be necessary, but they are less common. It is very common for a message to appear on the main desktop indicating that Secure Boot is not configured correctly. We will also tell you how to disable this notification. The deactivation procedure largely depends on the UEFI interface. Therefore, recommendations for several options will be described below.

Options

First of all, let's move on to the UEFI settings. In other words, we go into the computer’s BIOS. There is the following way to do this:

• If the Windows 8 or 8.1 platform is installed on your PC, go to the right panel and select “Settings”.
• Next, wait for the next menu to open and go to the “Change parameters” tab.
• We use the “Update and Restore” function.
• We wait for this tool to launch and select “Recovery”.
• Click the “Reboot” button.
• Then go to “Advanced Settings”, and then to “UEFI Software Settings”.
• The computer will restart and display the necessary settings.

Delete

We continue to discuss the Secure Boot feature. How to disable it can only be understood after entering the BIOS. The first option for launching this element was described above. But a similar result can be achieved in another way. When turning on the desktop computer, press Delete. To solve the question of how to disable Secure Boot on a Lenovo laptop, you may need another key: most often F2. Pay attention to the initial screen when you turn it on. It often indicates the button we need.

Deactivation example

Next, we will take a closer look at how to disable Secure Boot on an Asus laptop. This instruction can be considered universal, since it is suitable for most other motherboards that support the function we are interested in.

Go to the OS Type item and install Other OS.

After this, we save the settings - as a rule, the F10 key is responsible for this.

On certain types of motherboards from Asus, for this purpose, go to the Security or Boot tab, then set the Secure Boot parameter to Disabled. The task is complicated by the fact that the function we are interested in, as a rule, cannot be disabled in the basic settings. Switching between Enabled and Disabled is not available.

To make the change available in the Security section, if necessary, set a password using Set Supervisor Password. Only after this do we disable secure boot.

Additionally, you may need to activate Legacy Mode or CSM boot mode instead of UEFI. On certain motherboards from Gigabyte, disabling Secure Boot mode is available in the “BIOS Settings” section.

To start a personal computer from a flash drive, you will also need to activate CSM loading and the previous version of inclusion. The described options for finding the required function work on most computers and laptops. Certain details may change, but the outlined algorithm remains constant. For example, on some HP laptop models you need to go to the System Configuration section. Next, select Boot Options. Find Secure Boot in the menu that appears.

It should also be said briefly about Acer laptops. In them, the function we are interested in is deactivated through the Authentication section. You may need to go to Advanced and then open System Configuration to achieve the result.

Good day.

Quite often, many users ask questions about Secure Boot (for example, this option sometimes needs to be disabled when installing Windows). If you do not disable it, then this protective function (developed by Microsoft in 2012) will check and search for special information. keys that are available only for Windows 8 (and higher). Accordingly, you will not be able to boot the laptop from any media...

In this short article I want to look at several popular brands of laptops (Acer, Asus, Dell, HP) and show with an example how to disable Secure Boot.

Important note! To disable Secure Boot, you need to go into the BIOS - and to do this you need to press the corresponding buttons immediately after turning on the laptop. One of my articles is devoted to this issue -. It shows buttons for different manufacturers and details how to enter the BIOS. Therefore, in this article I will not dwell on this issue...

Acer

(Screenshots from the BIOS of the Aspire V3-111P laptop)

After entering the BIOS, you need to open the “BOOT” tab and see if the “Secure Boot” tab is active. Most likely, it will not be active and cannot be changed. This happens because the administrator password is not set in the BIOS “Security” section.

To install it, you should open this section and select “Set Supervisor Password" and press Enter.

Actually, after this you can open the “Boot” section - the “Secure Boot” tab will be active and can be switched to Disabled (i.e. turned off, see screenshot below).

After rebooting the laptop, it should boot from any* boot device (for example, from a USB flash drive with Windows 7).

Asus

Some models of Asus laptops (especially new ones) sometimes confuse novice users. In fact, how can you disable secure boot in them?

1. First, go to the BIOS and open the “Security” section. At the very bottom there will be an item “ Secure Boot Control" - it needs to be switched to disabled, i.e. switch off.

2. After rebooting, enter the BIOS again and then in the “Boot” section do the following:

• Fast Boot - switch to Disabled mode (i.e. disable fast boot. The tab is not available everywhere! If you don’t have it, then just skip this recommendation);
• Launch CSM - switch to Enabled mode (i.e. enable support and compatibility with “old” OS and software);
• Then press again F10- save the settings and reboot the laptop.

3. After the reboot, enter the BIOS and open the “Boot” section - in the “Boot Option” item you can select bootable media that is connected to the USB port (for example). Screenshot below.

Then save the BIOS settings and reboot the laptop (F10 button).

Dell

(Screenshots from Dell Inspiron 15 3000 Series laptop)

In Dell laptops, disabling Secure Boot is probably one of the simplest - just one entry into Bios is enough and no administrator passwords, etc. are needed.

After entering the BIOS, open the “Boot” section and set the following parameters:

• Boot List Option - Legacy (with this we enable support for older operating systems, i.e. compatibility);
• Security Boot - disabled (disable secure boot).

Actually, you can then edit the download queue. Most install the new Windows OS from bootable USB flash drives - so below is a screenshot of which line needs to be moved to the very top so that you can boot from the flash drive ( USB Storage Device).

After the settings have been entered, press the button F10- this will save the entered settings, and then the button Esc- thanks to it you will exit the BIOS and reboot the laptop. Actually, with this, disabling secure boot on a Dell laptop is complete!

HP

After entering the BIOS, open the “System Configuration” section, and then go to the “Boot Option” tab (see screenshot below).

After the reboot, the text “A change to the operating system secure boot mode is pending...” appears.

We are warned about changes made to the settings and are asked to confirm them with a code. You just need to enter the code shown on the screen and press Enter.

After this change, the laptop will reboot and Secure Boot will be disabled.

To boot from a flash drive or disk: when you turn on the HP laptop, press ESC, and in the start menu select “F9 Boot Device Options”, then you can select the device from which you want to boot.

In principle, in laptops of other brands, disabling Secure Boot proceeds in the same way, there are no special differences. The only point: on some models, entering the BIOS is “complicated” (for example, in laptops Lenovo- you can read about this in this article:). I'll wrap this up, all the best to everyone!